Somatization disorder: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Somatization disorder''' (also '''Briquet's disorder''' or, in antiquity, '''hysteria''') is a psychiatric diagnosis applied to patients who chronically and persistently complain of varied physical symptoms that have no identifiable physical origin. One common general [[etiology|etiological]] explanation is that internal [[psychological]] conflicts are [[Unconscious mind|unconscious]]ly expressed as physical signs. | '''Somatization disorder''' (also '''Briquet's disorder''' or, in antiquity, '''hysteria''') is a psychiatric diagnosis applied to patients who chronically and persistently complain of varied physical symptoms that have no identifiable physical origin. One common general [[etiology|etiological]] explanation is that internal [[psychological]] conflicts are [[Unconscious mind|unconscious]]ly expressed as physical signs. | ||
==Criteria== | ==Criteria== | ||
Somatization disorder is a [[somatoform disorder]]. The [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|''DSM-IV'']] establishes the following five criteria for the diagnosis of this disorder: | Somatization disorder is a [[somatoform disorder]]. The [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|''DSM-IV'']] establishes the following five criteria for the diagnosis of this disorder: | ||
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Such symptoms cannot be related to any medical condition. The symptoms do not all have to be occurring at the same time, but may occur over the course of the disorder. If a medical condition is present, then the symptoms must be excessive enough to warrant a separate diagnosis. Two symptoms can not be counted for the same thing e.g.if pain during intercourse is counted as a sexual symptom it can not be counted as a pain symptom. Finally, the symptoms cannot be being feigned out of an effort to gain attention or anything else by being sick, and they can not be deliberately induced symptoms. | Such symptoms cannot be related to any medical condition. The symptoms do not all have to be occurring at the same time, but may occur over the course of the disorder. If a medical condition is present, then the symptoms must be excessive enough to warrant a separate diagnosis. Two symptoms can not be counted for the same thing e.g.if pain during intercourse is counted as a sexual symptom it can not be counted as a pain symptom. Finally, the symptoms cannot be being feigned out of an effort to gain attention or anything else by being sick, and they can not be deliberately induced symptoms. | ||
==Prevalence== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===Prevalence=== | |||
Somatization disorder is not common in the general population. It is thought to occur in 0.2% to 2% of females,<ref>deGruy F, Columbia L, Dickinson P. (1987) "Somatization disorder in a family practice," ''J Fam Pract.'', 25(1):45–51.</ref><ref>Lichstein, P. R. (1986). "Caring for the patient with multiple somatic complaints," ''Southern Medical Journal'', 79(3), 310-314</ref><ref>Gordon, G.H. (1987). "Treating somatizing patients," ''Western Journal of Medicine'', 147, 88-91.</ref><ref>Farley J, Woodruff RA, Guze SB (1968). "The prevalence of hysteria | Somatization disorder is not common in the general population. It is thought to occur in 0.2% to 2% of females,<ref>deGruy F, Columbia L, Dickinson P. (1987) "Somatization disorder in a family practice," ''J Fam Pract.'', 25(1):45–51.</ref><ref>Lichstein, P. R. (1986). "Caring for the patient with multiple somatic complaints," ''Southern Medical Journal'', 79(3), 310-314</ref><ref>Gordon, G.H. (1987). "Treating somatizing patients," ''Western Journal of Medicine'', 147, 88-91.</ref><ref>Farley J, Woodruff RA, Guze SB (1968). "The prevalence of hysteria | ||
and conversion symptoms," ''The British Journal of Psychiatry'', 114:1121–1125 (1968).</ref> and, according to the DSM-IV, 0.2% of males.<ref>American Psychiatric Association. (1994). ''Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders'' (4th ed.). Washington, DC.</ref> There is usually co-morbidity with other psychological disorders, particularly mood or anxiety disorders. This condition is chronic and has a poor prognosis. | and conversion symptoms," ''The British Journal of Psychiatry'', 114:1121–1125 (1968).</ref> and, according to the DSM-IV, 0.2% of males.<ref>American Psychiatric Association. (1994). ''Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders'' (4th ed.). Washington, DC.</ref> There is usually co-morbidity with other psychological disorders, particularly mood or anxiety disorders. This condition is chronic and has a poor prognosis. | ||
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*Temple, S. (2003). A case of multiple chemical sensitivities: Cognitive therapy for somatization disorder and Metaworry. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 17(3), 267-277. | *Temple, S. (2003). A case of multiple chemical sensitivities: Cognitive therapy for somatization disorder and Metaworry. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 17(3), 267-277. | ||
== | ==Related Chapters== | ||
*[[Culture-bound syndrome]] | *[[Culture-bound syndrome]] | ||
*[[Psychosomatic illness]] | *[[Psychosomatic illness]] | ||
Revision as of 15:27, 30 January 2013
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Somatization disorder (also Briquet's disorder or, in antiquity, hysteria) is a psychiatric diagnosis applied to patients who chronically and persistently complain of varied physical symptoms that have no identifiable physical origin. One common general etiological explanation is that internal psychological conflicts are unconsciously expressed as physical signs.
Criteria
Somatization disorder is a somatoform disorder. The DSM-IV establishes the following five criteria for the diagnosis of this disorder:
- a history of somatic symptoms prior to the age of 30
- pain in at least four different sites on the body
- two gastrointestinal problems other than pain such as vomiting or diarrhea
- one sexual symptom such as lack of interest or erectile dysfunction
- one pseudoneurological symptom similar to those seen in Conversion disorder such as fainting or blindness.
Such symptoms cannot be related to any medical condition. The symptoms do not all have to be occurring at the same time, but may occur over the course of the disorder. If a medical condition is present, then the symptoms must be excessive enough to warrant a separate diagnosis. Two symptoms can not be counted for the same thing e.g.if pain during intercourse is counted as a sexual symptom it can not be counted as a pain symptom. Finally, the symptoms cannot be being feigned out of an effort to gain attention or anything else by being sick, and they can not be deliberately induced symptoms.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
Somatization disorder is not common in the general population. It is thought to occur in 0.2% to 2% of females,[1][2][3][4] and, according to the DSM-IV, 0.2% of males.[5] There is usually co-morbidity with other psychological disorders, particularly mood or anxiety disorders. This condition is chronic and has a poor prognosis.
Treatment
No one treatment has been found to cure somatization disorder. However, setting up a physician that screens complaints from patients before they are allowed to see a specialist significantly cuts down on cost of the disorder. Antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy have been shown to help treat the disorder.
Collaboration between a psychiatrist and primary care physician may help.[6]
References
- ↑ deGruy F, Columbia L, Dickinson P. (1987) "Somatization disorder in a family practice," J Fam Pract., 25(1):45–51.
- ↑ Lichstein, P. R. (1986). "Caring for the patient with multiple somatic complaints," Southern Medical Journal, 79(3), 310-314
- ↑ Gordon, G.H. (1987). "Treating somatizing patients," Western Journal of Medicine, 147, 88-91.
- ↑ Farley J, Woodruff RA, Guze SB (1968). "The prevalence of hysteria and conversion symptoms," The British Journal of Psychiatry, 114:1121–1125 (1968).
- ↑ American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC.
- ↑ Smith GR, Monson RA, Ray DC (1986). "Psychiatric consultation in somatization disorder. A randomized controlled study". N. Engl. J. Med. 314 (22): 1407–13. PMID 3084975.
- American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC.
- Barlow, David H. and V. Mark Durand (2006). Essentials of Abnormal Psychology (4th ed.) Belmont, CA.
- Bizer, J. (2003). "Somatization disorders in obstetrics and gynecology." Achieves of Women’s Mental Health, 6, 99-107.
- Hakala, M. (2004). "Volumes of the caudate nuclei in women with somatization disorder and healthy women." Psychiatry Research, 131(1), 71-78.
- Hakala, M., Karlsson, H., Ruotsalainen, U., Koponen, S., Bergman, J., Stenman, H., et al. (2002). "Severe somatization in women is associated with altered cerebral glucose metabolism." Psychological Medicine, 32(8), 1379-1385.
- Holder-Perkins, V., & Wise, T.N. (2001). "Somatization Disorder." In J.M. Oldham & M.B. Riba (Series Eds.) & K.A. Phillips (Vol. Ed.), Review of Psychiatry: Vol. 20. Somatization and Factitious Disorder (pp 1-26). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
- Looper, K.J., & Kirmayer, L.J. (2002). "Behavioral medicine approaches to somatoform disorders." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(3), 810-827.
- Martini, D.R. (Spring 1997). Somatoform disorders in the pediatric population. Journal of Children’s Memorial Hospital. Retrieved December 7, 2004.
- Niemi, P.M., Portin, R., Aalto, S., Hakala, M., & Karlsson, H. (2002). Cognitive functioning in severe somatization—a pilot study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 106, 461-463.
- Stahl, S.M. (2003). Antidepressants and somatic symptoms: Therapeutic actions are expanding beyond affective spectrum disorders to functional somatic syndromes. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64(7), 745-746.
- Temple, S. (2003). A case of multiple chemical sensitivities: Cognitive therapy for somatization disorder and Metaworry. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 17(3), 267-277.
Related Chapters