Ascites causes: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Ascites is a gastroenterological term for an excess accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Life threatening causes are [[acute liver failure]], [[hepatic failure]], and [[hepatorenal syndrome]]. Common causes are [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]], [[malignancy]], and [[cirrhosis]].
Life-threatening causes of ascites are [[acute liver failure]], [[hepatic failure]], and [[hepatorenal syndrome]]. Common causes of ascites are [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]], [[malignancy]], and [[cirrhosis]]. Less common causes of ascites are the conditions which may lead to fetal ascites, neonatal ascites, and infantile ascites.


==Causes==
==Causes==
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=== Less common causes ===
=== Less common causes ===


==== Causes of fetal ascites<ref name="pmid2164662">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sun CC, Keene CL, Nagey DA |title=Hepatic fibrosis in congenital cytomegalovirus infection: with fetal ascites and pulmonary hypoplasia |journal=Pediatr Pathol |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=641–6 |year=1990 |pmid=2164662 |doi= |url=}}</ref> ====
==== Causes of fetal ascites<ref name="pmid2164662">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sun CC, Keene CL, Nagey DA |title=Hepatic fibrosis in congenital cytomegalovirus infection: with fetal ascites and pulmonary hypoplasia |journal=Pediatr Pathol |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=641–6 |year=1990 |pmid=2164662 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2997019">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stocker JT |title=Congenital cytomegalovirus infection presenting as massive ascites with secondary pulmonary hypoplasia |journal=Hum. Pathol. |volume=16 |issue=11 |pages=1173–5 |year=1985 |pmid=2997019 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9732503">{{cite journal |vauthors=Patton WL, Lutz AM, Willmann JK, Callen P, Barkovich AJ, Gooding CA |title=Systemic spread of meconium peritonitis |journal=Pediatr Radiol |volume=28 |issue=9 |pages=714–6 |year=1998 |pmid=9732503 |doi=10.1007/s002470050449 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7472957">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dirkes K, Crombleholme TM, Craigo SD, Latchaw LA, Jacir NN, Harris BH, D'Alton ME |title=The natural history of meconium peritonitis diagnosed in utero |journal=J. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=30 |issue=7 |pages=979–82 |year=1995 |pmid=7472957 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20389051">{{cite journal |vauthors=Son M, Walsh CA, Baxi LV |title=Prenatal diagnosis of urinary ascites in a fetus with meningomyelocele |journal=Fetal. Diagn. Ther. |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=61–4 |year=2010 |pmid=20389051 |doi=10.1159/000312405 |url=}}</ref> ====
* [[Gastrointestinal disorders]]  
* [[Gastrointestinal disorders]]  
** [[Meconium peritonitis]]
** [[Meconium peritonitis]]
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** [[Idiopathic]]  
** [[Idiopathic]]  


==== Causes of neonatal ascites ====
==== Causes of neonatal ascites<ref name="SpriggsBrantley1977">{{cite journal|last1=Spriggs|first1=DW|last2=Brantley|first2=RE|title=Thoracic and abdominal extravasation: a complication of hyperalimentation in infants|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=128|issue=3|year=1977|pages=419–422|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/ajr.128.3.419}}</ref><ref name="pmid6701064">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hepworth RC, Milstein JM |title=The transected urachus: an unusual cause of neonatal ascites |journal=Pediatrics |volume=73 |issue=3 |pages=397–400 |year=1984 |pmid=6701064 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18172830">{{cite journal |vauthors=Keller M, Scholl-Buergi S, Sergi C, Theurl I, Weiss G, Unsinn KM, Trawöger R |title=An unusual case of intrauterine symptomatic neonatal liver failure |journal=Klin Padiatr |volume=220 |issue=1 |pages=32–6 |year=2008 |pmid=18172830 |doi=10.1055/s-2007-970591 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid6420531">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gillan JE, Lowden JA, Gaskin K, Cutz E |title=Congenital ascites as a presenting sign of lysosomal storage disease |journal=J. Pediatr. |volume=104 |issue=2 |pages=225–31 |year=1984 |pmid=6420531 |doi= |url=}}</ref>====
* [[Hepatobiliary disease|Hepatobiliary disorders]]  
* [[Hepatobiliary disease|Hepatobiliary disorders]]  
** [[Cirrhosis]]  
** [[Cirrhosis]]  
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** [[Idiopathic]]
** [[Idiopathic]]


==== Causes of infants and children ====
==== Causes of infants and children ascites<ref name="pmid11465792">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gil Z, Beni-Adani L, Siomin V, Nagar H, Dvir R, Constantini S |title=Ascites following ventriculoperitoneal shunting in children with chiasmatic-hypothalamic glioma |journal=Childs Nerv Syst |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=395–8 |year=2001 |pmid=11465792 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3054040">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goodman GM, Gourley GR |title=Ascites complicating ventriculoperitoneal shunts |journal=J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=780–2 |year=1988 |pmid=3054040 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19898601">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zegarra A, García C, Piscoya A, de Los Ríos R, Luis Pinto J, Mayo N, Huerta-Mercado J |title=[Eosinophilic enteritis as a rare cause of ascites: case report] |language=Spanish; Castilian |journal=Rev Gastroenterol Peru |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=272–5 |year=2009 |pmid=19898601 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid6391392">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caine Y, Deckelbaum RJ, Weizman Z, Lijovetsky G, Schiller M |title=Congenital hepatic fibrosis--unusual presentations |journal=Arch. Dis. Child. |volume=59 |issue=11 |pages=1094–6 |year=1984 |pmid=6391392 |pmc=1628818 |doi= |url=}}</ref> ====
* [[Hepato-biliary diseases|Hepatobiliary disorders]]  
* [[Hepato-biliary diseases|Hepatobiliary disorders]]  
** [[Cirrhosis]]  
** [[Cirrhosis]]  
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** [[Lymphoma]]
** [[Lymphoma]]
** [[Wilms tumor|Wilm tumor]]
** [[Wilms tumor|Wilm tumor]]
** Clear cell renal sarcoma
** Clear cell renal [[sarcoma]]
** [[Glioma]]
** [[Glioma]]
** [[Germ cell tumor]]
** [[Germ cell tumor]]
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita|Cutis marmota telangictatica congenita]]
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C|Niemann-Pick type C]]
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Bladder]] injury from [[umbilical artery]] [[catheterization]]
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Vitamin A Overdose|Vitamin A toxicity]]
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Maternal]]/fetal [[abuse]]
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
| bgcolor="Beige" |  
Chronic [[bacterial]] [[infection]], [[Erythroblastosis fetalis]], [[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]], [[Eosinophilic]] [[peritonitis]], [[Hemolytic disease of the newborn]], [[Hemolytic anemia]],
Chronic [[bacterial]] [[infection]], [[Erythroblastosis fetalis]], [[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]], [[Eosinophilic]] [[peritonitis]], [[Hemolytic disease of the newborn]], [[Hemolytic anemia]], [[Hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency]], [[Hepatoma]], [[Immunoproliferative diseases]], [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
[[Hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency]], [[Hepatoma]], [[Immunoproliferative diseases]], [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Posterior urethral valves]], [[Ureterocele]], [[Ureteral disease|Lower ureteral stenosis]], [[Ureteral]] [[atresia]], [[Imperforate hymen]], [[Bladder rupture]]
|-
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{Columns-list|3|
{{Columns-list|3|
* [[Abdominal trauma]]
* [[Acute appendicitis]]
* [[Acute  liver failure]]  
* [[Acute  liver failure]]  
* [[Acute  pancreatitis]]  
* [[Acute  pancreatitis]]  
* [[Acyclovir]]  
* [[Acyclovir]]  
* [[Alcoholic  hepatitis]]  
* [[Alcoholic  hepatitis]]  
* [[Alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency|Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency]]
* [[Alcoholic liver  disease]]  
* [[Alcoholic liver  disease]]  
* [[Alveolar hydatid  disease]]
* [[Alveolar hydatid  disease]]
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* [[Angiosarcoma]] of the [[liver]]
* [[Angiosarcoma]] of the [[liver]]
* [[Arteriovenous  fistula]]
* [[Arteriovenous  fistula]]
* [[Arrhythmia]]
* [[Ascending  cholangitis]]  
* [[Ascending  cholangitis]]  
* [[Banti's  Syndrome]]  
* [[Banti's  Syndrome]]
* [[Bile duct]] [[perforation]]
* [[Bilharzia]]
* [[Bilharzia]]
* [[Biliary atresia]]  
* [[Biliary atresia]]  
* [[Biliary fistula]]  
* [[Biliary fistula]]  
* [[Bladder cancer]]
* [[Bladder cancer]]
* [[Bladder]] injury from [[umbilical artery]] [[catheterization]]
* [[Bladder rupture]]       
* [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]  
* [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]  
* [[Cardiac  amyloidosis]]  
* [[Cardiac  amyloidosis]]  
* [[Cardiomegaly]]  
* [[Cardiomegaly]]  
* [[Cardiomyopathy]]  
* [[Cardiomyopathy]]  
* [[Celiac disease]]
* [[Cholangiocarcinoma]]  
* [[Cholangiocarcinoma]]  
* [[Cholecystitis]]  
* [[Cholecystitis]]  
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* [[Cholesterol  pericarditis]]  
* [[Cholesterol  pericarditis]]  
* [[Chronic]] [[bacterial  infection]]
* [[Chronic]] [[bacterial  infection]]
* [[Chronic granulomatous disease]]
* [[Chronic hepatitis]]
* [[Chronic hepatitis]]
* [[Chronic viral hepatitis]]
* [[Chronic viral hepatitis]]
* [[Chylous ascites]]  
* [[Chylous ascites]]  
* [[Cirrhosis of liver]]
* [[Cirrhosis]]  
* [[Cirrhosis]]  
* Clear cell renal sarcoma
* [[Colorectal cancer]]
* [[Colorectal cancer]]
* [[Congenital]] [[liver]] [[fibrosis]]  
* [[Congenital disorders of glycosylation]]
* [[Congenital]] [[liver]] [[fibrosis]]  
* [[Congestive heart  failure]]  
* [[Congestive heart  failure]]  
* [[Constrictive  pericarditis]]  
* [[Constrictive  pericarditis]]  
* [[Cor pulmonale]]  
* [[Cor pulmonale]]  
* [[Crigler-Najjar  syndrome]]
* [[Crigler-Najjar  syndrome]]
* [[Crohn disease]]
* [[Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita|Cutis marmota telangictatica congenita]]
* [[Cystic fibrosis|Cystic fibrosis]]
* [[Mesothelioma|Cystic mesothelioma]]
* [[Cytomegalovirus  infection|cytomegalovirus]]
* [[Cytomegalovirus  infection|cytomegalovirus]]
* [[Desmoplastic small round  cell tumor]]
* [[Desmoplastic small round  cell tumor]]
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* [[Fitz-Hugh-Curtis  syndrome]]
* [[Fitz-Hugh-Curtis  syndrome]]
* [[Fulminant liver  failure]]  
* [[Fulminant liver  failure]]  
* [[Germ cell tumor]]
* [[Gilbert's syndrome]]
* [[Gilbert's syndrome]]
* [[Glioma]]
* [[Granulomatous  peritonitis]]  
* [[Granulomatous  peritonitis]]  
* [[Heart failure]]  
* [[Heart failure]]  
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* [[Hemolytic anemia]]
* [[Hemolytic anemia]]
* [[Hemolytic disease of the  newborn]]
* [[Hemolytic disease of the  newborn]]
* [[Henoch-Schonlein purpura]]
* [[Hepatic failure]]  
* [[Hepatic failure]]  
* [[Hepatic venoocclusive  disease with immunodeficiency]]
* [[Hepatic venoocclusive  disease with immunodeficiency]]
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* [[Herpes simplex|herpes  simplex infection]]
* [[Herpes simplex|herpes  simplex infection]]
* [[Hookworm disease]]
* [[Hookworm disease]]
* [[Hydronephrosis]]
* [[Hypervolemia]]
* [[Hypervolemia]]
* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
* [[Hypothyroidism]]
* [[Hypothyroidism]]
* [[Idiopathic liver  cirrhosis]]  
* [[Idiopathic liver  cirrhosis]]  
* [[Imperforate hymen]] 
* [[Immunoproliferative  diseases]]
* [[Immunoproliferative  diseases]]
* [[Inferior vena cava  syndrome]]  
* [[Inferior vena cava  syndrome]]  
* [[Inferior vena cava  web]]  
* [[Inferior vena cava  web]] * [[Intestinal atresia]]
* [[Intestinal malrotation]]
* [[Lymphangiectasia|Intestinal lymphangiectasia]]
* Intravenous [[vitamin E]]
* [[Intussusception]]  
* [[Kaposiform  hemangio-endothelioma]]
* [[Kaposiform  hemangio-endothelioma]]
* [[Krukenberg  tumor]]  
* [[Krukenberg  tumor]]  
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* [[Liver cirrhosis]]
* [[Liver cirrhosis]]
* [[Liver damage]]  
* [[Liver damage]]  
* [[Liver transplantation]]
* [[Loeffler syndrome]]
* [[Loeffler syndrome]]
* [[Lung cancer]]
* [[Lung cancer]]
* [[Lymphangioma]]  
* [[Lymphangioma]]  
* [[Lymphatic System|Lymphatic duct]] obstruction
* [[Lymphatic system|Lymphatic duct]] trauma
* [[Lymphatic  obstruction]]
* [[Lymphatic  obstruction]]
* [[Lymphoma]]
* [[Lysosomal storage diseases|Lysosomal storage disease]]
* [[Malaria]]
* [[Malaria]]
* [[Mastocytosis]]  
* [[Mastocytosis]]  
* [[Maternal]]/fetal [[abuse]]
* [[Meconium peritonitis]]
* [[Meig's syndrome]]
* [[Meig's syndrome]]
* [[Ménétrier's  disease]]  
* [[Ménétrier's  disease]]  
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* [[Metastasis]]
* [[Metastasis]]
* [[Mirror syndrome]]
* [[Mirror syndrome]]
* [[Mosse syndrome]]  
* [[Mosse syndrome]]
* [[Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C|Niemann-Pick type C]]
* [[Neonatal hemochromatosis]]  
* [[Neonatal  hepatitis]]  
* [[Neonatal  hepatitis]]  
* [[Nephrotic syndrome]]
* [[Nephrotic syndrome]]
* [[Neuroblastoma]]
* [[Nodular]] regenerative  [[hyperplasia]] of the [[liver]]  
* [[Nodular]] regenerative  [[hyperplasia]] of the [[liver]]  
* [[Nutmeg liver]]  
* [[Nutmeg liver]]  
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* [[Obliterative portal  venopathy]]  
* [[Obliterative portal  venopathy]]  
* [[Obstructive  jaundice]]  
* [[Obstructive  jaundice]]  
* [[Obstructive uropathy]] 
* Omental cyst
* [[Ovarian cyst]]
* [[Ovarian cancer]]
* [[Ovarian cancer]]
* [[Ovarian  hyperstimulation syndrome]]
* [[Ovarian  hyperstimulation syndrome]]
* [[Pancreatic cancer]]
* [[Pancreatic cancer]]
* [[Pancreatic  fistula]]  
* [[Pancreatic  fistula]]  
* [[Pancreatitis]]
* [[Parenteral nutrition]] [[extravasation]]
* [[Parvovirus]]
* [[Pelvic]] region [[cancers]]
* [[Pelvic]] region [[cancers]]
* [[Pericarditis]]  
* [[Pericarditis]]  
* [[Peritonitis]]  
* [[Peritonitis]]  
* [[Peritoneal dialysis]] 
* [[Persistent cloaca]]
* [[POEMS syndrome]]
* [[POEMS syndrome]]
* [[Polycystic kidney disease]]
* [[Portal  hypertension]]  
* [[Portal  hypertension]]  
* [[Portal hypertension]] in  [[schistosomiasis]]
* [[Portal hypertension]] in  [[schistosomiasis]]
* [[Portal vein  occlusion]]  
* [[Portal vein  occlusion]]  
* [[Portal vein  thrombosis]]  
* [[Portal vein  thrombosis]]  
* [[Portal venous system|Portal venous]] [[malformation]]
* [[Poststreptococcal  glomerulonephritis]]
* [[Poststreptococcal  glomerulonephritis]]
* [[Posterior urethral valves]] 
* [[Pramipexole]]  
* [[Pramipexole]]  
* [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]]
* [[Primary biliary cirrhosis]]
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* [[Pseudomyxoma peritonei]]
* [[Pseudomyxoma peritonei]]
* [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
* [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
* [[Pylorus|Pyloric]] duplication
* [[Right heart  failure]]  
* [[Right heart  failure]]  
* [[Rotor's syndrome]]
* [[Rotor's syndrome]]
* [[Rubella|Rubella virus  infection]]
* [[Rubella|Rubella virus  infection]]
* Ruptured [[Corpus luteum|corpus luteum cyst]]
* [[Hamartoma|Ruptured mesenchymal hamartoma]]
* [[Schistosomiasis]]
* [[Schistosomiasis]]
* [[Schistosomiasis|hepatosplenic  schistosomiasis]]
* [[Schistosomiasis|hepatosplenic  schistosomiasis]]
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* [[Strongyloidiasis]]
* [[Strongyloidiasis]]
* [[Budd-Chiari syndrome|Stuartbras disease]]
* [[Budd-Chiari syndrome|Stuartbras disease]]
* [[Small intestine|Small intestinal]] or [[Colon (anatomy)|colonic]] [[atresia]]
* [[Syphilis|liver disease in  syphilis]]
* [[Syphilis|liver disease in  syphilis]]
* [[Systemic lupus  erythematosus]]
* [[Systemic lupus  erythematosus]]
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* [[Tricuspid  stenosis]]  
* [[Tricuspid  stenosis]]  
* [[Tricuspid valve  disease|tricuspid valve disease]]  
* [[Tricuspid valve  disease|tricuspid valve disease]]  
* [[Trisomy]]
* [[Tuberculosis]]
* [[Tuberculosis]]
* [[Tuberculous  pericarditis]]  
* [[Tuberculous  pericarditis]]  
* [[Tuberculous peritonitis]]
* [[Tuberculous peritonitis]]
* [[Tularemia]]
* [[Tularemia]]
* [[Turner syndrome]]
* [[Ureterocele]] 
* [[Ureteral disease|Lower ureteral stenosis]] 
* [[Ureteral]] [[atresia]]
* [[Veno-occlusive  disease]]  
* [[Veno-occlusive  disease]]  
* [[Ventriculoperitoneal  shunt]]  
* [[Ventriculoperitoneal  shunt]]  
* [[Vitamin A Overdose|Vitamin A toxicity]]
* [[VLCAD deficiency]]
* [[VLCAD deficiency]]
* [[Volvulus]]
* [[WAGR syndrome]]
* [[WAGR syndrome]]
* [[Waldmann disease]]
* [[Waldmann disease]]
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* [[Wilms tumor]]
* [[Wilms tumor]]
* [[Wilson's Disease]]
* [[Wilson's Disease]]
* [[Wolman disease]]
* [[Yellow fever|yellow fever  virus infection]]
* [[Yellow fever|yellow fever  virus infection]]
* [[Yolk sac tumor]]
* [[Yolk sac tumor]]
}}
}}


===Fetal Ascites===
Causes of fetal ascites include:<ref name="pmid7899269">{{cite journal |author=Zelop C, Benacerraf BR |title=The causes and natural history of fetal ascites |journal=Prenat. Diagn. |volume=14 |issue=10 |pages=941–6 |year=1994 |month=October |pmid=7899269 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*[[Urinary ascites]]
*Bowel rupture (i.e. [[meconium peritonitis]])
*[[ovarian cyst|Ruptured ovarian cyst]]
*[[Hydrops]]
*[[Pseudoascites]]
*[[Infection]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category: Medicine]]
[[Category: Up-To-Date]]
[[Category: Gastroenterology]]
[[Category: Hepatology]]
[[Category: Emergency medicine]]


{{WH}}
{{WH}}
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{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 12:29, 12 February 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2], M.Umer Tariq [3], Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [4]

Overview

Life-threatening causes of ascites are acute liver failure, hepatic failure, and hepatorenal syndrome. Common causes of ascites are Budd-Chiari syndrome, malignancy, and cirrhosis. Less common causes of ascites are the conditions which may lead to fetal ascites, neonatal ascites, and infantile ascites.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Less common causes

Causes of fetal ascites[1][2][3][4][5]

Causes of neonatal ascites[6][7][8][9]

Causes of infants and children ascites[10][11][12][13]

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Arteriovenous fistula, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Cardiac amyloidosis, Cardiomegaly, Cardiomyopathy, Cholesterol pericarditis, Congestive heart failure, Constrictive pericarditis, Congestive heart failure, Constrictive pericarditis, Tuberculous pericarditis, Chylous ascites, Cor pulmonale, Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis, Endomyocardial fibrosis, Heart failure, Inferior vena cava web, Lymphatic obstruction, Lymphangioma, Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma, Inferior vena cava syndrome, Pericarditis, Right heart failure, Tricuspid insufficiency, Tricuspid regurgitation, Tricuspid stenosis, Tricuspid valve disease, Veno-occlusive disease, Ventriculoperitoneal shunt, Waldmann disease.
Chemical / poisoning No underlying causes
Dermatologic Cutis marmota telangictatica congenita
Drug Side Effect Acyclovir, Mercaptopurine, Pramipexole, Thalidomide
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Hypothyroidism, Thyroxine deficiency, Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Acute liver failure, Acute pancreatitis, Alcoholic hepatitis, Alcoholic liver disease, Ascending cholangitis, Biliary atresia, Biliary fistula, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Cholangiocarcinoma, Cholecystitis, Cholelithiasis, Chronic hepatitis,Cirrhosis, Colorectal cancer, Congenital liver fibrosis, End stage liver failure, Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, Esophageal cancer, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, Fulminant liver failure, Granulomatous peritonitis, Hemochromatosis, Hepatic failure, Hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency, Hepatitis, Hepato-biliary diseases, Idiopathic liver cirrhosis, Krukenberg tumor, Liver cancer, Liver damage, Ménétrier's disease, Mosse syndrome, Neonatal hepatitis, Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver, Nutmeg liver, Obliterative portal venopathy, Obstructive jaundice, Pancreatic cancer, Pancreatic fistula, Peritonitis, Portal hypertension, Portal vein occlusion, Portal vein thrombosis, Primary biliary cirrhosis, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Pseudomyxoma peritonei, Secondary biliary cirrhosis, Severe hepatitis, Stomach cancer, Tuberculous peritonitis, Waldmann disease, Whipple disease
Genetic Niemann-Pick type C
Hematologic Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, Banti's Syndrome, Budd-chiari syndrome, Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis, Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, Erythroblastosis fetalis , Extramedullary haemopoiesis, Hemolytic disease of the newborn, Mastocytosis, Mosse syndrome, Tang Hsi Ryu syndrome
Iatrogenic Bladder injury from umbilical artery catheterization
Infectious Disease

Alveolar hydatid disease, Amebiasis, Bilharzia, Chronic hepatitis, Chronic viral hepatitis, cytomegalovirus, Echinococcosis, Epstein Barr virus, Filariasis, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, acute hepatitis A, Acute hepatitis B, Acute hepatitis C, Acute Hepatitis D, Acute hepatitis E, Herpes simplex infection, Hookworm disease, Kaposiform hemangio-endothelioma, Leptospirosis, Malaria, Portal hypertension in schistosomiasis, Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, Rubella virus infection,Schistosomiasis, Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, Sleeping sickness, Strongyloidiasis, Stuartbras disease, liver disease in syphilis, Toxoplasmosis, Tuberculosis, Tuberculous peritonitis, Tularemia, Whipple disease, Yellow fever virus infection

Musculoskeletal / Ortho No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic

Crigler-Najjar syndrome, Dubin-Johnson syndrome, Gilbert's syndrome, Hemochromatosis, Hypoalbuminemia, Kwashiorkor, Rotor's syndrome, VLCAD deficiency, Wilson's Disease

Obstetric/Gynecologic

Meigs' syndrome, Mirror syndrome

Oncologic

Anasarca, Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, Angiosarcoma of the liver, Bladder cancer, Cholangiocarcinoma, Cirrhosis of liver, Colorectal cancer, Desmoplastic small round cell tumor, Esophageal cancer, Liver cancer, Liver cirrhosis, Lung cancer, Meig's syndrome, Metastasis, Ovarian cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Pelvic region cancers, Pseudomyxoma peritonei, Stomach cancer, WAGR syndrome, Wilms tumor, Yolk sac tumor,

Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Vitamin A toxicity
Psychiatric Maternal/fetal abuse
Pulmonary

Cor pulmonale, Lung cancer, Mesothelioma, Nephrotic syndrome, Pulmonary hypertension

Renal / Electrolyte

Hepatorenal syndrome, Nephrotic syndrome

Rheum / Immune / Allergy

Chronic bacterial infection, Erythroblastosis fetalis, Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, Eosinophilic peritonitis, Hemolytic disease of the newborn, Hemolytic anemia, Hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency, Hepatoma, Immunoproliferative diseases, Primary biliary cirrhosis, Systemic lupus erythematosus

Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Bladder rupture
Urologic Posterior urethral valves, Ureterocele, Lower ureteral stenosis, Ureteral atresia, Imperforate hymen, Bladder rupture
Miscellaneous

Hypervolemia, Idiopathic, Metastasis, Obesity hypoventilation syndrome, POEMS syndrome

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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References

  1. Sun CC, Keene CL, Nagey DA (1990). "Hepatic fibrosis in congenital cytomegalovirus infection: with fetal ascites and pulmonary hypoplasia". Pediatr Pathol. 10 (4): 641–6. PMID 2164662.
  2. Stocker JT (1985). "Congenital cytomegalovirus infection presenting as massive ascites with secondary pulmonary hypoplasia". Hum. Pathol. 16 (11): 1173–5. PMID 2997019.
  3. Patton WL, Lutz AM, Willmann JK, Callen P, Barkovich AJ, Gooding CA (1998). "Systemic spread of meconium peritonitis". Pediatr Radiol. 28 (9): 714–6. doi:10.1007/s002470050449. PMID 9732503.
  4. Dirkes K, Crombleholme TM, Craigo SD, Latchaw LA, Jacir NN, Harris BH, D'Alton ME (1995). "The natural history of meconium peritonitis diagnosed in utero". J. Pediatr. Surg. 30 (7): 979–82. PMID 7472957.
  5. Son M, Walsh CA, Baxi LV (2010). "Prenatal diagnosis of urinary ascites in a fetus with meningomyelocele". Fetal. Diagn. Ther. 28 (1): 61–4. doi:10.1159/000312405. PMID 20389051.
  6. Spriggs, DW; Brantley, RE (1977). "Thoracic and abdominal extravasation: a complication of hyperalimentation in infants". American Journal of Roentgenology. 128 (3): 419–422. doi:10.2214/ajr.128.3.419. ISSN 0361-803X.
  7. Hepworth RC, Milstein JM (1984). "The transected urachus: an unusual cause of neonatal ascites". Pediatrics. 73 (3): 397–400. PMID 6701064.
  8. Keller M, Scholl-Buergi S, Sergi C, Theurl I, Weiss G, Unsinn KM, Trawöger R (2008). "An unusual case of intrauterine symptomatic neonatal liver failure". Klin Padiatr. 220 (1): 32–6. doi:10.1055/s-2007-970591. PMID 18172830.
  9. Gillan JE, Lowden JA, Gaskin K, Cutz E (1984). "Congenital ascites as a presenting sign of lysosomal storage disease". J. Pediatr. 104 (2): 225–31. PMID 6420531.
  10. Gil Z, Beni-Adani L, Siomin V, Nagar H, Dvir R, Constantini S (2001). "Ascites following ventriculoperitoneal shunting in children with chiasmatic-hypothalamic glioma". Childs Nerv Syst. 17 (7): 395–8. PMID 11465792.
  11. Goodman GM, Gourley GR (1988). "Ascites complicating ventriculoperitoneal shunts". J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 7 (5): 780–2. PMID 3054040.
  12. Zegarra A, García C, Piscoya A, de Los Ríos R, Luis Pinto J, Mayo N, Huerta-Mercado J (2009). "[Eosinophilic enteritis as a rare cause of ascites: case report]". Rev Gastroenterol Peru (in Spanish; Castilian). 29 (3): 272–5. PMID 19898601.
  13. Caine Y, Deckelbaum RJ, Weizman Z, Lijovetsky G, Schiller M (1984). "Congenital hepatic fibrosis--unusual presentations". Arch. Dis. Child. 59 (11): 1094–6. PMC 1628818. PMID 6391392.

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