Cyanosis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Cyanosis}} | {{Cyanosis}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
== Differential | == Differential Diagnosis == | ||
<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:''' | <span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:''' | ||
CXR= [[Chest X-ray]], CT= [[Computed tomography]], ABG= [[Arterial blood gas]], V/Q= [[Ventilation/perfusion scan]] , EKG= [[Electrocardiogram]], COPD= [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], BNP= [[Brain natriuretic peptide]], DVT= [[Deep vein thrombosis]], HRCT= [[High Resolution CT]], IgE= [[Immunoglobulin E]]</span> | |||
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center" | {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center" | ||
! colspan="3" rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diseases | ! colspan="3" rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diseases | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Brassy [[cough]], [[Hoarseness]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Brassy [[cough]], [[Hoarseness]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[Sleep apnea]]<ref name="pmid26336596">{{cite journal| author=Spicuzza L, Caruso D, Di Maria G| title=Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and its management. | journal=Ther Adv Chronic Dis | year= 2015 | volume= 6 | issue= 5 | pages= 273-85 | pmid=26336596 | doi=10.1177/2040622315590318 | pmc=4549693 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26336596 }}</ref> | ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Sleep apnea]]<ref name="pmid26336596">{{cite journal| author=Spicuzza L, Caruso D, Di Maria G| title=Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and its management. | journal=Ther Adv Chronic Dis | year= 2015 | volume= 6 | issue= 5 | pages= 273-85 | pmid=26336596 | doi=10.1177/2040622315590318 | pmc=4549693 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26336596 }}</ref> | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Polycythemia]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | |||
| - | | - | ||
| | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
| | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Polysomnography]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Polysomnography|'''Polysomnography''']] | |||
| | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Nightmares]], [[Snoring]] | ||
|Normal | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Chronic [[bronchitis]]<ref name="pmid23204254">{{cite journal| author=Kim V, Criner GJ| title=Chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | journal=Am J Respir Crit Care Med | year= 2013 | volume= 187 | issue= 3 | pages= 228-37 | pmid=23204254 | doi=10.1164/rccm.201210-1843CI | pmc=4951627 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23204254 }}</ref> | ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Chronic [[bronchitis]]<ref name="pmid23204254">{{cite journal| author=Kim V, Criner GJ| title=Chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | journal=Am J Respir Crit Care Med | year= 2013 | volume= 187 | issue= 3 | pages= 228-37 | pmid=23204254 | doi=10.1164/rccm.201210-1843CI | pmc=4951627 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23204254 }}</ref> | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| +/- | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/- | ||
| +/- | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/- | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|[[Rales]], [[crackles]], [[Wheeze]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rales]], [[crackles]], [[Wheeze]] | ||
|[[Leukocytosis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] | ||
|↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Respiratory acidosis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Respiratory acidosis]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hypokalemia]], [[Hypernatremia]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Gram stain]] of [[sputum]] | |||
|Elongated [[heart]], Flattened [[Diaphragm|diaphragms]], Prominent [[hilar]] [[vasculature]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Elongated [[heart]], Flattened [[Diaphragm|diaphragms]], Prominent [[hilar]] [[vasculature]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Bronchial]] wall thickening with increased bronchovascular markings | |||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|[[High Resolution CT|HRCT]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[High Resolution CT|HRCT]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Productive cough]], [[Chest tightness]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[Atelectasis]]<ref name="pmid12531090">{{cite journal |vauthors=Peroni DG, Boner AL |title=Atelectasis: mechanisms, diagnosis and management |journal=Paediatr Respir Rev |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=274–8 |date=September 2000 |pmid=12531090 |doi=10.1053/prrv.2000.0059 |url=}}</ref> | ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Atelectasis]]<ref name="pmid12531090">{{cite journal |vauthors=Peroni DG, Boner AL |title=Atelectasis: mechanisms, diagnosis and management |journal=Paediatr Respir Rev |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=274–8 |date=September 2000 |pmid=12531090 |doi=10.1053/prrv.2000.0059 |url=}}</ref> | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|Localized diminished [[breath sounds]], [[Wheeze]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Localized diminished [[breath sounds]], [[Wheeze]] | ||
|[[Leukocytosis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] | ||
|↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Respiratory acidosis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Respiratory acidosis]] | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Localized increased [[opacity]], Deviation ''toward'' the [[atelectasis]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Local crowding of [[pulmonary vessels]] and [[bronchi]] | |||
Deviation ''toward'' the [[atelectasis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[MRI]] for distinguishing obstructive from non-obstructive | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[High Resolution CT|HRCT]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Cough]], [[Shallow breathing]] | |||
|[[High Resolution CT|HRCT]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="10" |[[Parenchymal lung disease|Parenchymal | ! rowspan="10" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Parenchymal lung disease|Parenchymal disorder]] | ||
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Alveolitis]]<ref name="pmid1620846">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee JS, Im JG, Ahn JM, Kim YM, Han MC |title=Fibrosing alveolitis: prognostic implication of ground-glass attenuation at high-resolution CT |journal=Radiology |volume=184 |issue=2 |pages=451–4 |date=August 1992 |pmid=1620846 |doi=10.1148/radiology.184.2.1620846 |url=}}</ref> | |||
![[Alveolitis]]<ref name="pmid1620846">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee JS, Im JG, Ahn JM, Kim YM, Han MC |title=Fibrosing alveolitis: prognostic implication of ground-glass attenuation at high-resolution CT |journal=Radiology |volume=184 |issue=2 |pages=451–4 |date=August 1992 |pmid=1620846 |doi=10.1148/radiology.184.2.1620846 |url=}}</ref> | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/- | ||
| +/- | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/- | ||
| +/- | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Wheeze]], [[Crackles]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[Eosinophilia]] | |||
|[[Leukocytosis]], [[Eosinophilia]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]] | ||
|↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[ESR]], ↑[[CRP]] | ||
|↑[[ESR]], ↑[[CRP]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Scattered [[Opacity|opacities]], Fine reticulation | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Homogeneous [[Ground glass opacification on CT|ground-glass opacity]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | |||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[High Resolution CT|HRCT]] PLUS [[Physical examination|Clinical findings]] | ||
|[[High Resolution CT|HRCT]] PLUS [[Physical examination|Clinical findings]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Malaise]], [[Chills]], [[Headache]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pneumonia]]<ref name="pmid25165554">{{cite journal| author=Simonetti AF, Viasus D, Garcia-Vidal C, Carratalà J| title=Management of community-acquired pneumonia in older adults. | journal=Ther Adv Infect Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 3-16 | pmid=25165554 | doi=10.1177/2049936113518041 | pmc=4072047 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25165554 }}</ref> | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pneumonia]]<ref name="pmid25165554">{{cite journal| author=Simonetti AF, Viasus D, Garcia-Vidal C, Carratalà J| title=Management of community-acquired pneumonia in older adults. | journal=Ther Adv Infect Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 3-16 | pmid=25165554 | doi=10.1177/2049936113518041 | pmc=4072047 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25165554 }}</ref> | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Pulmonary hypertension]], [[Right heart failure]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Pulmonary hypertension]], [[Right heart failure]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[Tuberculosis]]<ref name="OlalekanOluwaseun2015">{{cite journal|last1=Olalekan|first1=Adebimpe Wasiu|last2=Oluwaseun|first2=Faremi Ayodeji|last3=Oladele|first3=Hassan Abdul-Wasiu|last4=Akeem|first4=Adeyemi Damilare|title=Evaluation of electrolyte imbalance among tuberculosis patients receiving treatments in Southwestern Nigeria|journal=Alexandria Journal of Medicine|volume=51|issue=3|year=2015|pages=255–260|issn=20905068|doi=10.1016/j.ajme.2014.10.003}}</ref> | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Tuberculosis]]<ref name="OlalekanOluwaseun2015">{{cite journal|last1=Olalekan|first1=Adebimpe Wasiu|last2=Oluwaseun|first2=Faremi Ayodeji|last3=Oladele|first3=Hassan Abdul-Wasiu|last4=Akeem|first4=Adeyemi Damilare|title=Evaluation of electrolyte imbalance among tuberculosis patients receiving treatments in Southwestern Nigeria|journal=Alexandria Journal of Medicine|volume=51|issue=3|year=2015|pages=255–260|issn=20905068|doi=10.1016/j.ajme.2014.10.003}}</ref> | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| +/- | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/- | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|Reduced [[breath sounds]], [[Wheeze]], [[Inspiration|Inspiratory]] [[crackles]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Reduced [[breath sounds]], [[Wheeze]], [[Inspiration|Inspiratory]] [[crackles]] | ||
|[[Leukocytosis]], ↑[[Lymphocyte]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]], ↑[[Lymphocyte]] | ||
|↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hyponatremia]], [[Hyperkalemia]], [[Hypochloremia]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[PPD]], [[Interferon-gamma release assay|interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Dense, homogeneous [[Consolidation (medicine)|parenchymal consolidation]] | |||
[[Interferon-gamma release assay|interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Nodules]] with low-density centers and rim enhancement | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Pet scan|Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (FDG PET/CT)]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Sputum culture]], [[QuantiFERON-TB Gold|QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT)]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Loss of appetite]], [[Night sweats]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[Pulmonary fibrosis]] | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pulmonary fibrosis]] | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[Pneumoconiosis]] | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pneumoconiosis]] | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| +/- | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/- | ||
| +/- | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/- | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[Lung cancer]] | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Lung cancer]] | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| +/- | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/- | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]] | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]] | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| +/- | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/- | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pulmonary vascular congestion|Pulmonary vascular disorders]] | ! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pulmonary vascular congestion|Pulmonary vascular disorders]] | ||
Line 413: | Line 404: | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Cerebral arteriovenous malformation]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Cerebral arteriovenous malformation]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[Pulmonary hypertension]] | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pulmonary hypertension]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Chest wall deformities|Chest wall disorders]] | ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Chest wall deformities|Chest wall disorders]] | ||
Line 625: | Line 616: | ||
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Fatigue]], [[Sweating]], [[Pale skin|Pale]] or cool [[skin]] | ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Fatigue]], [[Sweating]], [[Pale skin|Pale]] or cool [[skin]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[Patent ductus arteriosus]] | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Patent ductus arteriosus]] | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="7" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Acquired disorder|Acquired disorders]] | ! rowspan="7" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Acquired disorder|Acquired disorders]] | ||
Line 702: | Line 693: | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Dizziness]], [[Fatigue]], [[Lightheadedness]], [[Cold sweat]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Dizziness]], [[Fatigue]], [[Lightheadedness]], [[Cold sweat]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[Cardiogenic shock]]<ref name="pmid22675405">{{cite journal| author=Werdan K, Ruß M, Buerke M, Delle-Karth G, Geppert A, Schöndube FA et al.| title=Cardiogenic shock due to myocardial infarction: diagnosis, monitoring and treatment: a German-Austrian S3 Guideline. | journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int | year= 2012 | volume= 109 | issue= 19 | pages= 343-51 | pmid=22675405 | doi=10.3238/arztebl.2012.0343 | pmc=3364528 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22675405 }}</ref> | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cardiogenic shock]]<ref name="pmid22675405">{{cite journal| author=Werdan K, Ruß M, Buerke M, Delle-Karth G, Geppert A, Schöndube FA et al.| title=Cardiogenic shock due to myocardial infarction: diagnosis, monitoring and treatment: a German-Austrian S3 Guideline. | journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int | year= 2012 | volume= 109 | issue= 19 | pages= 343-51 | pmid=22675405 | doi=10.3238/arztebl.2012.0343 | pmc=3364528 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22675405 }}</ref> | ||
| +/- | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/- | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Muffled heart sounds|Muffled heart sound]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Anemia]] | |||
|↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]] | ||
|[[Hyperkalemia]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hyperkalemia]] | ||
|↓[[PaO2]] in [[pulse oximetry]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓[[PaO2]] in [[pulse oximetry]] | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|[[Echocardiography]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Echocardiography]] | ||
|[[Clinical]] findings | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Clinical]] findings | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Tachypnea]], [[Palpitation]], [[Hypotension]], Weak [[pulse]] | |||
Weak [[pulse]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[Cardiomyopathy]] | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cardiomyopathy]] | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[Heart tumors]] | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Heart tumors]] | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[Mitral Stenosis]] | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Mitral Stenosis]] | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="5" |[[Vascular disease]] | ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" rowspan="5" |[[Vascular disease]] | ||
! rowspan="3" |[[Arterial Insufficiency|Arterial disorders]] | ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" rowspan="3" |[[Arterial Insufficiency|Arterial disorders]] | ||
![[Ddx:Acrocyanosis|Acrocyanosis]] | ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ddx:Acrocyanosis|Acrocyanosis]] | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Arterial [[embolism]] | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Arterial [[embolism]] | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[Raynaud's Phenomenon]] | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Raynaud's Phenomenon]] | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" |[[Venous insufficiency|Venous disorders]] | ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" rowspan="2" |[[Venous insufficiency|Venous disorders]] | ||
![[Superior vena cava obstruction]] | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Superior vena cava obstruction]] | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
![[Venous stasis]] | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Venous stasis]] | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3" |Disease | ! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Disease | ||
|Peripheral | | style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Peripheral | ||
|Central | | style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Central | ||
|Dyspnea | | style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Dyspnea | ||
|Fever | | style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever | ||
|Chest pain | | style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chest pain | ||
|Clubbing | | style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Clubbing | ||
|Peripheral edema | | style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Peripheral edema | ||
|Auscultation | | style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Auscultation | ||
!CBC | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC | ||
!ABG | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |ABG | ||
!Electrolytes | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Electrolytes | ||
!Other | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other | ||
!X-ray | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |X-ray | ||
!CT scan | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CT scan | ||
!Other | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other | ||
|Gold standard | | style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard | ||
|Additional findings | | style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Additional findings | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |[[Hematologic diseases]] | ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hematologic diseases]] | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="1" |[[Methemoglobinemia]]<ref name="pmid21954509">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ashurst J, Wasson M |title=Methemoglobinemia: a systematic review of the pathophysiology, detection, and treatment |journal=Del Med J |volume=83 |issue=7 |pages=203–8 |date=July 2011 |pmid=21954509 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Methemoglobinemia]]<ref name="pmid21954509">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ashurst J, Wasson M |title=Methemoglobinemia: a systematic review of the pathophysiology, detection, and treatment |journal=Del Med J |volume=83 |issue=7 |pages=203–8 |date=July 2011 |pmid=21954509 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| +/- | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/- | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|[[Wheezing]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Wheezing]] | ||
|[[Anemia]], [[Methemoglobinemia]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Anemia]], [[Methemoglobinemia]] | ||
|Normal [[PaO2]], ↑[[Oxygen saturation|SaO2]], "Saturation gap" | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal [[PaO2]], ↑[[Oxygen saturation|SaO2]], "Saturation gap" | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|↓[[Oxygen saturation|SaO2]] in [[pulse oximetry]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓[[Oxygen saturation|SaO2]] in [[pulse oximetry]] | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|[[Echocardiography]] for ruling out other causes | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Echocardiography]] for ruling out other causes | ||
|[[Oximetry|Co-oximetry]], [[Arterial blood gas|ABG]] paired with [[pulse oximetry]]. Serum [[methemoglobin]] levels | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Oximetry|Co-oximetry]], [[Arterial blood gas|ABG]] paired with [[pulse oximetry]]. Serum [[methemoglobin]] levels | ||
|[[Headache]], [[Altered mental status]], [[Delirium]], [[Seizure]], [[Coma]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Headache]], [[Altered mental status]], [[Delirium]], [[Seizure]], [[Coma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Polycythemia]]<ref name="pmid11841424">{{cite journal |vauthors=Spivak JL |title=The optimal management of polycythaemia vera |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=243–54 |date=February 2002 |pmid=11841424 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | | colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Polycythemia]]<ref name="pmid11841424">{{cite journal |vauthors=Spivak JL |title=The optimal management of polycythaemia vera |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=243–54 |date=February 2002 |pmid=11841424 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| +/- | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/- | ||
| +/- | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/- | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|↑[[RBC]], ↑[[WBC]], ↑[[Hemoglobin|HGB]], ↑[[Platelet|Plt]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[RBC]], ↑[[WBC]], ↑[[Hemoglobin|HGB]], ↑[[Platelet|Plt]] | ||
|↓[[Oxygen|O2]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]] | ||
|[[Hyperkalemia]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hyperkalemia]] | ||
|↑[[Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase]], ↑[[Ferritin]], ↑[[Erythropoietin]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase]], ↑[[Ferritin]], ↑[[Erythropoietin]] | ||
|[[Arteriovenous malformation|AVM]], [[COPD]], [[pulmonary hypertension]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Arteriovenous malformation|AVM]], [[COPD]], [[pulmonary hypertension]] | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|[[Ultrasound|Abdominal ultrasound]] or renal vascular studies for ruling out [[renal artery stenosis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Ultrasound|Abdominal ultrasound]] or renal vascular studies for ruling out [[renal artery stenosis]] | ||
|[[RBC]] mass (RCM) and [[Blood plasma|plasma volume]] measurement | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RBC]] mass (RCM) and [[Blood plasma|plasma volume]] measurement | ||
|[[Itchiness]], [[Headache]]. [[Dizziness]]. [[Blurred vision]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Itchiness]], [[Headache]]. [[Dizziness]]. [[Blurred vision]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" rowspan="4" |[[Neurological disease]] | ! colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Neurological disease]] | ||
|[[Breath-holding spells]]<ref name="pmid25676645">{{cite journal| author=Goldman RD| title=Breath-holding spells in infants. | journal=Can Fam Physician | year= 2015 | volume= 61 | issue= 2 | pages= 149-50 | pmid=25676645 | doi= | pmc=4325862 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25676645 }}</ref> | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Breath-holding spells]]<ref name="pmid25676645">{{cite journal| author=Goldman RD| title=Breath-holding spells in infants. | journal=Can Fam Physician | year= 2015 | volume= 61 | issue= 2 | pages= 149-50 | pmid=25676645 | doi= | pmc=4325862 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25676645 }}</ref> | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| +/- | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/- | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|[[Wheezing]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Wheezing]] | ||
|[[Microcytic anemia|Hypochromic microcytic anemia]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Microcytic anemia|Hypochromic microcytic anemia]] | ||
|↓[[Oxygen|O2]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]] | ||
|[[Hypocalcemia]], [[Hypokalemia]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hypocalcemia]], [[Hypokalemia]] | ||
|[[Iron deficiency]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Iron deficiency]] | ||
|Ruling out [[foreign body aspiration]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Ruling out [[foreign body aspiration]] | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|[[EEG]] monitoring | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[EEG]] monitoring | ||
|[[Clinical]] findings | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Clinical]] findings | ||
|[[Fainting]], [[Twitching|Twitching muscles]], [[Seizure]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Fainting]], [[Twitching|Twitching muscles]], [[Seizure]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[Seizure]]<ref name="pmid20689626">{{cite journal| author=Goldenberg MM| title=Overview of drugs used for epilepsy and seizures: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. | journal=P T | year= 2010 | volume= 35 | issue= 7 | pages= 392-415 | pmid=20689626 | doi= | pmc=2912003 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20689626 }}</ref> | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Seizure]]<ref name="pmid20689626">{{cite journal| author=Goldenberg MM| title=Overview of drugs used for epilepsy and seizures: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. | journal=P T | year= 2010 | volume= 35 | issue= 7 | pages= 392-415 | pmid=20689626 | doi= | pmc=2912003 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20689626 }}</ref> | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| +/- | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/- | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]] | ||
|[[Hyponatremia]], [[Hypocalcemia|Hypo]]/[[Hypercalcemia]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hyponatremia]], [[Hypocalcemia|Hypo]]/[[Hypercalcemia]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[Creatine kinase|CPK]], ↑[[LDH]], | |||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|[[EEG]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[EEG]] | ||
|[[EEG]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[EEG]] | ||
|[[Fainting]], [[Tonic-clonic|Tonic-clonic movements]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Fainting]], [[Tonic-clonic|Tonic-clonic movements]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[Coma]]<ref name="pmid21190458">{{cite journal| author=Brown EN, Lydic R, Schiff ND| title=General anesthesia, sleep, and coma. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2010 | volume= 363 | issue= 27 | pages= 2638-50 | pmid=21190458 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra0808281 | pmc=3162622 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21190458 }}</ref> | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Coma]]<ref name="pmid21190458">{{cite journal| author=Brown EN, Lydic R, Schiff ND| title=General anesthesia, sleep, and coma. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2010 | volume= 363 | issue= 27 | pages= 2638-50 | pmid=21190458 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra0808281 | pmc=3162622 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21190458 }}</ref> | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| +/- | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/- | ||
|[[Wheezing]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Wheezing]] | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]] | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|Underlying [[disease]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Underlying [[disease]] | ||
|Underlying [[disease]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Underlying [[disease]] | ||
| - | | - | ||
![[Glasgow coma scale|Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)]] | ![[Glasgow coma scale|Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)]] | ||
!Depressed [[brainstem]] reflexes, [[Agonal breathing]] | !Depressed [[brainstem]] reflexes, [[Agonal breathing]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[Head trauma]]<ref name="pmid22033563">{{cite journal| author=McAllister TW| title=Neurobiological consequences of traumatic brain injury. | journal=Dialogues Clin Neurosci | year= 2011 | volume= 13 | issue= 3 | pages= 287-300 | pmid=22033563 | doi= | pmc=3182015 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22033563 }}</ref> | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Head trauma]]<ref name="pmid22033563">{{cite journal| author=McAllister TW| title=Neurobiological consequences of traumatic brain injury. | journal=Dialogues Clin Neurosci | year= 2011 | volume= 13 | issue= 3 | pages= 287-300 | pmid=22033563 | doi= | pmc=3182015 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22033563 }}</ref> | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]] | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
| - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Skull fracture]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Intracranial hemorrhage]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[MRI]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[CT scan]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Nausea]], [[Hypertension]], [[Bradycardia]],[[Tachypnea]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" rowspan="4" |Miscellaneous | ! colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Miscellaneous | ||
![[High altitude exposure]] | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[High altitude exposure]] | ||
| +/- | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +/- | ||
| + | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Septic shock]]<ref name="pmid28117397">{{cite journal| author=Hotchkiss RS, Moldawer LL, Opal SM, Reinhart K, Turnbull IR, Vincent JL| title=Sepsis and septic shock. | journal=Nat Rev Dis Primers | year= 2016 | volume= 2 | issue= | pages= 16045 | pmid=28117397 | doi=10.1038/nrdp.2016.45 | pmc=5538252 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28117397 }}</ref> | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Septic shock]]<ref name="pmid28117397">{{cite journal| author=Hotchkiss RS, Moldawer LL, Opal SM, Reinhart K, Turnbull IR, Vincent JL| title=Sepsis and septic shock. | journal=Nat Rev Dis Primers | year= 2016 | volume= 2 | issue= | pages= 16045 | pmid=28117397 | doi=10.1038/nrdp.2016.45 | pmc=5538252 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28117397 }}</ref> | ||
Line 1,042: | Line 1,031: | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rales]], [[crackles]], [[Wheeze]], [[Pleural friction rub]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rales]], [[crackles]], [[Wheeze]], [[Pleural friction rub]] | ||
|[[Leukocytosis]] with [[neutrophilia]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] with [[neutrophilia]] | ||
|↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Metabolic acidosis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Metabolic acidosis]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Hyperkalemia]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Hyperkalemia]] | ||
|↑[[ESR]], ↑[[CRP]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[ESR]], ↑[[CRP]] | ||
|[[Consolidation (medicine)|Consolidation]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Consolidation (medicine)|Consolidation]] | ||
|[[Pulmonary]] infiltration | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Pulmonary]] infiltration | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Echocardiography]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Echocardiography]] | ||
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Blood culture]] | ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Blood culture]] | ||
Line 1,061: | Line 1,050: | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Wheezing]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Wheezing]] | ||
|[[Anemia]], [[Carboxyhemoglobin]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Anemia]], [[Carboxyhemoglobin]] | ||
|↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Respiratory acidosis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Respiratory acidosis]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Normal | ||
|[[Pulse oximetry|CO-oximetry]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Pulse oximetry|CO-oximetry]] | ||
|Diffuse [[Opacity|opacities]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Diffuse [[Opacity|opacities]] | ||
|[[Pulmonary]] infiltration | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Pulmonary]] infiltration | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Pulmonary function testing]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Pulmonary function testing]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Bronchoscopy]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Bronchoscopy]] | ||
Line 1,080: | Line 1,069: | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | - | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|[[Leukopenia]], ↑[[RBC]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukopenia]], ↑[[RBC]] | ||
|↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Metabolic acidosis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Metabolic acidosis]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Hypokalemia]], [[Hypocalcemia]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Hypokalemia]], [[Hypocalcemia]] | ||
|Hyperglycemia, ↑[[Creatine kinase|CK]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Hyperglycemia, ↑[[Creatine kinase|CK]] | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
|Normal | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Normal | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | - | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | - | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Clinical]] findings | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |[[Clinical]] findings | ||
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*'''Severe (<'''28°C) [[Coma]], [[hypotension]], [[arrhythmia]], [[pulmonary edema]], and rigidity. | *'''Severe (<'''28°C) [[Coma]], [[hypotension]], [[arrhythmia]], [[pulmonary edema]], and rigidity. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 21:21, 9 March 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Differential Diagnosis
Abbreviations: CXR= Chest X-ray, CT= Computed tomography, ABG= Arterial blood gas, V/Q= Ventilation/perfusion scan , EKG= Electrocardiogram, COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BNP= Brain natriuretic peptide, DVT= Deep vein thrombosis, HRCT= High Resolution CT, IgE= Immunoglobulin E
References
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- ↑ Abdallah C (2012). "Acute epiglottitis: Trends, diagnosis and management". Saudi J Anaesth. 6 (3): 279–81. doi:10.4103/1658-354X.101222. PMC 3498669. PMID 23162404.
- ↑ Qureshi A, Behzadi A (2008). "Foreign-body aspiration in an adult". Can J Surg. 51 (3): E69–70. PMC 2496600. PMID 18682760.
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- ↑ Kim V, Criner GJ (2013). "Chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 187 (3): 228–37. doi:10.1164/rccm.201210-1843CI. PMC 4951627. PMID 23204254.
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- ↑ Lee JS, Im JG, Ahn JM, Kim YM, Han MC (August 1992). "Fibrosing alveolitis: prognostic implication of ground-glass attenuation at high-resolution CT". Radiology. 184 (2): 451–4. doi:10.1148/radiology.184.2.1620846. PMID 1620846.
- ↑ Simonetti AF, Viasus D, Garcia-Vidal C, Carratalà J (2014). "Management of community-acquired pneumonia in older adults". Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1177/2049936113518041. PMC 4072047. PMID 25165554.
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- ↑ Bĕlohlávek J, Dytrych V, Linhart A (2013). "Pulmonary embolism, part I: Epidemiology, risk factors and risk stratification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism". Exp Clin Cardiol. 18 (2): 129–38. PMC 3718593. PMID 23940438.
- ↑ Khurshid I, Downie GH (2002). "Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation". Postgrad Med J. 78 (918): 191–7. PMC 1742331. PMID 11930021.
- ↑ Doshi HM, Robinson S, Chalhoub T, Jack S, Denison A, Gibson G (2009). "Massive spontaneous hemothorax during the immediate postpartum period". Tex Heart Inst J. 36 (3): 247–9. PMC 2696501. PMID 19568398.
- ↑ Chanatry BJ (1992). "Acute hemothorax owing to pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in pregnancy". Anesth. Analg. 74 (4): 613–5. PMID 1554132.
- ↑ Pettiford BL, Luketich JD, Landreneau RJ (February 2007). "The management of flail chest". Thorac Surg Clin. 17 (1): 25–33. doi:10.1016/j.thorsurg.2007.02.005. PMID 17650694.
- ↑ Luh SP (2010). "Review: Diagnosis and treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax". J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 11 (10): 735–44. doi:10.1631/jzus.B1000131. PMC 2950234. PMID 20872980.
- ↑ Macris MP, Ott DA, Cooley DA (1992). "Complete atrioventricular canal defect: surgical considerations". Tex Heart Inst J. 19 (3): 239–43. PMC 326195. PMID 15227445.
- ↑ Safi LM, Liberthson RR, Bhatt A (September 2016). "Current Management of Ebstein's Anomaly in the Adult". Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 18 (9): 56. doi:10.1007/s11936-016-0478-2. PMID 27439413.
- ↑ Bailliard F, Anderson RH (2009). "Tetralogy of Fallot". Orphanet J Rare Dis. 4: 2. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-4-2. PMC 2651859. PMID 19144126.
- ↑ Yoo BW, Park HK (2013). "Pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary regurgitation: both ends of the spectrum in residual hemodynamic impairment after tetralogy of Fallot repair". Korean J Pediatr. 56 (6): 235–41. doi:10.3345/kjp.2013.56.6.235. PMC 3693041. PMID 23807889.
- ↑ Stein P (March 2007). "Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection". AORN J. 85 (3): 509–20, quiz 521–4. doi:10.1016/S0001-2092(07)60123-9. PMID 17352891.
- ↑ Martins P, Castela E (2008). "Transposition of the great arteries". Orphanet J Rare Dis. 3: 27. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-3-27. PMC 2577629. PMID 18851735.
- ↑ Van Praagh R (1987). "Truncus arteriosus: what is it really and how should it be classified?". Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1 (2): 65–70. PMID 2856609.
- ↑ Inamdar AA, Inamdar AC (2016). "Heart Failure: Diagnosis, Management and Utilization". J Clin Med. 5 (7). doi:10.3390/jcm5070062. PMC 4961993. PMID 27367736.
- ↑ Maganti K, Rigolin VH, Sarano ME, Bonow RO (2010). "Valvular heart disease: diagnosis and management". Mayo Clin Proc. 85 (5): 483–500. doi:10.4065/mcp.2009.0706. PMC 2861980. PMID 20435842.
- ↑ "Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Symptoms - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health".
- ↑ Werdan K, Ruß M, Buerke M, Delle-Karth G, Geppert A, Schöndube FA; et al. (2012). "Cardiogenic shock due to myocardial infarction: diagnosis, monitoring and treatment: a German-Austrian S3 Guideline". Dtsch Arztebl Int. 109 (19): 343–51. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.0343. PMC 3364528. PMID 22675405.
- ↑ Ashurst J, Wasson M (July 2011). "Methemoglobinemia: a systematic review of the pathophysiology, detection, and treatment". Del Med J. 83 (7): 203–8. PMID 21954509.
- ↑ Spivak JL (February 2002). "The optimal management of polycythaemia vera". Br. J. Haematol. 116 (2): 243–54. PMID 11841424.
- ↑ Goldman RD (2015). "Breath-holding spells in infants". Can Fam Physician. 61 (2): 149–50. PMC 4325862. PMID 25676645.
- ↑ Goldenberg MM (2010). "Overview of drugs used for epilepsy and seizures: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment". P T. 35 (7): 392–415. PMC 2912003. PMID 20689626.
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- ↑ Rehberg S, Maybauer MO, Enkhbaatar P, Maybauer DM, Yamamoto Y, Traber DL (2009). "Pathophysiology, management and treatment of smoke inhalation injury". Expert Rev Respir Med. 3 (3): 283–297. doi:10.1586/ERS.09.21. PMC 2722076. PMID 20161170.
- ↑ Marriott, Bernadette (1996). Nutritional needs in cold and in high-altitude environments : applications for military personnel in field operations. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press. ISBN 0-309-05484-2.