Erythema
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Erythema is redness of the skin caused by capillary congestion. It can be caused by infection, massage, electrical treatments, acne medication, allergies, exercise or solar radiation (sunburn), and waxing and plucking of the hairs any of which can cause the capillaries to dilate, resulting in redness. Erythema is a common side effect of radiotherapy treatment due to patient exposure to ionizing radiation.
Causes
It can be caused by infection, massage, electrical treatment, acne medication, allergies, exercise, solar radiation (sunburn), cutaneous radiation syndrome, niacin administration, vitamin A toxicity, or waxing and tweezing of the hairs—any of which can cause the capillaries to dilate, resulting in redness. Erythema is a common side effect of radiotherapy treatment due to patient exposure to ionizing radiation. Circumoral erythema has been described as a typical sign of acute oleander poisoning by ingestion.
Common Causes
- Atopic dermatitis
- Chickenpox
- Contact dermatitis
- Fifth disease
- Hand-foot-mouth disease
- Impetigo
- Insect bites or stings
- Kawasaki disease
- Lupus erythematosus
- Measles
- Psoriasis
- Roseola
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Rubella
- Scarlet fever
- Seborrheic dermatitis
- Shingles
- Perianal abscess
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
Associated conditions
- Erythema ab igne
- Erythema annulare centrifugum
- Erythema chromicum figuratum
- Erythema chronicum migrans
- Erythema craquele
- Erythema dyschromicum perstans
- Erythema elevatum diutinum
- Erythema gyratum perstans
- Erythema gyratum repens
- Erythema induratum
- Erythema infectiosum
- Erythema marginatum
- Erythema migrans
- Erythema multiforme
- Erythema nodosum
- Erythema toxicum neonatorum
In about 30-50% of cases, the cause of Erythema is unknown.
Differentiating Erythema from Other Diseases
Different rash-like conditions can be confused with erythema and are thus included in its differential diagnosis. The various conditions that should be differentiated from erythema include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
Disease | Features |
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Impetigo | |
Insect bites |
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Kawasaki disease |
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Measles |
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Monkeypox |
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Rubella |
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Atypical measles |
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Coxsackievirus |
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Acne |
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Syphilis | It commonly presents with gneralized systemic symptoms such as malaise, fatigue, headache and fever. Skin eruptions may be subtle and asymptomatic It is classically described as:
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Molluscum contagiosum |
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Mononucleosis |
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Toxic erythema | |
Rat-bite fever | |
Parvovirus B19 | |
Cytomegalovirus |
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Scarlet fever |
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome |
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Varicella-zoster virus | |
Chickenpox |
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Meningococcemia | |
Rickettsial pox | |
Meningitis |
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See also
Pathological Findings
External links
- ↑ Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G (2014). "Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment". Am Fam Physician. 90 (4): 229–35. PMID 25250996.
- ↑ Mehta N, Chen KK, Kroumpouzos G (2016). "Skin disease in pregnancy: The approach of the obstetric medicine physician". Clin Dermatol. 34 (3): 320–6. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.003. PMID 27265069.
- ↑ Moore, Zack S; Seward, Jane F; Lane, J Michael (2006). "Smallpox". The Lancet. 367 (9508): 425–435. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Ibrahim F, Khan T, Pujalte GG (2015). "Bacterial Skin Infections". Prim Care. 42 (4): 485–99. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.001. PMID 26612370.
- ↑ Ramoni S, Boneschi V, Cusini M (2016). "Syphilis as "the great imitator": a case of impetiginoid syphiloderm". Int J Dermatol. 55 (3): e162–3. doi:10.1111/ijd.13072. PMID 26566601.
- ↑ Kimura U, Yokoyama K, Hiruma M, Kano R, Takamori K, Suga Y (2015). "Tinea faciei caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (molecular type Arthroderma benhamiae ) mimics impetigo : a case report and literature review of cases in Japan". Med Mycol J. 56 (1): E1–5. doi:10.3314/mmj.56.E1. PMID 25855021.
- ↑ CEDEF (2012). "[Item 87--Mucocutaneous bacterial infections]". Ann Dermatol Venereol. 139 (11 Suppl): A32–9. doi:10.1016/j.annder.2012.01.002. PMID 23176858.