Thrombosis causes

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Thrombosis Microchapters

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Arterial and Venous Thrombosis: Differences and Similarities

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Thrombosis is caused by abnormalities in one or more of the following (Virchow's triad): the composition of the blood (hypercoagulability or thrombophilia), quality of the vessel wall (endothelial cell injury), and/or nature of the blood flow (stasis, turbulence).

Causes

Rudolf Virchow noted several factors affecting the clot formation, which are as follows:

1) Alterations in blood flow (stasis): Blood flows throughout the circulatory system, without significantly stopping or slowing any where. In certain pathological conditions where the blood flow slows down or stops, it causes:

  • Increase in platelet to endothelium contact
  • Decrease the dilution of clotting factors

This increases the risk of clot formation and form microthrombi, which further grow and propagate.

2) Injury to the vascular endothelium: Intrinsic or secondary to external trauma (eg, catheterization) can cause intimal damage and stimulates clot formation. See Coagulation.

3) Alterations in the constitution of blood (hypercoagulability): It is the propensity to develop thrombosis due to an abnormality in the system of coagulation.

These three conditions are collectively known as Virchow's triad and lead to intravascular coagulation, forming a mass of red blood cells, leukocytes, and fibrin.

This video explains the process of thrombosis:

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Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Ethynodiol diacetate and ethinyl estradiol, Desmopressin
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous High altitude[1]

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. Kuipers S, Cannegieter SC, Middeldorp S, Robyn L, Büller HR, Rosendaal FR (2007). "The absolute risk of venous thrombosis after air travel: a cohort study of 8,755 employees of international organisations". PLoS Med. 4 (9): e290. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040290. PMC 1989755. PMID 17896862.


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