Acid phosphatase

Acid phosphatase

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Acid phosphatase is a phosphatase, a type of enzyme, used to free attached phosphate groups from other molecules during digestion.It is basically a phospho homo esterase . It is stored in lysosomes and functions when these fuse with endosomes, which are acidified while they function; therefore, it has an acid pH optimum.

Different forms of acid phosphatase are found in different organs, and their serum levels are used as a diagnostic for disease in the corresponding organs. For example, elevated prostatic acid phosphatase levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.

Acid phosphatase catalyzes the following reaction at an optimal pH below 7:

Orthophosphoric monoester + H₂O → alcohol + H₃PO₄

Differential Diagnosis

Common causes of Increased Acid Phosphatase

• Benign prostatic hypertrophy
• Bone metastases
• Breast Cancer
• Chronic Renal Disease
• Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
• Gaucher's Disease
• Hemolysis
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Leukemia
• Liver disease
• Megaloblastic anemia
• Multiple Myeloma
• Osteogenesis imperfecta
• Osteosarcoma
• Paget's Disease
• Polycythemia
• Prostate Cancer
• Prostatic manipulation
• Prostatitis
• Thrombocytosis

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Rheumatic fever
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Mirtazapine , Leuprolide , Histrelin , Leuprolide , Amifostine , Buserelin
Ear Nose Throat	Cholesteatoma , Mastoiditis in adults , Chronic otitis media
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Diseases of the liver , Primary biliary cirrhosis , Jaundice , Hepatotoxicity , Alcoholic Hepatitis
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	Sickle cell disease , Murine Leukemia , Multiple myeloma , Hemolysed blood sample , Haemolytic anaemia , Disseminated intravascular coagulation , Diseases of spleen
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Rheumatic fever , Chronic otitis media, , Mastoiditis in adults , Cholesteatoma
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Paget disease of bone , Osteopetrosis
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	Glycogen storage disease , Gaucher disease
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Glucocorticoid-resistant asthma , Extrapulmonary small cell cancer , Diseases of lungs
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Systemic lupus erythematosus , Myopathy , Rheumatic fever
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	Prostatitis , Prostate cancer , Castration resistant prostate cancer , Prostate instrumentation
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Alcoholic Hepatitis
• Amifostine
• Bone disease in diabetes mellitus
• Bone metastases
• Benign prostatic hypertrophy
• Breast Cancer
• Buserelin
• Castration resistant prostate cancer
• Cholesteatoma
• Chronic otitis media
• Chronic Renal Disease
• Disease of liver
• Diseases of kidney
• Diseases of lungs
• Diseases of spleen
• Diseases of the liver
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation
• Extrapulmonary small cell cancer
• Gaucher disease
• Glucocorticoid-resistant asthma
• Glycogen storage disease
• Haemolytic anaemia
• Hairy cell leukemia
• Hemolysed blood sample
• Hepatotoxicity
• Hyperostosis corticalis deformans juvenilis
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Imiglucerase (glucocerebrosidase)
• Jaundice
• Leukemia
• Leuprolide
• Liver disease
• Histrelin
• Mastoiditis in adults
• Megaloblastic anemia
• Mirtazapine
• Multiple myeloma
• Murine Leukemia
• Myopathy
• Osteopetrosis (benign)
• Osteopetrosis (malignant)
• Osteogenesis imperfecta
• Osteosarcoma
• Paget disease of bone
• Polycythemia
• Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Prostate cancer
• Prostatitis
• Prostatic manipulation
• Rheumatic fever
• Sickle cell disease
• Sphingomyelinase deficiency
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Thrombocytosis

See also

• alkaline phosphatase

External links

• Acid+phosphatase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• EC 3.1.3.2

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