Interleukin

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List of terms related to Interleukin

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Interleukins are a group of cytokines (secreted signaling molecules) that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes, hence the -leukin) as a means of communication (inter-). The name is something of a relic though (the term was coined by Dr. Paetkau, University of Victoria); it has since been found that interleukins are produced by a wide variety of bodily cells. The function of the immune system depends in a large part on interleukins, and rare deficiencies of a number of them have been described, all featuring autoimmune diseases or immune deficiency.

List

A list of interleukins:

Name	Source	Function
IL-1	macrophages	small amounts induce acute phase reaction, large amounts induce fever.
IL-2	TH1-cells	stimulates growth and differentiation of T cell response. Can be used in immunotherapy to treat cancer or suppressed for transplant patients.
IL-3	T cells	stimulates bone marrow stem cells
IL-4	TH2-cells, just activated naive CD4+ cell, memory CD4+ cells	involved in proliferation of B cells and the development of T cells and mast cells. Important role in allergic response (IgE)
IL-5	TH2-cells	role in differentiation of B cells, eosinophil production, and IgA production
IL-6	macrophages, TH2-cells	induces acute phase reaction
IL-7	stromal cells of the red marrow and thymus	involved in B, T, and NK cell survival, development, and homeostasis
IL-8	macrophages, epithelial cells, endothelial cells	Neutrophil chemotaxis
IL-9	T-cells, specifically by CD4+ helper cells	stimulates mast cells
IL-10	monocytes, TH2-cells, mast cells	inhibits Th1 cytokine production
IL-11	bone marrow stroma	acute phase protein production
IL-12	macrophages	NK cell stimulation, Th1 cells induction. May suppress food allergies
IL-13	TH2-cells	Stimulates growth and differentiation of B-Cells (IgE), inhibits TH1-cells and the production of macrophage inflammatory cytokines
IL-14	T cells and certain malignant B cells	controls the growth and proliferation of B cells
IL-15	mononuclear phagocytes (and some other cells) following infection by virus(es).	Induces production of Natural Killer Cells
IL-16	a variety of cells (including lymphocytes and some epithelial cells)	chemoattracts immune cells expressing the cell surface molecule CD4
IL-17	-	Induces production of inflammatory cytokines
IL-18	macrophages	Induces production of Interferon-gamma (IFNγ)
IL-19		-
IL-20	-	regulates proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes
IL-21	-	Induces proliferation in natural killer cells (NK) and cytotoxic T cells
IL-22	-	Activates STAT1 and STAT3 and increases production of acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A, Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and haptoglobin in hepatoma cell lines
IL-23	-	Increases angiogenesis but reduces CD8 T-cell infiltration
IL-24	-	Plays important roles in tumor suppression, wound healing and psoriasis by influencing cell survival.
IL-25	-	Induces the production IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, which stimulate eosinophil expansion
IL-26	-	Enhances secretion of IL-10 and IL-8 and cell surface expression of CD54 on epithelial cells
IL-27	-	Regulates the activity of B lymphocyte and T lymphocytes
IL-28	-	Plays a role in immune defense against viruses
IL-29	-	Plays a role in host defenses against microbes
IL-30	-	Forms one chain of IL-27
IL-31	-	May play a role in inflammation of the skin
IL-32	-	Induces monocytes and macrophages to secrete TNF-α, IL-8 and CXCL2
IL-33	-	Induces helper T cells to produce type 2 cytokines