Acute diarrhea differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 19:35, 21 December 2017

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]

Overview

[Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].

Differential Diagnosis of Acute Diarrhea from other diseases

The following table outlines the major differential diagnoses of acute diarrhea.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24]^[25]^[26]^[27]^[28]^[29]^[30]

Abbreviations: GI: Gastrointestinal, CBC: Complete blood count, WBC: White blood cell, RBC: Red blood cell, Plt: Platelet, Hgb: Hemoglobin, ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP: C–reactive protein, IgE: Immunoglobulin E, IgA: Immunoglobulin A, ETEC: Escherichia coli enteritis, EPEC: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, EIEC: Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, EHEC: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, EAEC: Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, Nl: Normal, ASCA: Anti saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies, ANCA: Anti–neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, CFTR: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, SLC10A2: Solute carrier family 10 member 2, SeHCAT: Selenium homocholic acid taurine or tauroselcholic acid, IEL: Intraepithelial lymphocytes, MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, ANA: Antinuclear antibodies, AMA: Anti-mitochondrial antibody, LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase, CPK: Creatine phosphokinase, PCR: Polymerase chain reaction, ELISA: Enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay, LT: Heat–labile enterotoxin, ST: Heat–stable enterotoxin, RT-PCR: Reverse–transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, CD4: Cluster of differentiation 4, HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, RUQ: Right-upper quadrant, VIP: Vasoactive intestinal peptide, GI: Gastrointestinal, FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis, HNPCC: Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, MTP: Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, Scl‑70: Anti–topoisomerase I, TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone, T4: Thyroxine, T3: Triiodothyronine, DTR: Deep tendon reflex, RNA: Ribonucleic acid

		Symptoms								GI signs
Cause		Clinical manifestation									Lab findings									Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss
		Duration		Diarrhea							Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings
		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty					WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings
Ischemic colitis		+	+	+	+	–	+	+	+	Hyperactive then absent bowel sounds Abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	–	↑	↓	↑	Elevated CRP Elevated ESR Elevated serum lactate Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) Elevated amylase Hypoalbuminemia	IgA vasculitis	Hypercoagulability Nonocclusive colonic ischemia Embolic and thrombotic arterial occlusion Mesenteric vein thrombosis	Abdominal CT scan
Lactose intolerance		+	+	+	–	–	–	+	–	Abdominal tenderness Abdominal distention	–	–	–	↑	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Lactose tolerance test Genetic testing	Headache Vertigo Memory impairment Lethargy	Reduction of lactase enzyme activity or inability to produce persistent lactase Congenital lactase deficiency Secondary lactose malabsorption	Small bowel biopsy Lactose breath hydrogen test
Tropical sprue		+	+	+	–	+	+	+	+	Angular stomatitis Oral mucosal lesion	+	–	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	Nl	↓	Nl	Fat soluble vitamins deficiency Vitamin B12 deficiency Folate deficiency Hypokalemia	Myalgia Neuropathy Edema	Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Enterobacter cloacae	Diagnosis of exclusion
Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
Pseudomembranous enterocolitis		+	–	+	±	–	+	+	±	Generalized abdominal tenderness Abdominal distention Rebound abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay or C. difficile antigen	↑	↓	↓	Elevated serum creatinine Hypoalbuminemia Elevated lactic acid	Dehydration Acute kidney injury Bacteremia Reactive arthritis Necrotizing fasciitis	Clostridium difficile Recent antibiotics use Recent surgery	Stool exam Pseudomembranes on colonoscopy
Campylobacteriosis		+	–	+	+	–	+	+	–	Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	Nl	Toxic megacolon Sepsis Arthritis Endocarditis Guillain–Barré syndrome	Campylobacter jejuni	Stool culture
Salmonellosis		+	+	+	+	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention Diffuse abdominal tenderness Hepatosplenomegaly	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture Positive serologic testing	↑	Nl	↑	Hypokalemia Hypernatremia Hyponatremia Hypercalciuria Hypocitraturia	Post–infectious arthritis Obtundation Bacteremia Pericarditis Pyelonephritis Brain abscess	Salmonella	Stool culture
Shigellosis		+	–	+	+	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention Hyperactive bowel sounds Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑/↓	↓	↓	Elevated CRP Elevated ESR Hyponatremia Hypoglycemia Azotemia	Headache Lethargy Seizures Delirium Post–infectious arthritis Myocarditis	Shigella	Stool culture
Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
Escherichia coli enteritis	ETEC (Traveler's diarrhea)	+	–	+	–	–	+	–	–	Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	–	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	–	–	Enterotoxigenic escherichia coli Enterotoxins: Heat–labile enterotoxin (LT) Heat–stable enterotoxin (ST)	Stool culture
	EPEC	+	+	+	+	–	+	+	+	Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	–	–	Enteropathogenic E. coli	DNA probe or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the EPEC adherence factor Stool culture
	EIEC	+	–	+	+	–	+	+	–	Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	–	–	Enteroinvasive E. coli	DNA probe Stool culture
	EHEC	+	–	+	+	–	–	+	–	Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	↓	↓	Azotemia	Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) Renal failure	Enterohemorrhagic E. coli Shiga toxins	Stool culture
	EAEC	+	+	+	+	–	–	+	–	Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	↓	↓	–	Chronic infection in immunocompromised patients	Enteroaggregative E. coli	Stool culture
Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
Yersinia enterocolitica		+	–	+	+	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention Hyperactive bowel sounds Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	–	Bacteremia Reactive arthritis Glomerulonephritis Endocarditis Erythema nodosum Abscess	Yersinia enterocolitica	Stool culture
Vibrio cholera		+	–	+	–	–	–	+	–		+	–	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	Azotemia	Severe dehydration Decreased skin turgor Oliguria Renal failure Muscle cramps Seizure Somnolence	Cholera toxin	Stool culture
Aeromonas		+	+	+	+	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention Hyperactive bowel sounds Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	–	Wound infection Bacteremia Hemolytic uremic syndrome Meningitis Ocular infection Pneumonia Urinary tract infection Osteomyelitis Peritonitis Acute cholecystitis Opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients	Aeromonas virulence factors including endotoxins, hemolysins, enterotoxins, and adherence factors	Blood culture Wound culture
Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
Plesiomonas		+	–	+	+	–	+	+	–	Hyperactive bowel sounds Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	–	Opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients or hepatobiliary disease Bacteremia Cellulitis and skin abscesses Peritonitis Meningoencephalitis Ocular infection Pneumonia Prosthetic joint infection Septic abortion	Plesiomonas shigelloides	Blood culture
Mycobacterium avium complex		+	+	+	+	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention Hepatosplenomegaly	+	+	–	Nl	–	↓	↓	Nl	Elevated liver enzymes	Opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients Pulmonary infection Adenopathy Night sweats	Mycobacterium avium complex	Blood culture
Food poisoning Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus cereus Clostridium perfringens		+	–	+	±	–	+	+	±	Abdominal distention	+	±	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	–	History of travel or ingestion of infected food	Enterotoxins	Stool culture
Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
Norovirus		+	–	+	–	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention	–	–	–	Nl	Positive stool reverse–transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR)	↓	Nl	Nl	–	Myalgia Headache Seizure Encephalopathy	Norovirus	Clinical diagnosis
Rotavirus		+	–	+	–	–	+	–	–	Hyperactive bowel sounds Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	–	–	Nl	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Elevated blood urea nitrogen Hyperchloremic acidosis Hypocalcemia	Necrotizing enterocolitis Intussusception Biliary atresia Central nervous system involvement	Rotavirus	Stool immune–based assays
Echovirus		+	–	+	–	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention	–	–	–	Nl	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	–	Liver failure Myocarditis	Echovirus	Clinical diagnosis
Adenovirus		+	–	+	–	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention	–	–	–	Nl	Viral antigen assay	Nl	Nl	Nl	–	Respiratory disease Follicular conjunctivitis Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis Hepatitis Urethritis Myocarditis Meningitis Bacteremia	Adenovirus	Clinical diagnosis
CMV colitis		+	+	–	+	–	±	+	–	Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Viral antigen assay	↓	Nl	Nl	Decreased CD4 level Abnormal liver function test	Encephalitis Guillain–Barré syndrome Pneumonia Retinitis Pericarditis and myocarditis Atherosclerosis Venous thrombosis	Cytomegalovirus	Quantitative PCR tests
Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
Entamoeba histolytica		+	+	+	+	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	+	Nl	–	↑	Nl	Nl	–	Liver abscess Pleuropulmonary infection Cardiac infection Brain abscess Cutaneous infection	Entamoeba histolytica	Antigen testing Serology
Microsporidia		+	+	+	–	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention Diffuse abdominal tenderness	–	–	+	Nl	Positive stool microscopy	Nl	Nl	Nl	Decreased CD4 count	Malabsorption Keratitis Seizure Myositis	Microsporidia	Antigen detection assays
Isospora		+	+	+	–	+	+	+	+	Abdominal distention Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	+	Nl	Positive stool microscopy Positive fecal fat	↑	Nl	Nl	Elevated eosinophils Hypokalemia Increased creatinine	Chronic illness in immunocompromised patients	Isospora	Detecting oocysts in the feces
VIPoma		+	+	+	–	+	–	+	+	Abdominal distention Abdominal RUQ tenderness Nausea Vomiting	–	–	–	↓	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Elevated VIP level Hypokalemia Hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria Low osmotic gap (<50 mOsm/kg)	Rash Facial flushing Dehydration Lethargy Muscle weakness	Primary secretory tumor	Blood VIP levels Followed by imaging
Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
Medications ACE inhibitors Digoxin Cephalosporins Statins Thiazide diuretics Triptans Lactulose Anti retroviral agents Chemotherapeutic agents Antifungals Magnesium		+	+	+	–	±	±	+	+	Abdominal distention Dehydration	–	–	–	↑/↓	–	↑	Nl	Nl	Elevated plasma level of drug	–	Inflammation Pseudomembranous colitis	Clinical evaluation after discontinuation of the drugs
Factitious diarrhea		+	+	+	–	–	–	+	+	Abdominal distention	–	–	–	↑/↓	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis Hypermagnesemia	Malabsorption Lethargy Generalized weakness Acute renal failure	Medications	Clinical evaluation after discontinuation of the drugs
Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
Organophosphate poisoning		+	+	+	–	–	–	+	–	Salivation Vomiting	–	–	–	Nl	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Reduced RBC acetylcholinesterase Plasma cholinesterase activity	Autonomic dysfunction Motor deficit Sensory deficit Bronchospasm Urination Miosis Bradycardia Lacrimation Sweating Cardiac arrhythmias Acute renal injury	Neurotoxins bind to acetylcholinesterase (AChE)	Clinical diagnosis
Opium withdrawal		+	+	+	–	–	–	+	–	Hyperactive bowel sounds	–	–	–	Nl	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Azotemia Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis	Dysphoria Restlessness Sweating Rhinorrhea Lacrimation Myalgia Arthralgia	Opium withdrawal	Clinical diagnosis following opium withdrawal
Short bowel syndrome		+	+	+	–	+	–	–	+	Abdominal distention Abdominal tenderness	–	–	–	Nl	Positive fecal fat	Nl	↓	↑	Hypoalbuminemia High level of acute phase reactant Abnormal liver function tests	Prior intestinal surgery Malabsorption Crohn's disease Malignancy Peripheral edema Muscle atrophy	Surgical bowel resection	Clinical diagnosis following bowel resection
Radiation enteritis		+	+	+	+	+	–	+	+	Abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive fecal fat	Nl	↓	Nl	Vitamin B12 deficiency Hypoalbuminemia	Prior history of malignancy and radiation therapy Malabsorption Telangiectasias	Radiation	Segmental bowel inflammation on endoscopy or colonoscopy
Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis

References

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↑ Kamat, Deepak; Mathur, Ambika (2006). "Prevention and Management of Travelers' Diarrhea". Disease-a-Month. 52 (7): 289–302. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2006.08.003. ISSN 0011-5029.
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[Casburn-JonesFarthing2004-1] Casburn-Jones, Anna C; Farthing, Michael Jg (2004). "Traveler's diarrhea". Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 19 (6): 610–618. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2003.03287.x. ISSN 0815-9319.

[KamatMathur2006-2] Kamat, Deepak; Mathur, Ambika (2006). "Prevention and Management of Travelers' Diarrhea". Disease-a-Month. 52 (7): 289–302. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2006.08.003. ISSN 0011-5029.

[PfeifferDuPont2012-3] Pfeiffer, Margaret L.; DuPont, Herbert L.; Ochoa, Theresa J. (2012). "The patient presenting with acute dysentery – A systematic review". Journal of Infection. 64 (4): 374–386. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2012.01.006. ISSN 0163-4453.

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[WahnschaffeIgnatius2009-13] Wahnschaffe, Ulrich; Ignatius, Ralf; Loddenkemper, Christoph; Liesenfeld, Oliver; Muehlen, Marion; Jelinek, Thomas; Burchard, Gerd Dieter; Weinke, Thomas; Harms, Gundel; Stein, Harald; Zeitz, Martin; Ullrich, Reiner; Schneider, Thomas (2009). "Diagnostic value of endoscopy for the diagnosis of giardiasis and other intestinal diseases in patients with persistent diarrhea from tropical or subtropical areas". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 42 (3): 391–396. doi:10.1080/00365520600881193. ISSN 0036-5521.

[pmid27765536-14] Mena Bares LM, Carmona Asenjo E, García Sánchez MV, Moreno Ortega E, Maza Muret FR, Guiote Moreno MV, Santos Bueno AM, Iglesias Flores E, Benítez Cantero JM, Vallejo Casas JA (2017). "75SeHCAT scan in bile acid malabsorption in chronic diarrhoea". Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 36 (1): 37–47. doi:10.1016/j.remn.2016.08.005. PMID 27765536.

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@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 {| class="wikitable" style="border: 0px; font-size: 100%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
-! colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Categories
 ! colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
 | colspan="9" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Clinical manifestation'''
@@ Line 46: / Line 45: @@
 ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
 |-
-! colspan="2" rowspan="15" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gastrointestinal
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ischemic colitis]]
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Crohns disease|Crohn's disease]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
+*Hyperactive then absent [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
-* Oral [[mucosal]] lesions
+*[[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Anti saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies]] (ASCA)
+*Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
-* [[Vitamin B12]] deficiency
+*Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
-* Elevated [[erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
+*Elevated serum [[Lactic acid|lactate]]
-* Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
+*Elevated [[lactate dehydrogenase]] ([[Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH]])
+*Elevated [[Creatine kinase|creatine phosphokinase]] ([[Creatine kinase|CPK]])
+*Elevated [[amylase]]
+*[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Uveitis]]
+*[[Henoch-Schönlein purpura|IgA vasculitis]]
-* [[Arthritis]]
-* [[Erythema nodosum]]
-* [[Pyoderma gangrenosum]]
-* [[Amyloidosis]]
-* Venous and arterial [[thromboembolism]]
-* [[Kidney stone|Renal stones]]
-* [[Bronchiectasis]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Abnormal immune response to self [[antigens]]
+*[[Thrombophilia|Hypercoagulability]]
+*Nonocclusive [[Ischemic colitis|colonic ischemia]]
+*[[Embolism|Embolic]] and [[Thrombosis|thrombotic]] arterial occlusion
+*[[Mesenteric vein thrombosis]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Colonoscopy]] with [[biopsy]]
+*Abdominal [[Computed tomography|CT scan]]
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ulcerative colitis]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Lactose intolerance]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Abdominal tenderness ]]
+* [[Abdominal distention]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Lactose tolerance test
+* Genetic testing
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Headache]]
+* [[Vertigo]]
+* [[Memory impairment]]
+* [[Lethargy]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Reduction of lactase enzyme activity or inability to produce persistent [[lactase]]
+* Congenital [[lactase deficiency]]
+* Secondary lactose malabsorption
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Small bowel]] [[biopsy]]
+* Lactose breath hydrogen test
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Tropical sprue]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Blood]] on [[rectal examination]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody|Anti–neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody]] ([[P-ANCA|P–ANCA]])
-* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
-* [[Hypokalemia]]
-* [[Hypomagnesemia]]
-* Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
-* Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Skin rash]]
-* [[Iritis]]
-* [[Uveitis]]
-* Seronegative [[arthritis]]
-* [[Clubbing]]
-* [[Erythema nodosum]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Abnormal immune response to self [[antigens]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Colonoscopy]] with [[biopsy]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Celiac disease]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Angular [[stomatitis]]
+* Oral mucosal lesion
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-* [[Abdominal distention]]
-* Increased [[bowel]] sounds
-* Oral [[Mucous membrane|mucosal]] lesions
-* [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
-* [[Ascites]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Fat droplets on [[sudan stain]]
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ↓
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Fat soluble vitamins]] deficiency
+* [[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]
+* [[Folate deficiency]]
+* [[Hypokalemia]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[IgA]] endomysial [[antibody]]
+*[[Myalgia]]
-* Anti–tissue [[transglutaminase]] [[antibody]]
+*[[Neuropathy]]
-* [[Anti-gliadin antibodies|Anti–gliadin antibody]]
+*[[Edema]]
-* [[Fat soluble vitamins]] deficiency
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* ''[[Escherichia coli]]''
-* [[Malabsorption]]
+* ''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]''
-* [[Dementia]]
+* ''[[Enterobacter cloacae]]''
-* [[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Diagnosis of exclusion
-* [[HLA-DQ2|HLA–DQ2]]
-* [[HLA-DQ8|HLA–DQ8]]
-* Innate responses to wheat [[Protein|proteins]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[IgA]] endomysial [[antibody]]
-* Anti–tissue [[transglutaminase]] [[antibody]]
 |-
 ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
@@ Line 194: / Line 184: @@
 ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cystic fibrosis]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pseudomembranous enterocolitis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Generalized [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
+* [[Abdominal distention]]
+* [[Rebound tenderness|Rebound abdominal tenderness]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
-*[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
-*[[Rectal prolapse]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Fat droplets on [[sudan stain]]
+* [[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|Enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay]] ([[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|ELISA]])
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+* [[Polymerase chain reaction]] ([[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]) assay or ''[[Clostridium difficile infection|C. difficile]]'' antigen
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Positive [[DNA]] analysis for [[CFTR|cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator]] [[CFTR|(CFTR)]]
+* Elevated [[Creatinine|serum creatinine]]
-* Nasal transepithelial potential difference
+* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
-* [[Fat soluble vitamins]] deficiency
+* Elevated [[lactic acid]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Malabsorption]]
+* [[Dehydration]]
-* Recurrent [[respiratory tract infection]]
+* [[Acute kidney injury]]
-* [[Bronchiectasis]]
-* [[Diabetes mellitus]]
+* [[Bacteremia]]
-* [[Scoliosis]]
+* [[Reactive arthritis]]
-* [[Infertility]]
+* [[Necrotizing fasciitis]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Mutations in the [[cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator]] ([[CFTR]]) protein
+* [[Clostridium difficile|''Clostridium difficile'']]
+* Recent [[antibiotics]] use
+* Recent [[surgery]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Positive [[genetic testing]]
+* [[Stool examination|Stool exam]]
-* Elevated [[Sweat chloride test|sweat chloride]] ≥60 mmol/L
+* Pseudomembranes on [[colonoscopy]]
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" | [[Campylobacteriosis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Fat droplets on [[sudan stain]]
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
-* Positive [[fecal elastase]] measurement
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Slightly elevated [[amylase]] and [[lipase]]
+*[[Toxic megacolon]]
-* Abnormal pancreatic function test
+*[[Sepsis]]
-* [[Secretin]] stimulation test
+*[[Arthritis]]
+*[[Endocarditis]]
+*[[Guillain-Barré syndrome|Guillain–Barré syndrome]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Malabsorption]]
+*[[Campylobacter jejuni|''Campylobacter jejuni'']]
-* [[Diabetes mellitus]]
-* [[Pancreatic pseudocyst]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Toxin|Toxins]]
+*[[Stool culture]]
-* Recurrent [[acute pancreatitis]]
-* [[Genetics|Genetic]] predesposition
-* [[Autoimmunity|Autoimmune]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography]] ([[Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography|MRCP]])
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Bile acid malabsorption]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Salmonellosis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Fat droplets on [[sudan stain]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Reduced [[cholesterol]] level
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Malabsorption]]
-*[[Hypotension]]
-*[[Tachycardia]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Genetic defects in ''[[SLC10A2]]''
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[SeHCAT]] test
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Microscopic colitis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+*[[Abdominal distention]]
+*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+*[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
-* Fecal [[incontinence]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Hypokalemia]]
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
-* Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
+*Positive serologic testing
-* Positive [[autoantibodies]] include:
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-**RF
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-**[[ANA]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-**[[Anti-mitochondrial antibody|AMA]]
-**[[ANCA]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Arthritis]]
+*[[Hypokalemia]]
-* [[Uveitis]]
+*[[Hypernatremia]]
-* [[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
+*[[Hyponatremia]]
-* Pleuro [[pericarditis]]
+* [[Hypercalciuria]]
-* [[Hypothyroidism]]
+* [[Hypocitraturia]]
-* [[Psoriasis]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Mucosal]] [[immune responses]] to luminal factors in a genetically predisposed individual
+* [[Post-infectious arthritis|Post–infectious arthritis]]
-* Drug–induced
+* [[Obtundation]]
+* [[Bacteremia]]
+* [[Pericarditis]]
+* [[Pyelonephritis]]
+*[[Brain abscess]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Colonoscopy]] with [[mucosal]] [[biopsy]] with [[mononuclear]] infiltrates:
+*[[Salmonella|''Salmonella'']]
-** [[Collagenous colitis]] is characterized by a colonic subepithelial [[collagen]] band >10 micrometers in diameter
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-** [[Lymphocytic]] [[colitis]] is characterized by ≥20 intraepithelial [[lymphocytes]] (IEL) per 100 surface epithelial cells
+*[[Stool culture]]
 |-
-! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Shigellosis]]
-! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
-! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
-|-
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Infective colitis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+* [[Abdominal distention]]
+* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
+* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*Rebound [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
 *Positive [[stool culture]]
-*Positive fecal calprotectin
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/↓
-*Positive fecal [[lactoferrin]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
 *Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
 *Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
+*[[Hyponatremia]]
+* [[Hypoglycemia]]
+* [[Azotemia]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Arthritis]]
+* [[Headache]]
-* [[Uveitis]]
+* [[Lethargy]]
+* [[Seizures]]
+* [[Delirium]]
+* [[Post-infectious arthritis|Post–infectious arthritis]]
+* [[Myocarditis]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Salmonella|''Salmonella'']]
 *[[Shigella|''Shigella'']]
-*[[Campylobacter|''Campylobacter'']]
-*''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli 0157:H7]]''
-*[[Clostridium difficile|''Clostridium difficile'']]
-*[[Entamoeba histolytica|''Entamoeba histolytica'']]
-*[[Adenoviridae|''Adenovirus'']]
-*[[Cytomegalovirus|''Cytomegalovirus'']]
-*[[Herpes simplex virus|''Herpes simplex virus'']]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
 *[[Stool culture]]
-*[[Blood culture]]
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ischemic colitis]]
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
-*Hyperactive then absent [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
-*[[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
+|-
+! rowspan="5" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Escherichia coli enteritis]]
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[ETEC|'''ETEC''']]
+([[Traveler's diarrhea]])
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
+*[[Escherichia coli|''Enterotoxigenic escherichia coli'']]
-*Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
+*[[Enterotoxin|Enterotoxins]]:
-*Elevated serum [[Lactic acid|lactate]]
+**Heat–labile [[enterotoxin]] (LT)
-*Elevated [[lactate dehydrogenase]] ([[Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH]])
+**Heat–stable [[enterotoxin]] (ST)
-*Elevated [[Creatine kinase|creatine phosphokinase]] ([[Creatine kinase|CPK]])
-*Elevated [[amylase]]
-*[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Henoch-Schönlein purpura|IgA vasculitis]]
+*[[Stool culture]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Thrombophilia|Hypercoagulability]]
-*Nonocclusive [[Ischemic colitis|colonic ischemia]]
-*[[Embolism|Embolic]] and [[Thrombosis|thrombotic]] arterial occlusion
-*[[Mesenteric vein thrombosis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Abdominal [[Computed tomography|CT scan]]
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Lactose intolerance]]
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EPEC|'''EPEC''']]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Abdominal tenderness ]]
-* [[Abdominal distention]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+*''[[Enteropathogenic E. coli]]''
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Hybridization probe|DNA probe]] or [[polymerase chain reaction]] ([[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]) of the ''EPEC'' adherence factor
-* Lactose tolerance test
+*[[Stool culture]]
-* Genetic testing
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Headache]]
-* [[Vertigo]]
-* [[Memory impairment]]
-* [[Lethargy]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Reduction of lactase enzyme activity or inability to produce persistent [[lactase]]
-* Congenital [[lactase deficiency]]
-* Secondary lactose malabsorption
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Small bowel]] [[biopsy]]
-* Lactose breath hydrogen test
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EIEC|'''EIEC''']]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
-* [[Abdominal distention]]
-* Normal [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Anxiety]]
+*[[Escherichia coli enteritis|''Enteroinvasive E. coli'']]
-*[[Palpitation]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Unknown
+*[[Hybridization probe|DNA probe]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Stool culture]]
-* Diagnosis of exclusion
 |-
-! rowspan="43" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Infection
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EHEC|'''EHEC''']]
-! rowspan="28" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bacterial
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
-! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
-|-
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Whipple's disease]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
-* [[Ascites]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Positive [[fecal fat]]
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓/↑
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
+* [[Azotemia]]
-*[[Fat soluble vitamins]] deficiency
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Malabsorption]]
+*[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|Hemolytic uremic syndrome]] ([[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|HUS]])
-* [[Ocular motility disorders|Abnormal extraocular movement]]
+*[[Renal insufficiency|Renal failure]]
-* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-* [[Hyperpigmentation]]
-* [[Uveitis]]
-* [[Endocarditis]]
-* [[Encephalitis]]
-* [[Dementia]]
-* [[Pleural effusion]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Tropheryma whipplei|''Tropheryma whipplei'']]
+*[[Enterohemorrhagic escherichica coli|''Enterohemorrhagic E. coli'']]
+*[[Shiga toxin|Shiga toxins]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Small intestine]] [[biopsy]] for [[Tropheryma whipplei]] testing
+*[[Stool culture]]
-* [[PCR]] testing
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Tropical sprue]]
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EAEC|'''EAEC''']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Angular [[stomatitis]]
-* Oral mucosal lesion
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
 *Positive [[stool culture]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-* [[Fat soluble vitamins]] deficiency
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]
+*Chronic infection in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
-* [[Folate deficiency]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Hypokalemia]]
+*[[Escherichia coli enteritis|''Enteroaggregative E. coli'']]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Myalgia]]
+*[[Stool culture]]
-*[[Neuropathy]]
-*[[Edema]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* ''[[Escherichia coli]]''
-* ''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]''
-* ''[[Enterobacter cloacae]]''
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Diagnosis of exclusion
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome|Small bowel bacterial overgrowth]]
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
+|-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+* [[Abdominal distention]]
+* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
+* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
 *Positive [[stool culture]]
-*Positive [[fecal fat]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
+*[[Bacteremia]]
-* Abnormal [[Hydrogen Breath Test|hydrogen breath test]]
+*[[Reactive arthritis]]
-* [[Lactic acidosis]]
+*[[Glomerulonephritis]]
+*[[Endocarditis]]
+*[[Erythema nodosum]]
+*[[Abscess]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Malabsorption]]
+*[[Yersinia enterocolitica|''Yersinia enterocolitica'']]
-* [[Rosacea]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Excess bacteria in the [[small intestine]]
+*[[Stool culture]]
-* Alterations in [[Intestine|intestinal]] [[anatomy]] or GI motility
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Diagnosis of exclusion
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pseudomembranous enterocolitis]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Vibrio cholerae|Vibrio cholera]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Generalized [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
-* [[Abdominal distention]]
-* [[Rebound tenderness|Rebound abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|Enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay]] ([[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|ELISA]])
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
-* [[Polymerase chain reaction]] ([[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]) assay or ''[[Clostridium difficile infection|C. difficile]]'' antigen
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Elevated [[Creatinine|serum creatinine]]
+*[[Azotemia]]
-* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
-* Elevated [[lactic acid]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Dehydration]]
+*Severe [[dehydration]]
-* [[Acute kidney injury]]
+*Decreased [[Turgor|skin turgor]]
+*[[Oliguria]]
-* [[Bacteremia]]
+*[[Renal insufficiency|Renal failure]]
-* [[Reactive arthritis]]
+*[[Cramp|Muscle cramps]]
-* [[Necrotizing fasciitis]]
+*[[Seizure]]
+*[[Somnolence]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Clostridium difficile|''Clostridium difficile'']]
+*[[Cholera toxin]]
-* Recent [[antibiotics]] use
-* Recent [[surgery]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Stool examination|Stool exam]]
+*[[Stool culture]]
-* Pseudomembranes on [[colonoscopy]]
 |-
-! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Aeromonas]]
-! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+* [[Abdominal distention]]
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
+* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
-|-
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" | [[Campylobacteriosis]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
 *Positive [[stool culture]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Toxic megacolon]]
+*Wound [[infection]]
-*[[Sepsis]]
+*[[Bacteremia]]
-*[[Arthritis]]
+*[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
-*[[Endocarditis]]
+*[[Meningitis]]
-*[[Guillain-Barré syndrome|Guillain–Barré syndrome]]
+*[[Ocular]] infection
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Pneumonia]]
-*[[Campylobacter jejuni|''Campylobacter jejuni'']]
+*[[Urinary tract infection]]
+*[[Osteomyelitis]]
+*[[Peritonitis]]
+*[[Acute cholecystitis]]
+*[[Opportunistic infection|Opportunistic infections]] in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*''[[Aeromonas]]'' virulence factors including [[Endotoxin|endotoxins]], [[Hemolysin|hemolysins]], [[Enterotoxin|enterotoxins]], and adherence factors
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Stool culture]]
+*[[Blood culture]]
+*Wound [[Culture collection|culture]]
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Salmonellosis]]
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
-*[[Abdominal distention]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
-*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
-*[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
+|-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Plesiomonas shigelloides|Plesiomonas]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Positive [[stool culture]]
-*Positive serologic testing
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Hypokalemia]]
-*[[Hypernatremia]]
-*[[Hyponatremia]]
-* [[Hypercalciuria]]
-* [[Hypocitraturia]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Post-infectious arthritis|Post–infectious arthritis]]
-* [[Obtundation]]
-* [[Bacteremia]]
-* [[Pericarditis]]
-* [[Pyelonephritis]]
-*[[Brain abscess]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Salmonella|''Salmonella'']]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Stool culture]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Shigellosis]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
+* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Opportunistic infection|Opportunistic infections]] in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients or [[Hepato-biliary diseases|hepatobiliary disease]]
+*[[Bacteremia]]
+*[[Cellulitis]] and [[Skin and soft-tissue infections|skin abscesses]]
+*[[Peritonitis]]
+*[[Meningoencephalitis]]
+*[[Ocular]] [[infection]]
+*[[Pneumonia]]
+*[[Prosthetic devices|Prosthetic]] joint [[infection]]
+*Septic [[Pregnancy termination complications|abortion]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Plesiomonas shigelloides|''Plesiomonas shigelloides'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Blood culture]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Mycobacterium avium complex]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Abdominal distention]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+*[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-*Positive [[stool culture]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/↓
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
+*Elevated [[Liver function tests|liver enzymes]]
-*Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
-*[[Hyponatremia]]
-* [[Hypoglycemia]]
-* [[Azotemia]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Headache]]
+*[[Opportunistic infection]] in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
-* [[Lethargy]]
+*[[Pulmonary]] [[infection]]
-* [[Seizures]]
+*[[Lymphadenopathy|Adenopathy]]
-* [[Delirium]]
+*[[Sleep hyperhidrosis|Night sweats]]
-* [[Post-infectious arthritis|Post–infectious arthritis]]
-* [[Myocarditis]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Shigella|''Shigella'']]
+*[[Mycobacterium avium complex|''Mycobacterium avium complex'']]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Stool culture]]
+*[[Blood culture]]
 |-
-! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Foodborne illness|Food poisoning]]
-! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+* [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+* [[Bacillus cereus]]
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+* [[Clostridium perfringens]]
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-|-
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
-|-
-! rowspan="5" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Escherichia coli enteritis]]
-| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[ETEC|'''ETEC''']]
-([[Traveler's diarrhea]])
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
 *Positive [[stool culture]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*History of travel or ingestion of infected food
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Escherichia coli|''Enterotoxigenic escherichia coli'']]
+*[[Enterotoxin|Enterotoxins]]
-*[[Enterotoxin|Enterotoxins]]:
-**Heat–labile [[enterotoxin]] (LT)
-**Heat–stable [[enterotoxin]] (ST)
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
 *[[Stool culture]]
 |-
-| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EPEC|'''EPEC''']]
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
+|-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Norovirus]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Positive [[stool culture]]
+*Positive stool reverse–transcriptase [[polymerase chain reaction]] (RT–PCR)
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*''[[Enteropathogenic E. coli]]''
+*[[Myalgia]]
+*[[Headache]]
+*[[Seizure]]
+*[[Encephalopathy]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Norovirus|''Norovirus'']]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Hybridization probe|DNA probe]] or [[polymerase chain reaction]] ([[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]) of the ''EPEC'' adherence factor
+*Clinical diagnosis
-*[[Stool culture]]
 |-
-| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EIEC|'''EIEC''']]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Rotavirus]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Positive [[stool culture]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Escherichia coli enteritis|''Enteroinvasive E. coli'']]
+*Elevated [[blood urea nitrogen]]
+*[[Hyperchloremic acidosis]]
+*[[Hypocalcemia]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Hybridization probe|DNA probe]]
+*[[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]
-*[[Stool culture]]
+*[[Intussusception]]
+*[[Biliary atresia]]
+*[[Central nervous system]] involvement
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Rotavirus|''Rotavirus'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Stool immune–based assays
 |-
-| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EHEC|'''EHEC''']]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Echovirus]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Positive [[stool culture]]
+*[[Hepatic failure|Liver failure]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+*[[Myocarditis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Azotemia]]
+*[[Echovirus|''Echovirus'']]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|Hemolytic uremic syndrome]] ([[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|HUS]])
+*Clinical diagnosis
-*[[Renal insufficiency|Renal failure]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Enterohemorrhagic escherichica coli|''Enterohemorrhagic E. coli'']]
-*[[Shiga toxin|Shiga toxins]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Stool culture]]
 |-
-| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EAEC|'''EAEC''']]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Adenoviridae|Adenovirus]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Positive [[stool culture]]
+*Viral antigen assay
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Chronic infection in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
+*[[Respiratory disease]]
+*[[Hyperkeratosis|Follicular]] [[conjunctivitis]]
+*Epidemic [[keratoconjunctivitis]]
+*[[Hepatitis]]
+*[[Urethritis]]
+*[[Myocarditis]]
+*[[Meningitis]]
+*[[Bacteremia]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Escherichia coli enteritis|''Enteroaggregative E. coli'']]
+*[[Adenoviridae|''Adenovirus'']]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Stool culture]]
+*Clinical diagnosis
 |-
-! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[CMV colitis]]
-! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
-! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
-|-
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-* [[Abdominal distention]]
-* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
-* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
@@ Line 1,062: / Line 952: @@
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Positive [[stool culture]]
+*Viral antigen assay
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Bacteremia]]
+*Decreased [[CD4]] level
-*[[Reactive arthritis]]
+*Abnormal [[Liver function tests|liver function test]]
-*[[Glomerulonephritis]]
-*[[Endocarditis]]
-*[[Erythema nodosum]]
-*[[Abscess]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Yersinia enterocolitica|''Yersinia enterocolitica'']]
+*[[Encephalitis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Guillain-Barré syndrome|Guillain–Barré syndrome]]
-*[[Stool culture]]
+*[[Pneumonia]]
-|-
+*[[Retinitis]]
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Vibrio cholerae|Vibrio cholera]]
+*[[Pericarditis]] and [[myocarditis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+*[[Atherosclerosis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+*[[Venous thromboembolism|Venous thrombosis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Positive [[stool culture]]
+*[[Cytomegalovirus|''Cytomegalovirus'']]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Azotemia]]
+*[[Quantitative polymerase chain reaction|Quantitative PCR]] tests
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+|-
-*Severe [[dehydration]]
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-*Decreased [[Turgor|skin turgor]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
-*[[Oliguria]]
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-*[[Renal insufficiency|Renal failure]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
-*[[Cramp|Muscle cramps]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
-*[[Seizure]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-*[[Somnolence]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
-*[[Cholera toxin]]
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
-*[[Stool culture]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Aeromonas]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Entamoeba histolytica]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-* [[Abdominal distention]]
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
-* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
+*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
-* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-*Positive [[stool culture]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
@@ Line 1,137: / Line 1,022: @@
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Wound [[infection]]
+*[[Liver abscess]]
-*[[Bacteremia]]
+*Pleuropulmonary infection
-*[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
+*[[Cardiac]] [[infection]]
-*[[Meningitis]]
+*[[Brain abscess]]
-*[[Ocular]] infection
+*[[Skin and soft-tissue infections|Cutaneous infection]]
-*[[Pneumonia]]
-*[[Urinary tract infection]]
-*[[Osteomyelitis]]
-*[[Peritonitis]]
-*[[Acute cholecystitis]]
-*[[Opportunistic infection|Opportunistic infections]] in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*''[[Aeromonas]]'' virulence factors including [[Endotoxin|endotoxins]], [[Hemolysin|hemolysins]], [[Enterotoxin|enterotoxins]], and adherence factors
+*[[Entamoeba histolytica|''Entamoeba histolytica'']]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Blood culture]]
+*Antigen testing
-*Wound [[Culture collection|culture]]
+*Serology
 |-
-! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Microsporidia]]
-! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
-! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
-|-
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Plesiomonas shigelloides|Plesiomonas]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
@@ Line 1,192: / Line 1,043: @@
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
-* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Positive [[stool culture]]
+*Positive stool microscopy
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Opportunistic infection|Opportunistic infections]] in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients or [[Hepato-biliary diseases|hepatobiliary disease]]
+*Decreased [[CD4]] count
-*[[Bacteremia]]
-*[[Cellulitis]] and [[Skin and soft-tissue infections|skin abscesses]]
-*[[Peritonitis]]
-*[[Meningoencephalitis]]
-*[[Ocular]] [[infection]]
-*[[Pneumonia]]
-*[[Prosthetic devices|Prosthetic]] joint [[infection]]
-*Septic [[Pregnancy termination complications|abortion]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Plesiomonas shigelloides|''Plesiomonas shigelloides'']]
+*[[Malabsorption]]
+*[[Keratitis]]
+*[[Seizure]]
+*[[Myositis]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Blood culture]]
+*[[Microsporidia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Antigen detection assays
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Mycobacterium avium complex]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Isospora]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
 *[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
-*[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
+*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+*Positive stool microscopy
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+*Positive [[fecal fat]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Elevated [[Liver function tests|liver enzymes]]
+*Elevated [[Eosinophil granulocyte|eosinophils]]
+*[[Hypokalemia]]
+*Increased [[creatinine]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Opportunistic infection]] in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
+*Chronic illness in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
-*[[Pulmonary]] [[infection]]
-*[[Lymphadenopathy|Adenopathy]]
-*[[Sleep hyperhidrosis|Night sweats]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Mycobacterium avium complex|''Mycobacterium avium complex'']]
+*[[Isospora|''Isospora'']]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Blood culture]]
+*Detecting oocysts in the feces
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Foodborne illness|Food poisoning]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[VIPoma]]
-* [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Bacillus cereus]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Clostridium perfringens]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Abdominal distention]]
-*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+* Abdominal [[RUQ]] [[tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+* [[Nausea]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+* [[Vomiting]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Positive [[stool culture]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*History of travel or ingestion of infected food
+*Elevated [[VIP]] level
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Hypokalemia]]
-*[[Enterotoxin|Enterotoxins]]
+*[[Hypochlorhydria]] or [[achlorhydria]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Low osmotic gap (<50 mOsm/kg)
-*[[Stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Rash]]
+* [[Facial flushing]]
+* [[Dehydration]]
+* [[Lethargy]]
+* [[Muscle weakness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Primary secretory tumor
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Blood [[VIP]] levels
+* Followed by imaging
 |-
-! rowspan="8" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Virus
 ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
 ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
@@ Line 1,311: / Line 1,166: @@
 ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Norovirus]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |Medications
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+* [[ACE inhibitor|ACE inhibitors]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+* [[Digoxin]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+* [[Cephalosporin|Cephalosporins]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+* [[Statins]]
+* [[Thiazide|Thiazide diuretics]]
+* [[Triptans]]
+* [[Lactulose]]
+* [[HIV AIDS medical therapy|Anti retroviral agents]]
+* [[Chemotherapy|Chemotherapeutic agents]]
+* [[Antifungal drug|Antifungals]]
+* [[Magnesium]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+*[[Abdominal distention]]
+*[[Dehydration]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Positive stool reverse–transcriptase [[polymerase chain reaction]] (RT–PCR)
+*Elevated plasma level of drug
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Myalgia]]
+*[[Inflammation]]
-*[[Headache]]
+*[[Pseudomembranous enterocolitis|Pseudomembranous colitis]]
-*[[Seizure]]
-*[[Encephalopathy]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Norovirus|''Norovirus'']]
+*Clinical evaluation after discontinuation of the drugs
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Clinical diagnosis
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Rotavirus]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |Factitious diarrhea
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Abdominal distention]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
-* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
@@ Line 1,363: / Line 1,226: @@
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Elevated [[blood urea nitrogen]]
+*[[Hypokalemia]]
-*[[Hyperchloremic acidosis]]
+*[[Metabolic alkalosis]]
-*[[Hypocalcemia]]
+*[[Hypermagnesemia]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]
+*[[Malabsorption]]
-*[[Intussusception]]
+*[[Lethargy]]
-*[[Biliary atresia]]
+*[[Generalized weakness]]
-*[[Central nervous system]] involvement
+*[[Acute kidney injury|Acute renal failure]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Rotavirus|''Rotavirus'']]
+*[[Medication|Medications]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Stool immune–based assays
+*Clinical evaluation after discontinuation of the drugs
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Echovirus]]
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
-*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
+|-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Organophosphate poisoning]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Hepatic failure|Liver failure]]
-*[[Myocarditis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Echovirus|''Echovirus'']]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Clinical diagnosis
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Adenoviridae|Adenovirus]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+*[[Saliva|Salivation]]
+*[[Nausea and vomiting|Vomiting]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Viral antigen assay
+*Reduced RBC acetylcholinesterase
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+*Plasma [[cholinesterase]] activity
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Respiratory disease]]
+*[[Dysautonomia|Autonomic dysfunction]]
-*[[Hyperkeratosis|Follicular]] [[conjunctivitis]]
+*Motor deficit
-*Epidemic [[keratoconjunctivitis]]
+*Sensory deficit
-*[[Hepatitis]]
+*[[Bronchospasm]]
-*[[Urethritis]]
+*[[Urination]]
-*[[Myocarditis]]
+*[[Miosis]]
-*[[Meningitis]]
+*[[Bradycardia]]
-*[[Bacteremia]]
+*[[Lacrimation]]
+*[[Sweating]]
+*[[Cardiac arrhythmia|Cardiac arrhythmias]]
+*[[Acute kidney injury|Acute renal injury]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Adenoviridae|''Adenovirus'']]
+*[[Neurotoxin|Neurotoxins]] bind to [[ACHE|acetylcholinesterase]] (AChE)
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
 *Clinical diagnosis
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[CMV colitis]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Opium withdrawal]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
+*Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-*Viral antigen assay
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Decreased [[CD4]] level
+*[[Azotemia]]
-*Abnormal [[Liver function tests|liver function test]]
+*[[Hypokalemia]]
+*[[Metabolic alkalosis]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Encephalitis]]
+*[[Dysphoria]]
-*[[Guillain-Barré syndrome|Guillain–Barré syndrome]]
+*[[Agitation (emotion)|Restlessness]]
-*[[Pneumonia]]
+*[[Perspiration|Sweating]]
-*[[Retinitis]]
+*[[Rhinorrhea]]
-*[[Pericarditis]] and [[myocarditis]]
+*[[Tears|Lacrimation]]
-*[[Atherosclerosis]]
+*[[Myalgia]]
-*[[Venous thromboembolism|Venous thrombosis]]
+*[[Arthralgia]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Cytomegalovirus|''Cytomegalovirus'']]
+*[[Opium|Opium withdrawal]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Quantitative polymerase chain reaction|Quantitative PCR]] tests
+*Clinical diagnosis following [[opium withdrawal]]
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Short bowel syndrome]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+* [[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
-*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
+* [[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[fecal fat]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Decreased [[CD4]] level
+* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
-*[[Electrolyte disturbance|Electrolyte imbalance]]
+* High level of [[Acute phase protein|acute phase reactant]]
+* Abnormal [[liver function tests]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Lymphadenopathy]]
+* Prior [[Intestine|intestinal]] surgery
-*Disseminated [[infection]]
+* [[Malabsorption]]
+* [[Crohn's disease]]
+* [[Cancer|Malignancy]]
+* Peripheral [[edema]]
+* [[Muscle atrophy]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|''HIV'']]
+* Surgical [[bowel resection]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*HIV virologic (viral load) test
+*Clinical diagnosis following [[bowel resection]]
-*Immunoassay
 |-
-| rowspan="7" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Parasite
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Radiation enteropathy|Radiation enteritis]]
-! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
-! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
-|-
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Entamoeba histolytica]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+* [[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
-*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Liver abscess]]
+*Positive [[fecal fat]]
-*Pleuropulmonary infection
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-*[[Cardiac]] [[infection]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-*[[Brain abscess]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-*[[Skin and soft-tissue infections|Cutaneous infection]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Entamoeba histolytica|''Entamoeba histolytica'']]
+*Vitamin B12 deficiency
+*[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Antigen testing
+*Prior history of [[Cancer|malignancy]] and [[radiation therapy]]
-*Serology
+*[[Malabsorption]]
-|-
+*[[Telangiectasia|Telangiectasias]]
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Giardia lamblia|Giardia]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
-*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Malabsorption]]
+*[[Radiation therapy|Radiation]]
-*[[Urticaria]]
-*[[Depression]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*''[[Giardia lamblia]]''
+*Segmental bowel [[inflammation]] on [[endoscopy]] or [[colonoscopy]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Antigen detection assays
 |-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cryptosporidium]]
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
-*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
-*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+|-
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
-*Positive stool microscopy
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
-*Elevated [[alkaline phosphatase]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
-*Chronic, life–threatening illness in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
-*[[Cryptosporidium|''Cryptosporidium'']]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Polymerase chain reaction
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Microsporidia]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
-*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Positive stool microscopy
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Decreased [[CD4]] count
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Malabsorption]]
-*[[Keratitis]]
-*[[Seizure]]
-*[[Myositis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Microsporidia]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Antigen detection assays
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Isospora]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
-*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Positive stool microscopy
-*Positive [[fecal fat]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Elevated [[Eosinophil granulocyte|eosinophils]]
-*[[Hypokalemia]]
-*Increased [[creatinine]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Chronic illness in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Isospora|''Isospora'']]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Detecting oocysts in the feces
-|-
-! colspan="2" rowspan="10" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Tumors
-! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
-! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
-|-
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
 ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Carcinoid syndrome|Carcinoid tumor]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-* [[Abdominal distention]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Elevated urinary [[5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid|5–hydroxyindoleacetic acid]] ([[5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid|5–HIAA]]) level
-*High [[chromogranin A]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Flushing|Facial flushing]]
-*[[Jaundice]]
-*[[Edema]]
-*[[Valvular heart disease]]
-*[[Congestive heart failure|Right–sided heart failure]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Well–differentiated [[Neuroendocrine tumors|neuroendocrine tumor]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Blood [[chromogranin A]]  level
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[VIPoma]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-* [[Abdominal distention]]
-* Abdominal [[RUQ]] [[tenderness]]
-* [[Nausea]]
-* [[Vomiting]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Elevated [[VIP]] level
-*[[Hypokalemia]]
-*[[Hypochlorhydria]] or [[achlorhydria]]
-*Low osmotic gap (<50 mOsm/kg)
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Rash]]
-* [[Facial flushing]]
-* [[Dehydration]]
-* [[Lethargy]]
-* [[Muscle weakness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Primary secretory tumor
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Blood [[VIP]] levels
-* Followed by imaging
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome|Zollinger–Ellison syndrome]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-** [[Tenderness|Epigastric tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Positive [[secretin]] stimulation test
-* Elevated serum [[chromogranin A]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-** [[Jaundice]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Gastrin]] producing [[tumor]] mainly in [[duodenum]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Secretin]] stimulation test
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Neuroendocrine tumors|Somatostatinoma]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-** [[Tenderness|Epigastric tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Elevated fasting plasma [[somatostatin]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-** [[Diabetes mellitus]]
-** [[Gallstone disease|Cholelithiasis]]
-** [[Jaundice]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Neuroendocrine tumors]] of D–cell origin
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Plasma [[somatostatin]] level
-*Followed by imaging
-|-
-! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
-! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
-|-
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Lymphoma]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
-*[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Paraproteinemia]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Malabsorption]]
-* [[Lactose intolerance]]
-* [[Ascites]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Primary [[tumor]] of GI tract
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Colonoscopy]] with [[biopsy]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Colorectal cancer]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Positive [[carcinoembryonic antigen]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Metastasis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[FAP|FAP gene]]
-*[[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer|HNPCC gene]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-** [[Colonoscopy]] and [[biopsy]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" rowspan="7" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Medication/Toxicity
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |Medications
-* [[ACE inhibitor|ACE inhibitors]]
-* [[Digoxin]]
-* [[Cephalosporin|Cephalosporins]]
-* [[Statins]]
-* [[Thiazide|Thiazide diuretics]]
-* [[Triptans]]
-* [[Lactulose]]
-* [[HIV AIDS medical therapy|Anti retroviral agents]]
-* [[Chemotherapy|Chemotherapeutic agents]]
-* [[Antifungal drug|Antifungals]]
-* [[Magnesium]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*[[Abdominal distention]]
-*[[Dehydration]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Elevated plasma level of drug
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Inflammation]]
-*[[Pseudomembranous enterocolitis|Pseudomembranous colitis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Clinical evaluation after discontinuation of the drugs
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |Factitious diarrhea
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*[[Abdominal distention]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Hypokalemia]]
-*[[Metabolic alkalosis]]
-*[[Hypermagnesemia]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Malabsorption]]
-*[[Lethargy]]
-*[[Generalized weakness]]
-*[[Acute kidney injury|Acute renal failure]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Medication|Medications]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Clinical evaluation after discontinuation of the drugs
-|-
-! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
-! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
-|-
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Heavy metal ingestion]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*[[Abdominal distention]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Elevated plasma heavy metal level
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Headache]]
-*[[Paresthesia|Numbness]]
-*[[Alopecia]]
-*[[Vertigo]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Heavy metal ingestion]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Plasma level of heavy metal
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Organophosphate poisoning]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*[[Saliva|Salivation]]
-*[[Nausea and vomiting|Vomiting]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Reduced RBC acetylcholinesterase
-*Plasma [[cholinesterase]] activity
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Dysautonomia|Autonomic dysfunction]]
-*Motor deficit
-*Sensory deficit
-*[[Bronchospasm]]
-*[[Urination]]
-*[[Miosis]]
-*[[Bradycardia]]
-*[[Lacrimation]]
-*[[Sweating]]
-*[[Cardiac arrhythmia|Cardiac arrhythmias]]
-*[[Acute kidney injury|Acute renal injury]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Neurotoxin|Neurotoxins]] bind to [[ACHE|acetylcholinesterase]] (AChE)
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Clinical diagnosis
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Opium withdrawal]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Azotemia]]
-*[[Hypokalemia]]
-*[[Metabolic alkalosis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Dysphoria]]
-*[[Agitation (emotion)|Restlessness]]
-*[[Perspiration|Sweating]]
-*[[Rhinorrhea]]
-*[[Tears|Lacrimation]]
-*[[Myalgia]]
-*[[Arthralgia]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Opium|Opium withdrawal]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Clinical diagnosis following [[opium withdrawal]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Iatrogenic
-! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
-! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
-|-
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Short bowel syndrome]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
-* [[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Positive [[fecal fat]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ↑
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
-* High level of [[Acute phase protein|acute phase reactant]]
-* Abnormal [[liver function tests]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Prior [[Intestine|intestinal]] surgery
-* [[Malabsorption]]
-* [[Crohn's disease]]
-* [[Cancer|Malignancy]]
-* Peripheral [[edema]]
-* [[Muscle atrophy]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Surgical [[bowel resection]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Clinical diagnosis following [[bowel resection]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Radiation enteropathy|Radiation enteritis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-* [[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Positive [[fecal fat]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Vitamin B12 deficiency
-*[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Prior history of [[Cancer|malignancy]] and [[radiation therapy]]
-*[[Malabsorption]]
-*[[Telangiectasia|Telangiectasias]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Radiation therapy|Radiation]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Segmental bowel [[inflammation]] on [[endoscopy]] or [[colonoscopy]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gastric dumping syndrome|Dumping syndrome]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*Hyperactive [[bowel sound]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Hypoglycemia]]
-* [[Hydrogen Breath Test|Hydrogen breath test]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Malnutrition]]
-*[[Fat soluble vitamins|Fat soluble vitamin]] deficiency
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Post operative complications|Postgastrectomy]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Clinical diagnosis following [[gastrectomy]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" rowspan="6" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Others
-! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
-! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
-! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
-! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
-|-
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
-! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Abetalipoproteinemia]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Abdominal distension]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Low [[triglyceride]]
-* Low total [[cholesterol]] levels
-* [[Acanthocytes]]
-* Low [[vitamin E]] levels
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Ataxia]]
-* [[Visual field defect]]
-* [[Dysarthria]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Autosomal recessive]] disorder caused by mutations encoding the [[microsomal triglyceride transfer protein]] (MTP)
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Clinical findings and low [[triglyceride]] and [[cholesterol]] level
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hyperthyroidism]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Positive [[fecal fat]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Elevated [[T4]]
-* Elevated [[T3]]
-* Decreased [[TSH]]
-* High serum [[alkaline phosphatase]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Lump in the neck
-* Lid lag
-* [[Malabsorption]]
-* [[Sweating]]
-* [[Hyperpigmentation]]
-* [[Proptosis]]
-* [[Tremor]]
-* Increased [[Deep tendon reflex|DTR]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Graves' disease]]
-* [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]]
-* [[Toxic adenoma]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[TSH]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*[[Fecal incontinence]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Positive [[fecal fat]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Hyperglycemia]]
-*[[Azotemia]]
-*[[Hypokalemia]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Malabsorption]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Unclear
-*Disordered [[motility]]
-*Increased [[Intestine|intestinal]] secretion
-*[[Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Clinical diagnosis in a patient with long lasting [[diabetes mellitus]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Scleroderma|Systemic sclerosis]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-*[[Abdominal pain|Epigastric tenderness]]
-*[[Fecal incontinence]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Positive [[fecal fat]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* Anti–[[Type I topoisomerase|topoisomerase I]] (Scl‑70) antibodies
-* [[Antinuclear antibodies]] ([[Antinuclear antibodies|ANA]])
-* [[Anti-centromere antibodies|Anti–centromere antibodies]]
-* Anti–[[RNA polymerase III]] antibody
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Malabsorption]]
-*[[Skin changes]]
-*[[Raynaud's phenomenon|Raynaud phenomenon]]
-*[[Pulmonary hypertension]]
-*[[Arthritis]]
-*[[Telangiectasia]]
-*[[Chronic renal failure]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*[[Autoimmunity|Autoimmune reaction]]
-| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-*Clinical diagnosis
-*Followed by serologic tests
 |- }
 |}

Acute diarrhea differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:35, 21 December 2017

Overview

Differential Diagnosis of Acute Diarrhea from other diseases

References

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