Galanin receptor 2
| Galanin receptor 2 | |||||||||||
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| Symbols | GALR2 ; GALNR2; MGC125983; MGC125984 | ||||||||||
| External IDs | Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 2863 | ||||||||||
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| Species | Human | Mouse | |||||||||
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Galanin receptor 2, also known as GALR2, is a human gene.[1]
Galanin is an important neuromodulator present in the brain, gastrointestinal system, and hypothalamopituitary axis. It is a 30-amino acid non-C-terminally amidated peptide that potently stimulates growth hormone secretion, inhibits cardiac vagal slowing of heart rate, abolishes sinus arrhythmia, and inhibits postprandial gastrointestinal motility. The actions of galanin are mediated through interaction with specific membrane receptors that are members of the 7-transmembrane family of G protein-coupled receptors. GALR2 interacts with the N-terminal residues of the galanin peptide. The primary signaling mechanism for GALR2 is through the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway (via Gq), in contrast to GALR1, which communicates its intracellular signal by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase through Gi. However, it has been demonstrated that GALR2 couples efficiently to both the Gq and Gi proteins to simultaneously activate 2 independent signal transduction pathways.[1]
See also
References
Further reading
- Bloomquist BT, Beauchamp MR, Zhelnin L; et al. (1998). "Cloning and expression of the human galanin receptor GalR2". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 243 (2): 474–9. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8133. PMID 9480833.
- Fathi Z, Battaglino PM, Iben LG; et al. (1998). "Molecular characterization, pharmacological properties and chromosomal localization of the human GALR2 galanin receptor". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 58 (1–2): 156–69. PMID 9685625.
- Kolakowski LF, O'Neill GP, Howard AD; et al. (1998). "Molecular characterization and expression of cloned human galanin receptors GALR2 and GALR3". J. Neurochem. 71 (6): 2239–51. PMID 9832121.
- Borowsky B, Walker MW, Huang LY; et al. (1999). "Cloning and characterization of the human galanin GALR2 receptor". Peptides. 19 (10): 1771–81. PMID 9880084.
- Berger A, Tuechler C, Almer D; et al. (2002). "Elevated expression of galanin receptors in childhood neuroblastic tumors". Neuroendocrinology. 75 (2): 130–8. PMID 11867941.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.
- Berger A, Lang R, Moritz K; et al. (2004). "Galanin receptor subtype GalR2 mediates apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells". Endocrinology. 145 (2): 500–7. doi:10.1210/en.2003-0649. PMID 14592962.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334.
- Belfer I, Hipp H, Bollettino A; et al. (2007). "Alcoholism is associated with GALR3 but not two other galanin receptor genes". Genes Brain Behav. 6 (5): 473–81. doi:10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00275.x. PMID 17083333.
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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.