Polyarthritis with weight loss: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{EG}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{EG}}
 
<small>
{| align="center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;"
{| align="center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;"
! colspan="3" rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diseases
! colspan="3" rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diseases
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! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
|-
|-
! rowspan="21" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Polyarthritis
! rowspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Polyarthritis
! rowspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Infectious arthritis]]
! rowspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Infectious arthritis]]
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Lyme disease]]<ref name="pmid25999227">{{cite journal| author=Lantos PM| title=Chronic Lyme disease. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2015 | volume= 29 | issue= 2 | pages= 325-40 | pmid=25999227 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.006 | pmc=4477530 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25999227  }}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Lyme disease]]<ref name="pmid25999227">{{cite journal| author=Lantos PM| title=Chronic Lyme disease. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2015 | volume= 29 | issue= 2 | pages= 325-40 | pmid=25999227 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.006 | pmc=4477530 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25999227  }}</ref>
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! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Vertebral osteomyelitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Vertebral osteomyelitis]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Reactive arthritis|Postinfectious (reactive) arthritis]]'''
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other [[Seronegative spondyloarthritis|seronegative spondyloarthritides]]'''
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Rheumatic fever]]<ref name="pmid23703332">{{cite journal| author=Kumar RK, Tandon R| title=Rheumatic fever & rheumatic heart disease: the last 50 years. | journal=Indian J Med Res | year= 2013 | volume= 137 | issue= 4 | pages= 643-58 | pmid=23703332 | doi= | pmc=3724245 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23703332  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Erythema marginatum|Erythema marginatum rheumaticum]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Sterile inflammatory reaction with cells<20,000/μL
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anti-streptolysin O titer|Streptococcal antibody titer]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Cardiomegaly]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Valvular Diseases|Valvular]] or [[pericardial calcification]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Echocardiography|Echocardiographic]] changes in heart valves
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Edema]], [[Fibrinoid necrosis]], [[Mononuclear cell|Mononuclear cell infiltrate]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Echocardiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Chorea, Carditis 
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Reactive arthritis]]<ref name="pmid15084505">{{cite journal| author=Colmegna I, Cuchacovich R, Espinoza LR| title=HLA-B27-associated reactive arthritis: pathogenetic and clinical considerations. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2004 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 348-69 | pmid=15084505 | doi= | pmc=387405 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15084505  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Genital]] [[ulceration]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | High [[WBC]] count (10,000-40,000/µL)
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | [[HLA-B27|HLA-B27 test]] 
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Periosteal reaction]] and proliferation of [[Enthesitis|tendon insertion site]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Sacroiliitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Enthesitis]] in [[ultrasonography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Keratoderma blennorrhagica|Keratoderma blennorrhagicum]],  [[Balanitis circinata]] 
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | [[Spondyloarthritis]] and unequivocal demonstration of preceding infection
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Conjunctivitis]], [[Uveitis]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Enteric Bacilli|Enteric infection]]<ref name="Hill Gaston2003">{{cite journal|last1=Hill Gaston|first1=J|title=Arthritis associated with enteric infection|journal=Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology|volume=17|issue=2|year=2003|pages=219–239|issn=15216942|doi=10.1016/S1521-6942(02)00104-3}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Keratoderma]] and psoriaform lesions, [[Erythema nodosum]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neutrophilia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[PCR]] of causative [[organism]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Stool examination|Stool exam]] and [[Stool culture|culture]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neutrophilic myelocyte|Neutrophilic]] infiltration in [[synovial]] tissues
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[PCR]] of causative [[organism]] in [[synovial fluid]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Diarrhea]], [[Enthesopathy]]
|-
! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other [[Seronegative spondyloarthritis|seronegative spondyloarthritides]]'''
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Ankylosing spondylitis]]<ref name="pmid16974012">{{cite journal| author=McVeigh CM, Cairns AP| title=Diagnosis and management of ankylosing spondylitis. | journal=BMJ | year= 2006 | volume= 333 | issue= 7568 | pages= 581-5 | pmid=16974012 | doi=10.1136/bmj.38954.689583.DE | pmc=1570004 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16974012  }}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Ankylosing spondylitis]]<ref name="pmid16974012">{{cite journal| author=McVeigh CM, Cairns AP| title=Diagnosis and management of ankylosing spondylitis. | journal=BMJ | year= 2006 | volume= 333 | issue= 7568 | pages= 581-5 | pmid=16974012 | doi=10.1136/bmj.38954.689583.DE | pmc=1570004 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16974012  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
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! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[X-rays|Plain x-rays]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[X-rays|Plain x-rays]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peripheral [[enthesitis]], [[Uveitis]] 
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peripheral [[enthesitis]], [[Uveitis]] 
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Psoriatic arthritis]]<ref name="pmid23493653">{{cite journal| author=Sankowski AJ, Lebkowska UM, Cwikła J, Walecka I, Walecki J| title=Psoriatic arthritis. | journal=Pol J Radiol | year= 2013 | volume= 78 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-17 | pmid=23493653 | doi=10.12659/PJR.883763 | pmc=3596149 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23493653  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Scaly [[Erythematous rash|erythematous plaques]],
[[Guttate psoriasis|Guttate lesions]], Lakes of [[pus]],
[[Erythroderma]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High [[WBC]] count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of [[PMN|PMN leukocytes]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[RF]], [[ANA]], [[IgA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Joint]]-space narrowing, [[Periostitis|Fluffy periostitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Pencil-in-cup deformity, Early signs of [[synovitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovitis|Sacroiliitic synovitis]], [[Enthesitis]] in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Lack of intrasynovial [[Immunoglobulin A|Ig]] and [[RF]], Greater propensity for [[Ankylosis|fibrous ankylosis]], [[Osseous|osseous resorption]], and [[Heterotopic ossification|heterotopic bone formation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Onycholysis]], [[Splinter hemorrhage|Splinter hemorrhages]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]<ref name="pmid22933865">{{cite journal| author=Orchard TR| title=Management of arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 5 | pages= 327-9 | pmid=22933865 | doi= | pmc=3424429 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22933865  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Pyoderma gangrenosum]] ([[ulcerative colitis]]),  [[Erythema nodosum]] ([[Crohn disease]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Iron deficiency anemia]], [[Leukocytosis]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild to moderate [[Inflammatory|inflammatory fluid]], [[PMN]] predominance
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑[[RF]], [[Endomysium|Antiendomysial Ab]],  [[Anti-transglutaminase antibodies|Antitransglutaminase Ab]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Bilateral [[sacroiliitis]], Syndesmophytes and apophyseal joint involvement in [[spine]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Early detection of [[Spinal stenosis|spinal]] and [[Sacroiliac joint|sacroiliac lesions]] in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings and history
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anterior uveitis|Acute anterior uveitis]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]'''<ref name="pmid24024009">{{cite journal| author=Heidari B| title=Rheumatoid Arthritis: Early diagnosis and treatment outcomes. | journal=Caspian J Intern Med | year= 2011 | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 161-70 | pmid=24024009 | doi= | pmc=3766928 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24024009  }}</ref>
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]'''<ref name="pmid24024009">{{cite journal| author=Heidari B| title=Rheumatoid Arthritis: Early diagnosis and treatment outcomes. | journal=Caspian J Intern Med | year= 2011 | volume= 2 | issue= 1 | pages= 161-70 | pmid=24024009 | doi= | pmc=3766928 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24024009  }}</ref>
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! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Crystal arthritis|Crystal-induced arthritis]]'''<ref name="pmid62879632">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reginato A, Paul H, Schumacher HR |title=Crystal-induced arthritis |journal=Arch Phys Med Rehabil |volume=63 |issue=9 |pages=401–8 |date=September 1982 |pmid=6287963 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! rowspan="5" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Systemic [[Rheumatic disease|rheumatic illnesses]]'''
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Joint [[erythema]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Needle shaped [[urate]] crystals, [[WBC]] count > 2000/µL
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Urinary [[uric acid]] (>1100 mg in 24h)
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Punched-out erosions or [[lytic]] areas with overhanging edges 
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Complementary for recognizing [[Erosion (dental)|erosions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Tophus|Tophi]] or [[edema]] in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Large pale pink acellular areas ([[Uric acid|urate crystals]]), surrounded by [[histiocytes]] and [[multinucleated giant cells]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial fluid]] assay
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Conjunctival|Conjunctival nodules]]
|-
! rowspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Systemic [[Rheumatic disease|rheumatic illnesses]]'''
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<ref name="pmid16722594">{{cite journal| author=Manson JJ, Rahman A| title=Systemic lupus erythematosus. | journal=Orphanet J Rare Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 1 | issue=  | pages= 6 | pmid=16722594 | doi=10.1186/1750-1172-1-6 | pmc=1459118 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16722594  }}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<ref name="pmid16722594">{{cite journal| author=Manson JJ, Rahman A| title=Systemic lupus erythematosus. | journal=Orphanet J Rare Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 1 | issue=  | pages= 6 | pmid=16722594 | doi=10.1186/1750-1172-1-6 | pmc=1459118 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16722594  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
Line 332: Line 213:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Ocular|Ocular involvement]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Ocular|Ocular involvement]]
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Behçet's disease|Behçet's syndrome]]<ref name="pmid20121672">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sugawara S, Ehara S, Hitachi S, Sugimoto H |title=Hand and wrist arthritis of Behçet disease: imaging features |journal=Acta Radiol |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=183–6 |date=March 2010 |pmid=20121672 |doi=10.3109/02841850903401349 |url=}}</ref>
! rowspan="4" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Polyarticular pain
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Erythema nodosum]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Serum [[complement]] levels, [[Human leukocyte antigen]] (HLA)-B51
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Soft tissue swelling
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Non-erosive [[synovitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dermal vessels infiltration with lymphocytes and plasma cells, [[Immune]] deposits of [[Immunoglobulin M|immunoglobulin M (IgM)]] and [[C3]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Oral ulcer]], [[Mucosal]] erosion
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Relapsing polychondritis]]<ref name="pmid27708954">{{cite journal| author=Emmungil H, Aydın SZ| title=Relapsing polychondritis. | journal=Eur J Rheumatol | year= 2015 | volume= 2 | issue= 4 | pages= 155-159 | pmid=27708954 | doi=10.5152/eurjrheum.2015.0036 | pmc=5047229 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27708954  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[Anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Cryoglobulins]], [[ANA]], [[C-ANCA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Tracheal stenosis]] in [[CXR]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Calcification]] of [[Cartilaginous|cartilaginous structures]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Aortic root|Aortic root dilatation]] and degree of [[aortic regurgitation]] in [[echocardiography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Chondrolysis, [[Chondritis]], Perichondritis
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings coupled with imaging
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Ear pain]] and redness, [[Polyarthritis]]
|-
! rowspan="4" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''Other systemic illnesses'''
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Sarcoidosis]]<ref name="pmid18032765">{{cite journal |vauthors=Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA, Teirstein AS |title=Sarcoidosis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=357 |issue=21 |pages=2153–65 |date=November 2007 |pmid=18032765 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra071714 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[papules]] and [[nodules]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | [[IL-2]] and [[Interferon gamma|IFN-γ]], ↑[[Angiotensin-converting enzyme|ACE]], ↑[[Vitamin D|1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Bilateral [[Adenopathy|hilar adenopathy]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Active [[alveolitis]] or [[fibrosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hepatosplenomegaly]] in [[ultrasonography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Granuloma|Noncaseating granulomas (NCGs)]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Histopathology|Histological confirmation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Heart block]], [[Ocular disease|Ocular lesion]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Palindromic rheumatism]]<ref name="pmid21206416">{{cite journal |vauthors=Iyer VR, Cohen GL |title=Palindromic rheumatism |journal=South. Med. J. |volume=104 |issue=2 |pages=147–9 |date=February 2011 |pmid=21206416 |doi=10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318200c4cc |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High [[WBC]] count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of [[PMN|PMN leukocytes]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[RF]], [[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|Anti-CCP antibody]], ↑[[Creatinine|Cr]] or [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]],
 
↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[ANA]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Joint (anatomy)|Effusions in joints]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fractures|Microfractures]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Basilar invagination with [[cranial]] migration of an eroded [[Odontoid process|odontoid]] peg in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Influx of [[inflammatory cells]] into the [[synovial membrane]], with[[angiogenesis]], proliferation of chronic [[inflammatory cells]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings coupled [[Anti-citrullinated protein antibody|anti-CCP antibody]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Rheumatoid nodules]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Familial mediterranean fever|Familial Mediterranean fever]]<ref name="pmid25610168">{{cite journal| author=Yildirim K, Uzkeser H, Uyanik A, Karatay S, Kiziltunc A| title=Trace element levels in patients with familial mediterranean Fever. | journal=Eurasian J Med | year= 2011 | volume= 43 | issue= 2 | pages= 79-82 | pmid=25610168 | doi=10.5152/eajm.2011.18 | pmc=4261345 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25610168  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |A well-demarcated, [[erythematous]], warm [[rash]], particularly below the [[knee]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell counts as high as 100,000/µL
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[CRP]], [[Amyloid bodies|Amyloid A protein]], [[Fibrinogen]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial inflammation|Synovial effusions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Pleural effusions]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Air-fluid levels in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Massive [[amyloid]] infiltration of the [[blood vessels]] and [[endothelial]] side of the [[glomerular basement membrane]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Abdominal pain]], [[Myalgia|Severe myalgia]], [[Scrotal swelling|Scrotal attacks]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hyperlipoproteinemia|Hyperlipoproteinemias]]<ref name="SoubrierDubost2009">{{cite journal|last1=Soubrier|first1=Martin|last2=Dubost|first2=Jean Jacques|last3=Thiéblot|first3=Philippe|last4=Ristori|first4=Jean Michel|title=Oligo-arthritis and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia|journal=Joint Bone Spine|volume=76|issue=1|year=2009|pages=95–97|issn=1297319X|doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2008.03.009}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Xanthelasma]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Xanthochromic]] fluid with [[mononuclear cells]] predominance
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[CRP]], [[Hyperlipidemia (patient information)|Hyperlipidemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Joint space narrowing
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Achilles tendon]] [[enthesitis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Retrocalcaneal bursitis]] and ill-defined [[edema]] in posterosuperior corner of the [[calcaneus]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Inflammatory]] infiltration
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Laboratory findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Atherosclerosis]]
|-
! rowspan="9" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Polyarticular pain
! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Viral arthritis
! rowspan="3" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Viral arthritis
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Hepatitis B]] and [[Hepatitis C|C]]'''<ref name="GanemPrince2004">{{cite journal|last1=Ganem|first1=Don|last2=Prince|first2=Alfred M.|title=Hepatitis B Virus Infection — Natural History and Clinical Consequences|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=350|issue=11|year=2004|pages=1118–1129|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra031087}}</ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |'''[[Hepatitis B]] and [[Hepatitis C|C]]'''<ref name="GanemPrince2004">{{cite journal|last1=Ganem|first1=Don|last2=Prince|first2=Alfred M.|title=Hepatitis B Virus Infection — Natural History and Clinical Consequences|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=350|issue=11|year=2004|pages=1118–1129|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMra031087}}</ref>
Line 509: Line 273:
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Parvovirus|Parvovirus IgM antibody]]  
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Parvovirus|Parvovirus IgM antibody]]  
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Transient [[aplastic crisis]], [[Fetal]] [[infection]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Transient [[aplastic crisis]], [[Fetal]] [[infection]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Fibromyalgia]]<ref name="pmid23213512">{{cite journal| author=Bellato E, Marini E, Castoldi F, Barbasetti N, Mattei L, Bonasia DE et al.| title=Fibromyalgia syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. | journal=Pain Res Treat | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 426130 | pmid=23213512 | doi=10.1155/2012/426130 | pmc=3503476 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23213512  }}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Maculopapular rash]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[inflammation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Muscle pain]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Soft tissue abnormalities
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Maculopapular rash]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[CRP]], [[Ca]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Joint swelling
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Synovial]] [[edema]] and thickness
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild joint effusion in [[ultrasonography]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[inflammation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clinical findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Mucositis]], [[Enthesitis]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hypothyroidism]]<ref name="pmid7740308">{{cite journal |vauthors=McLean RM, Podell DN |title=Bone and joint manifestations of hypothyroidism |journal=Semin. Arthritis Rheum. |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=282–90 |date=February 1995 |pmid=7740308 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dry and coarse [[skin]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Clear yellow fluid with normal cell counts
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[TSH]], [[T4]], [[T3]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peri-[[articular]] demineralization
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Destructive changes in the [[cartilage]] and [[bone]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |High-signal fluid in the [[joint]] space in [[MRI]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Growth plate|Physeal growth plate]] with little evidence of [[cartilage]] cellular proliferation
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[TSH]], [[T4]], [[T3]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Decreased [[Deep tendon reflex|DTR]], [[Fatigue]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Neuropathic pain]]<ref name="pmid23592730">{{cite journal |vauthors=Magrinelli F, Zanette G, Tamburin S |title=Neuropathic pain: diagnosis and treatment |journal=Pract Neurol |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=292–307 |date=October 2013 |pmid=23592730 |doi=10.1136/practneurol-2013-000536 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Livedo reticularis]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Normal
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hyperglycemia]], [[Hypokalemia]], [[Hypocalcemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Neurologic]] examination
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Paresthesia]], [[Dysesthesia]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Metabolic bone disease<ref name="pmid17002489">{{cite journal |vauthors=Skowrońska-Jóźwiak E, Lorenc RS |title=Metabolic bone disease in children : etiology and treatment options |journal=Treat Endocrinol |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=297–318 |date=2006 |pmid=17002489 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |-
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Hyperpigmentation]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Mild [[anemia]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |↑
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Cell count < 25% [[PMNs]] (non-[[inflammatory]])
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Vitamin D]], [[PTH]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Peri-[[articular]] demineralization
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Fracture|Microfractures]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Subperiosteal|Subperiosteal reaction]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Decrease [[mineralization]] of [[bone matrix]]
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Laboratory findings
! style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Bone pain]], [[Constipation]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Depression]]<ref name="pmid16001092">{{cite journal| author=Trivedi MH| title=The link between depression and physical symptoms. | journal=Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry | year= 2004 | volume= 6 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= 12-6 | pmid=16001092 | doi= | pmc=486942 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16001092  }}</ref>
! colspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Depression]]<ref name="pmid16001092">{{cite journal| author=Trivedi MH| title=The link between depression and physical symptoms. | journal=Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry | year= 2004 | volume= 6 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= 12-6 | pmid=16001092 | doi= | pmc=486942 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16001092  }}</ref>
Line 625: Line 294:
|-
|-
|}
|}
</small>
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Revision as of 14:17, 3 May 2018


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Diseases Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Additional findings
Symptoms Physical examination
Lab Findings Imaging Histopathology
Joint Swelling Fever Weight loss Claudication Morning stiffness Local erythema Skin manifestation CBC ESR Synovial fluid Other X-ray CT scan Other
Polyarthritis Infectious arthritis Lyme disease[1] + + +/- +/- - - Erythema migrans Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia - Cell counts 500-98,000/µL Microscopic hematuria, Proteinuria, ↑ALT or AST - - - Fibrosis of the deeper dermis and hyalinization of collagen bundles Serologic tests Erythema migrans
Bacterial endocarditis[2] + + + - - +/- Janeway lesions, Osler nodes, Roth spots Normochromic-normocytic anemia WBC, S. aureus in culture Hyperglobulinemia, Cryoglobulinemia Joint erosion and effusion - - Vegetation or intracardiac abscess demonstrating active endocarditis Echocardiography (TTE) Vertebral osteomyelitis
Other seronegative spondyloarthritides Ankylosing spondylitis[3] + - +/- +/- + - Dactylitis (sausage digit) Normocytic normochromic anemia  High WBC count (lymphocyte predominance) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Bony erosions and sclerosis of the joints  Early sacroiliitis, erosions, and enthesitis Possible cauda equina syndrome secondary to spinal stenosis in MRI Chronic inflammation with CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and macrophages Plain x-rays Peripheral enthesitis, Uveitis 
Rheumatoid arthritis[4] + - + + + - Rheumatoid nodules Anemia, Thrombocytosis WBC count >2000/µL (generally 5000-50,000/µL), with neutrophil predominance (60-80%) Anti-CCP Ab, Hyperuricemia Joint-space narrowing Microfractures Synovitis in MRI Influx of inflammatory cells into the synovial membrane, with angiogenesis Clinical findings coupled anti-CCP antibody Rheumatoid nodules
Systemic rheumatic illnesses Systemic lupus erythematosus[5] + - +/- - - + Malar rash, Photosensitivity, Discoid lupus Leukopenia, Lymphopenia, Anemia, Thrombocytopenia Cell count from < 25% PMNs (non-inflammatory effusions) to > 50% PMNs (inflammatory effusions) Creatine kinase, LFT, ANA, Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Sm, Lupus anticoagulant Periarticular osteopenia and soft-tissue swelling without erosions Interstitial lung disease, Pneumonitis, Pulmonary emboli, Alveolar hemorrhage Pericardial effusion, Pulmonary hypertension, Verrucous Libman-Sacks endocarditis in echocardiography Inflammatory infiltrates at the dermoepidermal junction and vacuolar change in the basal columnar cells Anti-dsDNA Rheumatoid arthritis, Serositis, Oral ulcers
Systemic vasculitis[6] - - +/- + - - Petechia, Purpura Anemia, Thrombocytosis - P-ANCA, C-ANCA, ANA Soft tissue swelling with mild erosions Focal regions of infarction or hemorrhage Multiple microaneurysms,Hemorrhage due to focal ruptureOcclusion in angiography Acute destruction of the media by neutrophils, with loss of elastic fibers Angiography Peripheral neuropathyLivedo reticularis
Systemic sclerosis[7] - - +/- - - - 3 phases of (1) Edematous, (2) Indurative, and (3) Atrophic Thrombocytopenia Cell count < 25% PMNs (non-inflammatory) Hypergammaglobulinemia,

Creatine phosphokinase

Juxta-articular osteoporosis, Joint space narrowing, Frank erosions Synovial inflammation Synovial vascularity in doppler ultrasonography Epidermal skin appendages atrophy, Broad and hyalinized collagen fibers in the reticular dermis Histopathology Raynaud phenomenon, Tendon friction rubs
Polymyositis/dermatomyositis[8] - - +/- - - + Heliotrope rash, Gottron papules, Poikiloderma Normocytic normochromic anemia Predominantly mononuclear cells and large macrophage-like cells Anti–Mi-2 antibodies, Anti–Jo-1 antibodies, Creatine kinase, ANA Marginal erosions and periarticular calcification - - Vacuolar changes of the columnar epithelium and lymphocytic infiltrates Muscle biopsy Dysphagia 
Still's disease[9] - - +/- - +/- + Mild papules and nodules Anemia, Thrombocytosis High WBC count (5000-15,000/µL) with >50% of PMN leukocytes ANA, RF Soft tissue swelling,

Osteopenia,

Joint-space narrowing

Synovial inflammation Inflamed synovium in ultrasonography Inflammatory infiltration in synovium Clinical findings and synovial fluid analysis Ocular involvement
Polyarticular pain Viral arthritis Hepatitis B and C[10] - + + - - - Urticarial and maculopapular eruptions  Leukocytosis Cell counts < 100,000/µL LFT, HBsAg Joint space narrowing - - Deposition of immune complexes, Cryoprecipitates containing HBsAg and complements HBsAg Liver failure, Icterus
Rubella[11] - + +/- - - - Acute maculopapular rash Leukocytosis Rubella virus antigen LFT, CRP Joint space narrowing - - proliferation of the synovial lining cells, without inflammatory

cells

Serological evidence Headache, Malaise
Parvovirus[12] + + +/- - - - Fifth disease/ Erythema infectiosum Aplastic crisis Normal ANA, RF, CRP Joint swelling - - Immune complex deposition Parvovirus IgM antibody Transient aplastic crisis, Fetal infection
Depression[13] - - + - - - - Normal - Normal Normal - - - - Psychological interview Slow psychomotor, Muscle pain

References

  1. Lantos PM (2015). "Chronic Lyme disease". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 29 (2): 325–40. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.006. PMC 4477530. PMID 25999227.
  2. Soor P, Sharma N, Rao C (2017). "Multifocal Septic Arthritis Secondary to Infective Endocarditis: A Rare Case Report". J Orthop Case Rep. 7 (1): 65–68. doi:10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.692. PMC 5458702. PMID 28630844.
  3. McVeigh CM, Cairns AP (2006). "Diagnosis and management of ankylosing spondylitis". BMJ. 333 (7568): 581–5. doi:10.1136/bmj.38954.689583.DE. PMC 1570004. PMID 16974012.
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