Serratia infection differential diagnosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Serratia must be differentiated from other causes of urinary tract infection, pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis, soft tissue infections, and Skin and soft-tissue infectionswound infections. Differential diagnoses include other infections, such as infections caused by Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Haemophilus, tuberculosis, syphilis, and other sexually transmitted infections, as well as other non-infectious systemic diseases, such as tumors, vasculitides, and chemical poisoning.
Differential Diagnosis
Urinary Tract Infection
Serratia urinary tract infection (UTI) must be differentiated from other causes of abdominal discomfort, dysuria, hematuria, pyuria, and/or polyuria, such as:
- Other causes of UTI
- E. coli
- Enterobacter spp.
- Enterococcus spp.
- Haemophilus spp.
- Klebsiella spp.
- Mycoplasma spp.
- Proteus spp.
- Providencia spp.
- Pseudomonas spp.
- Staphylococcus spp.
- Ureaplasma spp.
- Tuberculous infection of the urinary tract
- Sexually transmitted infections (e.g. N. gonorrhea or Chlamydia)
- Parasitic infections (e.g. threadworms)
- Viruses (e.g. HSV)
- Pyelonephritis (acute or chronic)
- Appendicitis
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy
- Prostatitis
- Chronic pelvic pain
- Urinary tract obstruction
- Vesicoureteral reflux
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Metal toxicity
- Sarcoidosis
- Genitourinary malignancy (e.g. bladder cancer)
- Renal transplant rejection
- Interstitial cystitis
- Atrophic vaginitis
- Vulvovaginitis
- Urethritis
- Behcet disease
- Epididymitis
- Pregnancy
- Colovesical fistula
- Diverticulitis
- Glomerulonephritis
- Nephrolithiasis
- Trauma
- Endometritis
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Ureterocele
Pneumonia
Serratia pneumonia must be differentiated from other causes of fever, chest pain, productive cough, dyspnea, and blood per sputum, such as:
- Other infectious causes of pneumonia:
- Streptococcus spp.
- Staphylococcus spp.
- Anaerobes
- Chlamydia spp.
- E. coli
- Haemophilus spp.
- Acinetobacter spp.
- Legionella spp.
- Tuberculosis or non-tuberculous Mycobacterium spp. (e.g. MAC)
- Mycoplasma spp.
- Moraxella spp.
- Pseudomonas spp.
- Fungal infections (e.g. Candida, Aspergillus)
- Pneumocystis pneumoniae infection
- Viral pneumonia (e.g. influenza, parainfluenza, VZV, HSV, RSV, CMV, adenovirus, metapneumovirus, coronavirus, measles)
- Atypical infections (Q-fever, tularemia, psittacosis)
- Bronchiolitis
- Epiglottitis
- Asthma
- Interstitial lung disease
- Respiratory distress syndrome
- Atelectasis
- Bronchiectasis
- Bronchitis
- COPD exacerbation
- Foreign body aspiration
- Lung abscess
- Respiratory failure
- Pulmonary embolism
- Chemical pneumonitis
- Sepsis
- Sarcoidosis
- Heart failure
- Pulmonary of thoracic malignancy
Intra-abdominal Infection
Serratia intra-abdominal infection must be differentiated from other causes of abdominal pain and fever, such as:
- Other intra-abdominal infections
- E. coli
- Streptococcus spp.
- Lactobacillus spp.
- Enterococci
- Yersinia spp.
- Klebsiella spp.
- Campylobacter spp.
- Acinetobacter spp.
- Clostridium spp.
- Proteus spp.
- Pseudomonas spp.
- Anaerobes
- Fungal infections (e.g. candidiasis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, coccidiodomycosis)
- Parasitic infections (e.g. amoebiasis, giardiasis, Cryptosporidium)
- Peritonitis
- Familial Mediterranean fever
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Celiac disease
- Meckel's diverticulum
- Myocardial infarction
- Abdominal tumor
- Hepatitis and liver disease
- Perforated viscus
- Peritoneal cyst
- Pyelonephritis
- Splenosis
- Vasculitis (E.g. Henoch-Schonlein purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa)
- Appendicitis
- Ischemic colitis
- Portal vein thrombosis or mesenteric vein thrombosis
- Abdominal abscess
- Abdominal obstruction
- Volvulus
- Intussusception
- Ileus
- Pancreatitis, pancreatic pseudocyst, pancreatic abscess, or pancreatic cancer
- Cholecystitis or cholangitis
- Diverticulitis
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Pregnancy
- Endometritis
- Sarcoidosis
Meningitis / Cerebral Abscess
Serratia meningitis / cerebral abscess must be differentiated from other causes of headache, fever, and altered mental status, such as:
- Encephalitis
- Delirium tremens
- Brain tumor
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Ischemic stroke
- Kawasaki disease
- Measles
- Monkeypox
- Rubella
- Coxsackievirus infection
- Syphilis
- Molluscum contagiosum
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Toxic erythema
- Rat-bite fever
- Parvovirus B19 infection
- Scarlet fever
- Leptospirosis
- Subdural empyema
- Febrile seizure
- Herpes simplex infection
- VZV infection
- Listeriosis
- E. coli infection
- Streptococcal infection
- Tick-borne disease
Endocarditis
Serratia endocarditis must be differentiated from other causes of fever, petechiae, and abnormal heart murmurs, such as:
- Other causes of infectious endocarditis
- Lyme disease
- Lymphoma
- Pulmonary embolism
- Drug fever
- Cotton fever
- Tuberculosis
- Candidiasis
- Aspergillosis
- Histoplasmosis
- Coccidiodomycosis
- Blastomycosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Sepsis