Ascites epidemiology and demographics
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]
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Overview
The incidence of ascites is approximately 60,000 per 100,000 individuals with cirrhosis worldwide. The incidence of ascites is approximately 75,000 per 100,000 cirrhotic individuals with a mortality rate of 50%, within 3 years. Patients of all age groups may develop ascites. Cirrhotic ascites usually affects individuals of the non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans race. Males are more commonly affected by cirrhotic ascites than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 2.5 to 1.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of ascites is approximately 60,000 per 100,000 individuals with cirrhosis worldwide.[1]
- Among patients with ascites 8,000 to 35,000 per 100,000 individuals would involve in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).[2]
- The incidence of chylous ascites is approximately 5 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.[3]
Prevalence
- The prevalence of ascites is approximately 75,000 per 100,000 individuals with cirrhosis in Western countries.[4]
- The prevalence of cirrhosis, malignancy, heart failure, tuberculosis, and nephrotic syndrome is approximately 81,000, 10,000, 3,000, 2,000, and 1,000 per 100,000 individuals with ascites worldwide, respectively.[5]
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- The incidence of ascites is approximately 75,000 per 100,000 cirrhotic individuals with a mortality rate of 50%, within 3 years.[6]
- Survival from ascites majorly depends on severity of portal hypertension, liver failure, and circulation dysfunction.[4]
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop ascites.
Race
- There is no racial predilection to ascites.
- Cirrhotic ascites usually affects individuals of the non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans race.[7]
Gender
- Ascites affects men and women equally.
- Males are more commonly affected by cirrhotic ascites than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 2.5 to 1.[7]
Region
- Cirrhotic ascites is a common disease that tends to affect people below the poverty and with low education level.[7]
References
- ↑ Ginés P, Quintero E, Arroyo V, Terés J, Bruguera M, Rimola A, Caballería J, Rodés J, Rozman C (1987). "Compensated cirrhosis: natural history and prognostic factors". Hepatology. 7 (1): 122–8. PMID 3804191.
- ↑ Caly WR, Strauss E (1993). "A prospective study of bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis". J. Hepatol. 18 (3): 353–8. PMID 8228129.
- ↑ Press OW, Press NO, Kaufman SD (1982). "Evaluation and management of chylous ascites". Ann. Intern. Med. 96 (3): 358–64. PMID 7059101.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Pedersen JS, Bendtsen F, Møller S (2015). "Management of cirrhotic ascites". Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 6 (3): 124–37. doi:10.1177/2040622315580069. PMC 4416972. PMID 25954497.
- ↑ Runyon BA, Montano AA, Akriviadis EA, Antillon MR, Irving MA, McHutchison JG (1992). "The serum-ascites albumin gradient is superior to the exudate-transudate concept in the differential diagnosis of ascites". Ann. Intern. Med. 117 (3): 215–20. PMID 1616215.
- ↑ Fernández-Esparrach G, Sánchez-Fueyo A, Ginès P, Uriz J, Quintó L, Ventura PJ, Cárdenas A, Guevara M, Sort P, Jiménez W, Bataller R, Arroyo V, Rodés J (2001). "A prognostic model for predicting survival in cirrhosis with ascites". J. Hepatol. 34 (1): 46–52. PMID 11211907.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Scaglione S, Kliethermes S, Cao G, Shoham D, Durazo R, Luke A, Volk ML (2015). "The Epidemiology of Cirrhosis in the United States: A Population-based Study". J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 49 (8): 690–6. doi:10.1097/MCG.0000000000000208. PMID 25291348.