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{{redirect|CD106|the radio station formerly known as "CD106 the Wolf"|WNCD}}
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{{Infobox gene}}
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'''Vascular cell adhesion protein 1''' also known as '''vascular cell adhesion molecule 1''' ('''VCAM-1''') or '''cluster of differentiation 106''' ('''CD106''') is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''VCAM1'' [[gene]].<ref name="Cybulsky_1991">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cybulsky M, Fries JW, Williams AJ, Sultan P, Eddy RL, Byers MG, Shows TB, ((Gimbrone MA Jr)), Collins T | title = The human VCAM1 gene is assigned to chromosome 1p31-p32 | journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. | year = 1991 | volume = 58 | pages = 1852 |doi=10.1159/000133735}}</ref> VCAM-1 functions as a [[cell adhesion molecule]].
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
==Structure==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_VCAM1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1ij9.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1ij9}}, {{PDB2|1vca}}, {{PDB2|1vsc}}
| Name = Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
| HGNCid = 12663
| Symbol = VCAM1
| AltSymbols =; CD106; DKFZp779G2333; INCAM-100; MGC99561
| OMIM = 192225
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 838
| MGIid = 98926
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_VCAM1_203868_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016337 |text = cell-cell adhesion}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 7412
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000162692
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001069
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001078
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 100957885
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 100977185
    | Hs_Uniprot = P19320
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 22329
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000027962
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011693
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035823
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 3
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 116102024
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 116121692
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3TR98
  }}
}}
'''Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1''', also known as '''VCAM1''', is a human [[gene]].
 
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene is a member of the Ig superfamily and encodes a cell surface sialoglycoprotein expressed by cytokine-activated endothelium. This type I membrane protein mediates leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and signal transduction, and may play a role in the development of artherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: VCAM1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7412| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


'''VCAM-1''' ('''vascular [[cell adhesion molecule]]-1'''), also known as '''CD106''', is a [[molecule]] with a considerable role in the human [[immune system]].  
The VCAM-1 gene contains six or seven [[immunoglobulin]] domains, and is expressed on both large and small [[blood vessel]]s only after the [[endothelial]] cells are stimulated by [[cytokine]]s. It is [[Alternative splicing|alternatively spliced]] into two known [[RNA]] [[Transcription (genetics)|transcripts]] that encode different isoforms in humans.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: VCAM1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7412| accessdate = }}</ref> The gene product is a cell surface [[sialoglycoprotein]], a type I membrane protein that is a member of the [[Immunoglobulin superfamily|Ig superfamily]].


==Structure==
== Function ==


VCAM-1 contains six or seven [[immunoglobulin]] domains, and is expressed on both large and small [[vessels]] only after the [[endothelial]] cells are stimulated by [[cytokine|cytokines]].  
The VCAM-1 protein mediates the adhesion of [[lymphocyte]]s, [[monocyte]]s, [[eosinophil]]s, and [[basophil]]s to vascular [[endothelium]]. It also functions in leukocyte-endothelial cell [[signal transduction]], and it may play a role in the development of [[atherosclerosis]] and [[rheumatoid arthritis]].


==Function==
Upregulation of VCAM-1 in endothelial cells by cytokines occurs as a result of increased [[gene transcription]] (e.g., in response to [[Tumor necrosis factor-alpha]] (TNF-α) and [[Interleukin-1]] (IL-1)) and through stabilization of [[Messenger RNA]] (mRNA) (e.g., [[Interleukin-4]] (IL-4)). The promoter region of the VCAM-1 gene contains functional tandem [[NF-κB]] (nuclear factor-kappa B) sites. The sustained expression of VCAM-1 lasts over 24 hours.


VCAM-1 promotes the adhesion of [[lymphocyte]]s, [[monocyte|monocytes]], [[eosinophil|eosinophils]], and [[basophil|basophils]]. Interestingly, certain [[melanoma]] cells can use VCAM-1 to adhere to the endothelium, and VCAM-1 may participate in monocyte recruitment to [[atherosclerotic]] sites. As a result, VCAM-1 is a potential [[drug]] target.
Primarily, the VCAM-1 protein is an endothelial [[ligand]] for [[VLA-4]] (Very Late Antigen-4 or integrin α4β1) of the β1 subfamily of [[integrin]]s. VCAM-1 expression has also been observed in other cell types (e.g., [[smooth muscle cells]]). It has also been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[ezrin|EZR]]<ref name=pmid12082081>{{cite journal | vauthors = Barreiro O, Yanez-Mo M, Serrador JM, Montoya MC, Vicente-Manzanares M, Tejedor R, Furthmayr H, Sanchez-Madrid F | title = Dynamic interaction of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 with moesin and ezrin in a novel endothelial docking structure for adherent leukocytes | journal = J. Cell Biol. | volume = 157 | issue = 7 | pages = 1233–45  | date = Jun 2002 | pmid = 12082081 | pmc = 2173557 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.200112126 }}</ref> and [[Moesin]].<ref name=pmid12082081/>


Upregulation of VCAM-1 in endothelial cells by cytokines occurs as a result of increased [[gene transcription]] (e.g., in response to [[Tumor necrosis factor-alpha]] (TNF-α) and [[Interleukin-1]], aka IL-1) and through stabilization of [[Messenger RNA]] (mNRA) (e.g., [[Interleukin-4]], aka IL-4). The promoter region of the VCAM-1 gene contains functional tandem [[NF-kB]] (nuclear factor-kappa B) sites.  
== Pharmacology ==
Certain [[melanoma]] cells can use VCAM-1 to adhere to the endothelium,<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Eibl RH, Benoit M| year=2004 | title= Molecular resolution of cell adhesion forces. | journal= IEE Proc Nanobiotechnol. | volume=151 | issue=3 | pages=128–32 | DOI=10.1049/ip-nbt:20040707 | PMID=16475855}}</ref> and VCAM-1 may participate in monocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic sites. As a result, VCAM-1 is a potential [[drug]] target.


The sustained expression of VCAM-1 lasts over 24 hours. Primarily, VCAM-1 is an endothelial [[ligand]] for [[VLA-4]] (Very Late Antigen-1 or α4β1) of the β1 subfamily of [[integrin]]s, and for integrin α4β7. VCAM-1 expression has also been observed in other cell types (e.g., [[smooth muscle cells]]).
== References ==
{{reflist}}


==References==
== Further reading ==
{{reflist|2}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yonekawa K, Harlan JM | title = Targeting leukocyte integrins in human diseases | journal = J. Leukoc. Biol. | volume = 77 | issue = 2 | pages = 129–40 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15548573 | doi = 10.1189/jlb.0804460 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wu TC | title = The role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in tumor immune evasion | journal = Cancer Res. | volume = 67 | issue = 13 | pages = 6003–6 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17616653 | pmc = 3179385 | doi = 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1543 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yonekawa K, Harlan JM |title=Targeting leukocyte integrins in human diseases. |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume=77 |issue= 2 |pages= 129-40 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15548573 |doi= 10.1189/jlb.0804460 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wu TC |title=The role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in tumor immune evasion. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=67 |issue= 13 |pages= 6003-6 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17616653 |doi= 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1543 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
== External links ==
* {{MeshName|VCAM-1}}
* {{MeshName|VCAM-1}}


{{PDB Gallery|geneid=7412}}
{{Clusters of differentiation}}
{{Clusters of differentiation}}
{{Cell adhesion molecules}}
{{Cell adhesion molecules}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
 
[[Category:SIGLEC]]

Revision as of 00:15, 27 October 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 also known as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) or cluster of differentiation 106 (CD106) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VCAM1 gene.[1] VCAM-1 functions as a cell adhesion molecule.

Structure

The VCAM-1 gene contains six or seven immunoglobulin domains, and is expressed on both large and small blood vessels only after the endothelial cells are stimulated by cytokines. It is alternatively spliced into two known RNA transcripts that encode different isoforms in humans.[2] The gene product is a cell surface sialoglycoprotein, a type I membrane protein that is a member of the Ig superfamily.

Function

The VCAM-1 protein mediates the adhesion of lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils to vascular endothelium. It also functions in leukocyte-endothelial cell signal transduction, and it may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Upregulation of VCAM-1 in endothelial cells by cytokines occurs as a result of increased gene transcription (e.g., in response to Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1 (IL-1)) and through stabilization of Messenger RNA (mRNA) (e.g., Interleukin-4 (IL-4)). The promoter region of the VCAM-1 gene contains functional tandem NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) sites. The sustained expression of VCAM-1 lasts over 24 hours.

Primarily, the VCAM-1 protein is an endothelial ligand for VLA-4 (Very Late Antigen-4 or integrin α4β1) of the β1 subfamily of integrins. VCAM-1 expression has also been observed in other cell types (e.g., smooth muscle cells). It has also been shown to interact with EZR[3] and Moesin.[3]

Pharmacology

Certain melanoma cells can use VCAM-1 to adhere to the endothelium,[4] and VCAM-1 may participate in monocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic sites. As a result, VCAM-1 is a potential drug target.

References

  1. ↑ Cybulsky M, Fries JW, Williams AJ, Sultan P, Eddy RL, Byers MG, Shows TB, Gimbrone MA Jr, Collins T (1991). "The human VCAM1 gene is assigned to chromosome 1p31-p32". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 58: 1852. doi:10.1159/000133735.
  2. ↑ "Entrez Gene: VCAM1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1".
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Barreiro O, Yanez-Mo M, Serrador JM, Montoya MC, Vicente-Manzanares M, Tejedor R, Furthmayr H, Sanchez-Madrid F (Jun 2002). "Dynamic interaction of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 with moesin and ezrin in a novel endothelial docking structure for adherent leukocytes". J. Cell Biol. 157 (7): 1233–45. doi:10.1083/jcb.200112126. PMC 2173557. PMID 12082081.
  4. ↑ Eibl RH, Benoit M (2004). "Molecular resolution of cell adhesion forces". IEE Proc Nanobiotechnol. 151 (3): 128–32. doi:10.1049/ip-nbt:20040707. PMID 16475855.

Further reading

External links

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