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Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STAT2gene.[1][2] It is a member of the STAT protein family.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. In response to interferon (IFN), this protein forms a complex with STAT1 and IFN regulatory factor family protein p48 (IRF9), in which this protein acts as a transactivator, but lacks the ability to bind DNA directly. Transcription adaptor P300/CBP (EP300/CREBBP) has been shown to interact specifically with this protein, which is thought to be involved in the process of blocking IFN-alpha response by adenovirus.[2]
↑Bhattacharya S, Eckner R, Grossman S, Oldread E, Arany Z, D'Andrea A, Livingston DM (Sep 1996). "Cooperation of Stat2 and p300/CBP in signalling induced by interferon-alpha". Nature. 383 (6598): 344–7. doi:10.1038/383344a0. PMID8848048.
↑Uddin S, Chamdin A, Platanias LC (Oct 1995). "Interaction of the transcriptional activator Stat-2 with the type I interferon receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (42): 24627–30. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.42.24627. PMID7559568.
↑Nguyen VP, Saleh AZ, Arch AE, Yan H, Piazza F, Kim J, Krolewski JJ (Mar 2002). "Stat2 binding to the interferon-alpha receptor 2 subunit is not required for interferon-alpha signaling". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (12): 9713–21. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111161200. PMID11786546.
↑Martinez-Moczygemba M, Gutch MJ, French DL, Reich NC (Aug 1997). "Distinct STAT structure promotes interaction of STAT2 with the p48 subunit of the interferon-alpha-stimulated transcription factor ISGF3". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (32): 20070–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.32.20070. PMID9242679.
↑Huang M, Qian F, Hu Y, Ang C, Li Z, Wen Z (Oct 2002). "Chromatin-remodelling factor BRG1 selectively activates a subset of interferon-alpha-inducible genes". Nature Cell Biology. 4 (10): 774–81. doi:10.1038/ncb855. PMID12244326.
↑Li X, Leung S, Qureshi S, Darnell JE, Stark GR (Mar 1996). "Formation of STAT1-STAT2 heterodimers and their role in the activation of IRF-1 gene transcription by interferon-alpha". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (10): 5790–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.10.5790. PMID8621447.
↑Dumler I, Kopmann A, Wagner K, Mayboroda OA, Jerke U, Dietz R, Haller H, Gulba DC (Aug 1999). "Urokinase induces activation and formation of Stat4 and Stat1-Stat2 complexes in human vascular smooth muscle cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (34): 24059–65. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.34.24059. PMID10446176.
↑Fagerlund R, Mélen K, Kinnunen L, Julkunen I (Aug 2002). "Arginine/lysine-rich nuclear localization signals mediate interactions between dimeric STATs and importin alpha 5". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (33): 30072–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202943200. PMID12048190.
Further reading
Cebulla CM, Miller DM, Sedmak DD (2000). "Viral inhibition of interferon signal transduction". Intervirology. 42 (5–6): 325–30. doi:10.1159/000053968. PMID10702714.
Kisseleva T, Bhattacharya S, Braunstein J, Schindler CW (Feb 2002). "Signaling through the JAK/STAT pathway, recent advances and future challenges". Gene. 285 (1–2): 1–24. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00398-0. PMID12039028.
Uddin S, Chamdin A, Platanias LC (Oct 1995). "Interaction of the transcriptional activator Stat-2 with the type I interferon receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (42): 24627–30. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.42.24627. PMID7559568.
Marrero MB, Schieffer B, Paxton WG, Heerdt L, Berk BC, Delafontaine P, Bernstein KE (May 1995). "Direct stimulation of Jak/STAT pathway by the angiotensin II AT1 receptor". Nature. 375 (6528): 247–50. doi:10.1038/375247a0. PMID7746328.
Sugiyama T, Nishio Y, Kishimoto T, Akira S (Mar 1996). "Identification of alternative splicing form of Stat2". FEBS Letters. 381 (3): 191–4. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00121-4. PMID8601453.
Li X, Leung S, Qureshi S, Darnell JE, Stark GR (Mar 1996). "Formation of STAT1-STAT2 heterodimers and their role in the activation of IRF-1 gene transcription by interferon-alpha". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (10): 5790–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.10.5790. PMID8621447.
Bhattacharya S, Eckner R, Grossman S, Oldread E, Arany Z, D'Andrea A, Livingston DM (Sep 1996). "Cooperation of Stat2 and p300/CBP in signalling induced by interferon-alpha". Nature. 383 (6598): 344–7. doi:10.1038/383344a0. PMID8848048.
Bluyssen HA, Levy DE (Feb 1997). "Stat2 is a transcriptional activator that requires sequence-specific contacts provided by stat1 and p48 for stable interaction with DNA". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (7): 4600–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.7.4600. PMID9020188.
Martinez-Moczygemba M, Gutch MJ, French DL, Reich NC (Aug 1997). "Distinct STAT structure promotes interaction of STAT2 with the p48 subunit of the interferon-alpha-stimulated transcription factor ISGF3". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (32): 20070–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.32.20070. PMID9242679.
Mowen K, David M (Nov 1998). "Role of the STAT1-SH2 domain and STAT2 in the activation and nuclear translocation of STAT1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (46): 30073–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.46.30073. PMID9804758.
Dumler I, Kopmann A, Wagner K, Mayboroda OA, Jerke U, Dietz R, Haller H, Gulba DC (Aug 1999). "Urokinase induces activation and formation of Stat4 and Stat1-Stat2 complexes in human vascular smooth muscle cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (34): 24059–65. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.34.24059. PMID10446176.
Paulson M, Pisharody S, Pan L, Guadagno S, Mui AL, Levy DE (Sep 1999). "Stat protein transactivation domains recruit p300/CBP through widely divergent sequences". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (36): 25343–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.36.25343. PMID10464260.
Gupta S, Jiang M, Pernis AB (Oct 1999). "IFN-alpha activates Stat6 and leads to the formation of Stat2:Stat6 complexes in B cells". Journal of Immunology. 163 (7): 3834–41. PMID10490982.
Vila-Coro AJ, Rodríguez-Frade JM, Martín De Ana A, Moreno-Ortíz MC, Martínez-A C, Mellado M (Oct 1999). "The chemokine SDF-1alpha triggers CXCR4 receptor dimerization and activates the JAK/STAT pathway". FASEB Journal. 13 (13): 1699–710. PMID10506573.