This gene encodes the MT1protein, one of two high-affinity forms of a receptor for melatonin, the primary hormone secreted by the pineal gland. This receptor is a G protein-coupled, 7-transmembrane receptor that is responsible for melatonin effects on mammalian circadian rhythm and reproductive alterations affected by day length. The receptor is an integral membrane protein that is readily detectable and localized to two specific regions of the brain. The hypothalamicsuprachiasmatic nucleus appears to be involved in circadian rhythm while the hypophysialpars tuberalis may be responsible for the reproductive effects of melatonin.[2]
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