Lysophospholipid receptor
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The Lysophospholipid receptor (LPL-R) group are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family of integral membrane proteins that are important for lipid signaling.[1] In humans there are eight LPL receptors, each encoded by a separate gene. These LPL receptor genes are also sometimes referred to as "Edg” (an acronym for endothelial differentiation gene).
Ligands
The ligands for LPL-R group are the lysophospholipid extracellular signaling molecules, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P).
Origin of name
The term 'lysophospholipid' (LPL) refers to any phospholipid that is missing one of its two O-acyl chains. Thus, LPLs have a free alcohol in either the sn-1 or sn-2 position. The prefix 'lyso-' comes from the fact that lysophospholipids were originally found to be hemolytic however it is now used to refer generally to phospholipids missing an acyl chain. LPLs are usually the result of phospholipase A-type enzymatic activity on regular phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidic acid, although they can also be generated by the acylation of glycerophospholipids or the phosphorylation of monoacylglycerols. Some LPLs serve important signaling functions such as lysophosphatidic acid.
Function
LPL receptor ligands bind to and activate their cognate receptors located in the cell membrane. Depending on which ligand, receptor, and cell type is involved, the activated receptor can have a range of effects on the cell. These include primary effects of inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as secondary effects of preventing apoptosis and increasing cell proliferation.[2]
Group members
The following is a list of the eight known human LPL receptors:
| Gene Name | Agonist Ligand | IUPHAR Nomenclature |
|---|---|---|
| EDG1 (EDG1) | S1P | S1P1 |
| EDG2 (EDG2) | LPA | LPA1 |
| EDG3 (EDG3) | S1P | S1P3 |
| EDG4 (EDG4) | LPA | LPA2 |
| EDG5 (EDG5) | S1P | S1P2 |
| EDG6 (EDG6) | S1P | S1P4 |
| EDG7 (EDG7) | LPA | LPA3 |
| EDG8 (EDG8) | S1P | S1P5 |
See also
References
- ↑ Chun J, Goetzl EJ, Hla T, Igarashi Y, Lynch KR, Moolenaar W, Pyne S, Tigyi G (2002). "International Union of Pharmacology. XXXIV. Lysophospholipid receptor nomenclature". Pharmacol Rev 54 (2): 265-9. PMID 12037142.
- ↑ Meyer zu Heringdorf D, Jakobs KH (2007). "Lysophospholipid receptors: signalling, pharmacology and regulation by lysophospholipid metabolism". Biochim Biophys Acta 1768 (4): 923-40. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.09.026. PMID 17078925.
External links
Cell signaling: lipid signaling |
|---|
| Phospholipase - PIP2 - DAG - IP3 - IP3 receptor |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
