Pericarditis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2] Ahmed Zaghw, M.D. [3]

Overview

Pericarditis can present as a disorder primarily involving the pericardium (e.g viral etiologies), or as a manifestation of a systemic illness (e.g. autoimmune illnesses), or as a manifestation of a disorder involving an adjacent anatomic structure (e.g. neoplastic). The majority of patients are not found to have an identifiable cause of pericardial disease. Frequently such cases are presumed to have a viral or autoimmune etiology. The most common viral infections causing pericarditis are reported to be coxsackievirus and echovirus, while histoplasmosis is the most common cause of fungal pericarditis in patients with an intact immune system. Pericarditis is most likely to occur in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Acute myocardial infarction, aortic rupture, benign obstruction of thoracic duct, dissecting aortic aneurysm, Dresslers syndrome, endocarditis, myocardial rupture, myocarditis
Chemical / poisoning	Scombrotoxic fish poisoning
Dermatologic	Behcet syndrome
Drug Side Effect	Aminosalicylic acid, amiodarone, anticoagulants, bromocriptine, cromolyn sodium, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dantrolene, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, Doxycycline, 5-fluorouracil, hydantoin, hydralazine, isoniazid, mesalazine, methyldopa, methysergide, minoxidil, penicillin, Pergolide, phenylbutazone, practolol, pramipexole, procainamide, procainamide, reserpine, ropinirole, streptokinase, streptomycin, sulfa drugs, Thalidomide, thiazides, thiouracil, thrombolytics, tocainide
Ear Nose Throat	Temporal arteritis
Endocrine	Addisonian crisis, hypothyroidism, myxedema
Environmental	Asbestosis, polytetrafluoroethylene inhalation, silicosis
Gastroenterologic	Inflammatory bowel disease, Whipple's disease
Genetic	Gaucher disease, Jacobs arthropathy-camptodactyly syndrome, Mulibrey nanism syndrome, recurrent hereditary polyserositis
Hematologic	Leukemia, lymphoma
Iatrogenic	Cardiac catheterization, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, cathether ablation for arrhythmias, coronary artery bypass grafting, dialysis, heart surgery, pacemaker syndrome, percutaneous coronary intervention, postpericardiotomy syndrome, radiation therapy, TAVI, thoracic surgery, vaccines (smallpox, yellow fever), valvuloplasty
Infectious Disease	Actinomycosis, adenovirus, alveolar hydatid disease, amebiasis, aspergillus, blastomycosis, borrelia, brucellosis, candida, chlamydia psittaci, coccidiomycosis, coxsackie B virus, cytomegalovirus, E.coli, EBV, echinococcus, ECHO virus, entamoeba histolytica, francisella, haemophilus influenza, hepatitis B, herpes viruses, histoplasmosis, HIV, infectious mononucleosis, influenza, klebsiella, legionella, Lyme disease, meningococci, mumps, mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycoplasma, neisseria, nocardia, pneumococcus, proteus, pseudomonas, rickettsia, salmonella, staphylococcus, streptococcus, toxoplasmosis, tularemia, ureaplasma, varicella
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Ankylosing spondylitis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, Reiter's Syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, Still's disease
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Angioma, breast cancer, carcinoid, fibroma, Kaposi's sarcoma, leiomyoma, leukemia, lipoma, lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, mesothelioma, neoplasia that has spread to the pericardium, ovarian cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma, sarcoma, Sipple syndrome, teratoma
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Lung cancer, pneumonia, sarcoidosis
Renal / Electrolyte	Uremic pericarditis
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Acute rheumatic fever, amyloidosis, ankylosing spondylitis, Behcet syndrome, Dressler's syndrome, familial mediterranean fever, inflammatory bowel disease, Kawasaki disease, mixed connective tissue disease, polyarteritis nodosa, polymyositis, Reiter's Syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, Still's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, temporal arteritis, Wegener's granulomatosis
Sexual	Neisseria gonorrhoeae, treponema pallidum
Trauma	Blunt or penetrating chest trauma, esophageal rupture, esophogeal perforation, gastric perforation, pancreatic-pericardial fistula
Urologic	Renal failure, uremia
Miscellaneous	Idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

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