Chronic stable angina definition
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Overview
Angina pectoris is the sensation of chest discomfort which can be a feeling of tightness, heaviness, or pain. It is typically aggravated by exertion or emotional stress and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.
Angina pectoris is a sign of coronary heart disease. If it occurs chronically this is called stable angina. Stable angina pectoris is a clinical diagnosis that is established by a careful medical history. As the name of the syndrome suggests, chronic stable angina pectoris is chest discomfort that has been present over months to years without substantial acceleration in the severity, provoking stimuli or frequency of the symptoms.
The chest discomfort is caused by myocardial ischemia which is not sufficient in intensity to result in permanent cell death or myocardial necrosis. Chronic stable angina is the most common symptomatic manifestation of obstructive coronary artery disease. Angina pectoris occurs when there is insufficient myocardial perfusion to meet the oxygen/metabolic demands of the myocardium.
If angina pectoris occurs at rest or in an accelerating pattern this is called an acute coronary syndrome and can be a symptom of either:
- Unstable angina: An open artery with insufficient blood flow to the heart but without irreversible damage
- Non ST elevation MI: An open artery with insufficient blood flow to the heart with irreversible damage
- ST elevation MI: A closed artery with insufficient blood flow to the heart and irreversible damage
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