Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
File:PBB Protein PPARA image.jpg PDB rendering based on 1i7g.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: Template:Homologene2PDBe PDBe, Template:Homologene2uniprot RCSB List of PDB id codes 1i7g​, 1k7l​, 1kkq​, 2p54​
Identifiers
Symbols	PPARA ; MGC2237; MGC2452; NR1C1; PPAR; hPPAR
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 21047
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
File:PBB GE PPARA 206870 at tn.png
File:PBB GE PPARA gnf1h00859 at tn.png
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha), also known as NR1C1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 1), is a nuclear receptor protein encoded by the PPARA gene.

Peroxisome proliferators receptor ligands include hypolipidemic drugs, herbicides, leukotriene antagonists, and plasticizers; this term arises because they induce an increase in the size and number of peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles found in plants and animals that contain enzymes for respiration and for cholesterol and lipid metabolism. The action of peroxisome proliferators is thought to be mediated via specific receptors, called PPARs, which belong to the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. PPARs affect the expression of target genes involved in cell proliferation, cell differentiation and in immune and inflammation responses. Three closely related subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma) have been identified. This gene encodes the subtype PPAR-alpha, which is a nuclear transcription factor. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene, although the full-length nature of only two has been determined.

See also

• Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

Further reading

• Berger J, Moller DE (2002). "The mechanisms of action of PPARs". Annu. Rev. Med. 53: 409–35. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.104018. PMID 11818483.
• Kuenzli S, Saurat JH (2003). "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in cutaneous biology". Br. J. Dermatol. 149 (2): 229–36. PMID 12932225.
• Mandard S, Müller M, Kersten S (2004). "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha target genes". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 61 (4): 393–416. doi:10.1007/s00018-003-3216-3. PMID 14999402.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• van Raalte DH, Li M, Pritchard PH, Wasan KM (2005). "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha: a pharmacological target with a promising future". Pharm. Res. 21 (9): 1531–8. PMID 15497675.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Lefebvre P, Chinetti G, Fruchart JC, Staels B (2006). "Sorting out the roles of PPAR alpha in energy metabolism and vascular homeostasis". J. Clin. Invest. 116 (3): 571–80. doi:10.1172/JCI27989. PMID 16511589.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Sher T, Yi HF, McBride OW, Gonzalez FJ (1993). "cDNA cloning, chromosomal mapping, and functional characterization of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor". Biochemistry. 32 (21): 5598–604. PMID 7684926.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Mukherjee R, Jow L, Noonan D, McDonnell DP (1995). "Human and rat peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) demonstrate similar tissue distribution but different responsiveness to PPAR activators". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 51 (3–4): 157–66. PMID 7981125.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Miyata KS, McCaw SE, Patel HV; et al. (1996). "The orphan nuclear hormone receptor LXR alpha interacts with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and inhibits peroxisome proliferator signaling". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (16): 9189–92. PMID 8621574.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Chu R, Lin Y, Rao MS, Reddy JK (1996). "Cloning and identification of rat deoxyuridine triphosphatase as an inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (44): 27670–6. PMID 8910358.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Tugwood JD, Aldridge TC, Lambe KG; et al. (1997). "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: structures and function". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 804: 252–65. PMID 8993548.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Li H, Gomes PJ, Chen JD (1997). "RAC3, a steroid/nuclear receptor-associated coactivator that is related to SRC-1 and TIF2". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (16): 8479–84. PMID 9238002.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Dowell P, Ishmael JE, Avram D; et al. (1998). "p300 functions as a coactivator for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (52): 33435–43. PMID 9407140.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Inoue I, Shino K, Noji S; et al. (1998). "Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) in primary cultures of human vascular endothelial cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 246 (2): 370–4. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8622. PMID 9610365.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Treuter E, Albrektsen T, Johansson L; et al. (1998). "A regulatory role for RIP140 in nuclear receptor activation". Mol. Endocrinol. 12 (6): 864–81. PMID 9626662.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Rubino D, Driggers P, Arbit D; et al. (1998). "Characterization of Brx, a novel Dbl family member that modulates estrogen receptor action". Oncogene. 16 (19): 2513–26. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201783. PMID 9627117.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Yuan CX, Ito M, Fondell JD; et al. (1998). "The TRAP220 component of a thyroid hormone receptor- associated protein (TRAP) coactivator complex interacts directly with nuclear receptors in a ligand-dependent fashion". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (14): 7939–44. PMID 9653119.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Chinetti G, Griglio S, Antonucci M; et al. (1998). "Activation of proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma induces apoptosis of human monocyte-derived macrophages". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (40): 25573–80. PMID 9748221.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Costet P, Legendre C, Moré J; et al. (1998). "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-isoform deficiency leads to progressive dyslipidemia with sexually dimorphic obesity and steatosis". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (45): 29577–85. PMID 9792666.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Masuda N, Yasumo H, Furusawa T; et al. (1998). "Nuclear receptor binding factor-1 (NRBF-1), a protein interacting with a wide spectrum of nuclear hormone receptors". Gene. 221 (2): 225–33. PMID 9795230.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Ellinghaus P, Wolfrum C, Assmann G; et al. (1999). "Phytanic acid activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) in sterol carrier protein 2-/ sterol carrier protein x-deficient mice". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (5): 2766–72. PMID 9915808.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.