Hyperkalemia history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Hyperkalemia is an elevated blood level (above 5.0 mmol/L) of the electrolyte potassium. Hyperkalemia often has no symptoms. Occasionally, people may have the following symptoms:Irregular heartbeat, nausea, slow, weak, or absent pulse. Extreme degrees of hyperkalemia are considered a medical emergency due to the risk of potentially fatal arrhythmias.

History and Symptoms

Symptoms

Hyperkalemia often has no symptoms and the problem may be detected during screening blood tests for a medical disorder, or it only comes to medical attention after complications have developed, such as cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death.. Patients may present with the following symptoms:irregular heartbeat, nausea, slow, weak, or absent pulse. Extreme degrees of hyperkalemia are considered a medical emergency due to the risk of potentially fatal arrhythmias.

Symptoms are fairly nonspecific and may include

History

  • Dietary history - Diet with low sodium and rich in potassium such as
  • Medications history (drugs causing a decreased excretion of potassium)
    • Potassium-sparing diuretics, especially popular in the treatment of cirrhosis and congestive heart failure
    • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
    • Angiotensin receptor blockers
    • Cyclosporine or tacrolimus
    • Antibiotics, such as pentamidine or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
  • Medical history
    • Renal failure
    • Diabetes mellitus
    • Sickle cell disease or trait
    • Urinary tract obstruction - Type IV renal tubular acidosis, also called hyperkalemic renal tubular acidosis. It can be seen with polycystic kidney disease, amyloidosis and diabetes mellitus.
    • The combination of abdominal pain, hypoglycemia and hyperpigmentation, often in the context of a history of other autoimmune disorders, may be signs of Addison's disease, itself a medical emergency.

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Template:Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic pathology

de:Hyperkaliämie et:Hüperkaleemia


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