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Line 182: |
Line 182: |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Gold Standard Test}} | | ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Gold Standard Test}} |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Therapy}} | | ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Therapy}} |
| |-
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| ! rowspan="8" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" |Nephrotic Syndrome and Renal Failure
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" |Primary (AL) Amyloidosis
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Monoclonal]] [[plasma cell]] proliferation
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| * Extracellular [[amyloid]] [[fibril]] deposition
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Anasarca]]
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| *[[Bleeding tendency]]
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| * Swelling of [[lower limbs]]
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| * Frothy [[urine]]
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| *[[Chest pain]]
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| *[[Numbness]] or [[tingling]]
| |
| *[[Early satiety]]
| |
| *[[Joint pains]]
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| *[[Macroglossia|Enlarged tongue]]
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| *[[Taste loss]]
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| *[[Hoarseness|Hoarseness of voice]]
| |
| *[[Alopecia|Hair loss <br />]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Increased [[erythrocyte sedimentation rate]] ([[ESR]])
| |
| * Increased [[Alanine aminotransferase|alanine aminotrasnferase]] ([[Alanine transaminase|ALT]]) and [[Aspartate aminotransferase|aspartate aminotrasnferase]] ([[Aspartate transaminase|AST]])
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| * Increased [[Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and T (cTnT)|cardiac troponins]]
| |
| * Increased [[brain natriuretic peptide]] ([[BNP]])
| |
| * Increased [[blood urea nitrogen]] ([[BUN]]) and [[creatinine]]
| |
| *[[Proteinuria]]
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| * Urinary [[Hyaline cast|hyaline]] and fatty casts
| |
| *[[Hypercholesterolemia]]
| |
|
| |
| *
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Biopsy:
| |
| ** Diffuse glomerular deposition of amorphous [[hyaline]] material (nodular pattern - 8 to15 nm in diameter), in [[mesangium]] (weakly staining with [[Periodic acid-Schiff stain|periodic acid-Schiff]] ([[Periodic acid-Schiff stain|PAS]])
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Melphalan]]-[[prednisone]]/[[dexamethasone]]
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| *[[Dexamethasone]] plus [[Cyclophosphamide]]-[[thalidomide]]
| |
| *[[Stem cell transplantation]]
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| *[[Kidney transplantation]]
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| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" |[[Diabetic nephropathy|Diabetic Nephropathy]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Hyperfiltration
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| * Constriction of [[efferent arteriole]]
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| *[[Microalbuminuria]]
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| *[[Mesangial cell|Mesangial]] proliferation
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Nocturia]]
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| *[[Fatigue]]
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| *[[Pruritis]]
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| *[[Peripheral edema]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Hyperglycemia]] (random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL)
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| *[[Proteinuria]]
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| *[[Glucosuria]]
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| *[[Glycosylated hemoglobin|HbA1C]] ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). <br />
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Biopsy:
| |
| **[[Periodic acid-Schiff stain|PAS]] positive [[Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome|Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules]]
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| **[[Glomerulosclerosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[ACE inhibitor|ACE inhibitors]]
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| *[[Angiotensin receptor blockers]]
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| *[[Glycemic]] control
| |
| |-
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" |[[Minimal change disease|Minimal Change Disease]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| *[[Upper respiratory tract infection]]
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| *[[Allergy]] to bee sting
| |
| *[[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug|NSAID]]
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| *[[Gold]]
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| *[[Penicillamine]]
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| *[[Ampicillin]]
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| *[[Mercury (element)|Mercury]]
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| *[[Hodgkin's lymphoma|Hodgkin's]] and [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma|non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Peripheral edema]]
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| *[[Hypertension]]
| |
| *[[Peripheral edema]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Proteinuria]]
| |
| *[[Hypertension]]
| |
| *[[Hyperlipidemia]]
| |
| *[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
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| *[[Microscopic hematuria]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Biopsy:
| |
| ** Fused [[podocytes]]/effacement
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Prednisone]] with taper
| |
| *[[ACE inhibitor|ACE inhibitors]]
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| *[[Angiotensin receptor blockers]]
| |
| * Salt restriction
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| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" |[[Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis|Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[HIV]]
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| *[[Parvovirus B19]]
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| *[[Cytomegalovirus]]
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| *[[Heroin]]
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| *[[Interferon alpha]]
| |
| *[[Lithium]]
| |
| *[[Pamidronate]]/aledronate
| |
| *[[Anabolic steroids]]
| |
| *[[Diabetes mellitus]]
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| *[[Hypertension]]
| |
| *[[Obesity]]
| |
| *[[Congenital heart disease cyanotic|Cyanotic congenital heart disease]]
| |
| *[[Sickle cell anemia]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Peripheral edema]]
| |
| *[[Hypertension]]
| |
| *[[Peripheral edema]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Proteinuria]]
| |
| *[[Hypertension]]
| |
| *[[Hyperlipidemia]]
| |
| *[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| |
| *[[Microscopic hematuria]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Biopsy:
| |
| **[[Podocytes|Podocyte]] foot process effacement
| |
| **[[Capillary]] lumen abolished by the segmental increase in matrix <br />
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Prednisone]]
| |
| *[[Calcineurin inhibitor|Calcineurin inhibitors]] ([[Cyclosporine|Cyclosporin]], [[tacrolimus]])
| |
| *[[Rituximab]]
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| *[[Cyclophosphamide]]/[[chlorambucil]]
| |
| *[[Mycophenolate|Mycophenolate motefil]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" |[[Fabry's disease|Fabry's Disease]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Deficient alpha galactosidase A
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Abdominal pain]]
| |
| *[[Arthralgia]]
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| *[[Febrile]] episodes
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| *[[Angiokeratomas]]
| |
| * Burning pain and tingling ([[Peripheral neuropathy|peripheral neuropathy)]]
| |
| *[[Hypohidrosis]]
| |
| *[[X-linked recessive]] inheritance
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Deficient alpha galactosidase A
| |
| * Increased ceramide trihexoside ([[Globotriaosylceramide 3-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase|globotriaosylceramide]])
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Alpha-galactosidase A activity
| |
| *[[GLA|GLA gene]] analysis for [[Heterozygote|heterozygotes]]
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Enzyme replacement therapy
| |
| *[[ACE inhibitor|ACE inhibitors]]
| |
| *[[Gabapentin]], [[carbamazepine]]
| |
| *[[Migalastat]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" |Light Chain Deposition Disease
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Multiple myeloma]]
| |
| *[[Waldenström's macroglobulinemia]]
| |
| *[[Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Asymptomatic]]
| |
| *[[Fatigue]]
| |
| *[[Weight loss]]
| |
| *[[Dyspnea]]
| |
| *[[Peripheral edema]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Proteinuria]]
| |
| *[[Portal hypertension]]
| |
| * Increased [[Alanine transaminase|ALT]], [[Aspartate transaminase|AST]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Biopsy:
| |
| ** Non-amyloid granules
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Bortezomib]]
| |
| * Autologous [[stem cell transplantation]]
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| * Immunomodulatory drugs
| |
| *[[Kidney transplantation|Kidney transplant]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" |[[Membranous glomerulonephritis|Membranous Glomerulonephritis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Hepatitis B]] and [[Hepatitis C|C]]
| |
| *[[HIV]]
| |
| *[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma|Non-Hodgkin`s lymphoma]]
| |
| *[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]]
| |
| *[[Hodgkin lymphoma|Hodgkin`s lymphoma]]
| |
| * Solid tissue tumors
| |
| *[[Schistosomiasis]]
| |
| *[[Leprosy]]
| |
| *[[Hydatid disease]]
| |
| *[[Loaiasis]] (filaria)
| |
| *[[Malaria|Quartan malaria]]
| |
| *[[Systemic lupus erythematosis]] ([[SLE]]) <br />
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |<br />
| |
|
| |
| *[[Headache]]
| |
| *[[Edema]] affecting any area of the body
| |
| * Foamy appearance of urine
| |
| *[[Weight gain]]
| |
| *[[Poor appetite]]
| |
| *[[Nocturia]]
| |
| *[[Fatigue]]
| |
| *[[Hematuria]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Proteinuria]]
| |
| *[[Hypertension]]
| |
| *[[Hyperlipidemia]]
| |
| *[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| |
| * Microscopic or gross hematuria
| |
| *[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| |
| *[[Antinuclear antibodies|ANA]] and [[Anti-dsDNA antibody|anti-dsDNA]] positivity
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Biopsy:
| |
| **[[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] and [[C3 (complement)|C3]] deposits with thickened [[basement membrane]] with spikes and vacuolization
| |
| **[[Glomerulosclerosis]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Prednisone]]
| |
| *[[Methylprednisolone]] with [[cyclophosphamide]]
| |
| *[[Tacrolimus]] with a six-month taper
| |
| *[[Rituximab]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;" |Fibrillary-Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Idiopathic]]
| |
| *[[Hepatitis C]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Microscopic or [[Hematuria|gross hematuria]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| *[[Proteinuria]]
| |
| *[[Hypertension]]
| |
| *Increased [[blood urea nitrogen]] ([[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]]) and [[creatinine]]
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| * Biopsy:
| |
| ** Polycloncal [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] deposits
| |
| ** Infiltration of glomerular structures by amorphous acellular material (nonbranching fibrils 12-24nm in diameter)
| |
| ** Ig heavy-chain and one light-chain subclass
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| |
| |- | | |- |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Organ System Involvement}} | | ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Organ System Involvement}} |