CXCR5

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C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXC-R5) also known as CD185 (cluster of differentiation 185) or Burkitt lymphoma receptor 1 (BLR1) is a G protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptor for chemokine CXCL13 (also known as BLC) and belongs to the CXC chemokine receptor family. It enables T cells to migrate to lymph node B cell zones. In humans, the CXC-R5 protein is encoded by the CXCR5 gene.[1]

Tissue distribution and function

The BLR1 / CXCR5 gene is specifically expressed in Burkitt's lymphoma and lymphatic tissues, such as follicles in lymph nodes as well as in spleen. The gene plays an essential role in B cell migration.[2] Recently, it was shown that CXCR5 overexpression in breast cancer patients highly correlates with lymph node metastases,[3] and elevated CXCR5 expression may contribute to abnormal cell survival and migration in breast tumors that lack functional p53 protein.[4] Minor allele of SNP rs630923, located in the area of CXCR5 gene promoter and associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis, is responsible for appearance of MEF2C-binding site resulted in reduced CXCR5 gene promoter activity in B-cells during activation, that could lead to decreased autoimmune response [5]

References

  1. Dobner T, Wolf I, Emrich T, Lipp M (November 1992). "Differentiation-specific expression of a novel G protein-coupled receptor from Burkitt's lymphoma". European Journal of Immunology. 22 (11): 2795–9. doi:10.1002/eji.1830221107. PMID 1425907.
  2. Förster R, Mattis AE, Kremmer E, Wolf E, Brem G, Lipp M (December 1996). "A putative chemokine receptor, BLR1, directs B cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic compartments of the spleen". Cell. 87 (6): 1037–47. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81798-5. PMID 8978608.
  3. Biswas S, Sengupta S, Roy Chowdhury S, Jana S, Mandal G, Mandal PK, Saha N, Malhotra V, Gupta A, Kuprash DV, Bhattacharyya A (January 2014). "CXCL13-CXCR5 co-expression regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells during lymph node metastasis". Breast Cancer Res Treat. 143 (2): 265–76. doi:10.1007/s10549-013-2811-8. PMID 24337540.
  4. Mitkin NA, Hook CD, Schwartz AM, Biswas S, Kochetkov DV, Muratova AM, Afanasyeva MA, Kravchenko JE, Bhattacharyya A, Kuprash DV (March 2015). "p53-dependent expression of CXCR5 chemokine receptor in MCF-7 breast cancer cells". Sci Rep. 19 (5): 9330. doi:10.1038/srep09330. PMC 4365401. PMID 25786345.
  5. Mitkin NA, Muratova AM, Schwartz AM, Kuprash DV (Nov 2016). "The A Allele of the Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs630923 Creates a Binding Site for MEF2C Resulting in Reduced CXCR5 Promoter Activity in B-Cell Lymphoblastic Cell Lines". Front. Immunol. 7 (515). doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00515. PMC 5112242. PMID 27909439.

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Further reading