Atopic dermatitis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
 
(69 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
{{Atopic dermatitis}}
{{Atopic dermatitis}}


__NOTOC__
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} [[Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD]]; {{S.S}}
 
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic [[inflammatory]] [[skin disorder]], which is indistinguishable from other [[causes]] of dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis is usually associated with personal or [[family history]] of [[atopic diseases]] including [[asthma]], [[allergic rhinitis]] and [[food allergy]]. The most common clinically similar dermatitis in infancy is [[seborrheic dermatitis]] which includes [[hyperkeratosis]] of the [[Scalp rash|scalp]], also found in atopic dermatitis.


==Differentiating [Disease name] from other Diseases==
==Atopic Dermatitis from other Diseases==
Atopic dermatitis should be differentiated from [[allergic contact dermatitis]], [[iirritant contact dermatitis]], [[seborrheic dermatitis]], [[psoriasis]], [[lichen simplex chronicus]], [[ichthyosis vulgaris]], [[nummular dermatitis (discoid eczema)]], [[netherton's syndrome]], and [[dermatitis herpetiformis]]
{|
{|
! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
Line 14: Line 14:
! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inherited
! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inherited
! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquired
! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquired
! colspan="13" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Clinical manifestations
! colspan="9" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Clinical manifestations
! colspan="9" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Para-clinical findings
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Para-clinical findings
! colspan="1" rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
| colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Associated factors'''
! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings
|-
|-
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! colspan="5" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
! colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical examination
! colspan="5" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical examination
|-
|-
! colspan="7" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab Findings
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab Findings
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
|-
|-
! colspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Appearance
! colspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Appearance
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Itching
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Itching
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bleeding
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Tenderness
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Tenderness
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Nail pitting
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |CBC
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Eosinophils
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |ESR/CRP
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum IgE
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Electrolytes
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BUN/Cr
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |LFT
|-
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Single/
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Single/
Line 47: Line 38:
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Involved areas
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Involved areas
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pustule
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pustule
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
|-
|-
! rowspan="11" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Skin disorders
! rowspan="10" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Skin disorders
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Atopic dermatitis
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Atopic dermatitis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Epidermal barrier dysfunction
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Immune]] dysregulation
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Incidence]] is highest during [[infancy]] and early childhood.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Multiple
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Contact dermatitis|Allergic contact dermatitis]]<ref name="pmid19447733">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nosbaum A, Vocanson M, Rozieres A, Hennino A, Nicolas JF |title=Allergic and irritant contact dermatitis |journal=Eur J Dermatol |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=325–32 |date=2009 |pmid=19447733 |doi=10.1684/ejd.2009.0686 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Delayed-type hypersensitivity response
*[[Erythema]], [[Exudate|exudates]], [[papules]],[[vesicles]], scales and crusts
* Skin inflammation mediated by hapten-specific T cells
*Infiltrated [[erythema]], [[prurigo]], scales and crusts
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |May be multiple
*Young children -[[Scalp]], [[cheeks]] amd [[extensor]] surface
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Erythematous well-demarcated papules
*[[Adolescent|Adolescents]] -flexural areas and buttock-thigh creases
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Any area in contact with the offending agent
*Adults - facial involvement and skin flexures
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Centrofacial pallor
*Delayed blanch response
*[[Keratosis pilaris]]
*Palmar hyperlinearity
*[[Pityriasis alba]]
*[[Ichthyosis]]
 
*Infra-auricular and retro-auricular fissuring
*Nipple [[eczema]]
*White dermographism
*Perifollicular accentuation
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl to ↑
 
([[Eosinophilia|Eosinophilia)]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Epidermal psoriasiform [[hyperplasia]]
*Marked intercellular [[edema]] with spongiotic vesiculation
 
*[[Hyperkeratosis]]
*Psoriasiform [[hyperplasia]]
*Dyskeratosis
| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*
*[[Family history]] of [[atopic dermatitis]] or other [[atopy]]
*Personal history of [[atopy]] ([[asthma]], [[allergic rhinitis]], [[food allergy]])
*Active and passive exposure to [[tobacco]]
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Contact dermatitis|Allergic contact dermatitis]]<ref name="pmid19447733">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nosbaum A, Vocanson M, Rozieres A, Hennino A, Nicolas JF |title=Allergic and irritant contact dermatitis |journal=Eur J Dermatol |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=325–32 |date=2009 |pmid=19447733 |doi=10.1684/ejd.2009.0686 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Delayed-type [[hypersensitivity]] response
*Skin [[inflammation]] mediated by [[Haptens|hapten]]-specific T cells
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Any
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |May be multiple after 1-2 days of exposure
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Erythematous well-demarcated [[papules]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Surrounding the area in contact with the offending agent
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Stinging and burning
*Stinging and burning
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
*Localized [[swelling]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
*[[Lichenification|Lichenified]] [[Itch|pruritic]] [[plaques]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl to ↑
([[Eosinophilia]])
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Diagnosis of exclusion
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Negative hypersensitivity tests
*[[Eosinophilic]] spongiosis and [[microvesicles]]
*[[Exocytosis]] of [[eosinophils]] and [[lymphocytes]]
*Chronic - [[Hyperkeratosis]] and parakeratosis
| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Contact with [[allergens]] in the past 1-2 days
*Positive [[family history]]
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Contact dermatitis|Irritant contact dermatitis]]<ref name="pmid30293200">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bains SN, Nash P, Fonacier L |title=Irritant Contact Dermatitis |journal=Clin Rev Allergy Immunol |volume= |issue= |pages= |date=October 2018 |pmid=30293200 |doi=10.1007/s12016-018-8713-0 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Contact dermatitis|Irritant contact dermatitis]]<ref name="pmid30293200">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bains SN, Nash P, Fonacier L |title=Irritant Contact Dermatitis |journal=Clin Rev Allergy Immunol |volume= |issue= |pages= |date=October 2018 |pmid=30293200 |doi=10.1007/s12016-018-8713-0 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Activation of the innate immune system by the pro-inflammatory properties of chemicals
*Activation of the [[innate immune system]] by the pro-[[inflammatory]] properties of chemicals
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Any, more with occupational exposure
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Usually single immediately after the exposure
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Well-demarcated red patch with a glazed surface
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Any area in contact with the irritant
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Cumulative exposure to irritants
*[[Swelling]], [[Blister|blistering]] and scaling of the damaged area
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Dryness
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Thicker skin
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Any area in contact with the irritant
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Spongiosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Intraepidermal [[vesicles]] or bullae
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*[[Necrosis]] of [[keratinocytes]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Cumulative exposure to [[irritants]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Negative hypersensitivity tests
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Seborrheic dermatitis]]
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Seborrheic dermatitis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Not known
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Any, onset during the 1st days or weeks of life
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Greasy scaling on a yellow-red base
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Scalp, axilla, and diaper area
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Any, onset during the infancy and peak during 3rd-4th decades
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Multiple
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Cradle cap]] - yellowish scales on the [[Scalp rash|scalp]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Patchy or diffuse greasy scaling with or without a yellow-red base
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Crusts
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Scalp, face, trunk, postauricular, diaper area and axilla
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Infants:
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
**[[Cradle cap]] (Sclap) - non-inflammatory greasy scales on the scalp
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
**Asymptomatic
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
**Self resolving
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Focal parakeratosis and spongiosis in epidermis
*Psoriasiform [[hyperplasia]]
*[[Neutrophils]] at the margins
| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Risk factors include
 
*[[Stress]]
 
*Cold, dry weather can cause flare ups
*[[Superinfection]] with bacteria and [[candida]]
 
Generalized seborrheic [[erythroderma]] in immunodeficient patients
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Psoriasis]]
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Psoriasis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*[[Keratinocyte]] hyperproliferation
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Dysregulation of the [[immune system]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Any, 2 peaks of onset 30-39 years and 50-59 years
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Multiple
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Well-circumscribed, pink [[papules]] and symmetrically distributed cutaneous [[plaques]] with silvery scales
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Scalp
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Trunk
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Gluteal cleft
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Extensor surface of elbows and knees
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |_
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Auspitz's sign]]  (pinpoint bleeding)
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Epidermal]] [[hyperplasia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Parakeratosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Neutrophils]] microabscesses (Munro microabscesses)
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Risk factors include
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 
*[[Smoking]]
*Skin trauma
*[[Alcohol abuse]]
*[[Stress]]
*Cold weather
*Vitamin D deficiency
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Lichen simplex chronicus]]
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Lichen simplex chronicus|Lichen simplex]] <ref name="pmid28785363">{{cite journal |vauthors=Voicu C, Tebeica T, Zanardelli M, Mangarov H, Lotti T, Wollina U, Lotti J, França K, Batashki A, Tchernev G |title=Lichen Simplex Chronicus as an Essential Part of the Dermatologic Masquerade |journal=Open Access Maced J Med Sci |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=556–557 |date=July 2017 |pmid=28785363 |pmc=5535688 |doi=10.3889/oamjms.2017.133 |url=}}</ref>[[Lichen simplex chronicus|chronicus]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Secondary to extensive [[pruritus]] due to other conditions such as [[Atopic dermatitis|atopic dermatitis,]] neuropathic pruritus, etc
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Any, peak at 30-50 years of age
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Multiple
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Lichenification|Lichenified]] and [[erythematous]], [[Itch|pruritic]] [[exudative]] [[Plaques|plaque]], and excoriations
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Scalp, head, neck, hands, arms, and genitals areas
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Color of [[Plaques|plaque]] varies from yellow to reddish-brown
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*[[Plaque]] size can vary between 3X6 cm 6X10 cm areas.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Markedly [[Hyperplasia|hyperplastic]] [[epidermis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Irregular [[hyperkeratosis]] and parakeratosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Thick granular zone
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*[[Acanthosis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Risk factors include
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
 
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*[[Emotional stress]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Dry weather
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*[[Sweating]]
|-
*[[Sexual dysfunction]]
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Ichthyosis vulgaris]]
*[[Sleep disturbances]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*[[Depression]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Nummular dermatitis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Netherton's syndrome]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Dubowitz syndrome]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Erythrokeratodermia variabilis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! rowspan="8" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Infection
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Dermatophyte|Dermatophytes]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Candidiasis|Candida]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Herpes simplex]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Staphylococcus aureus]]
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Ichthyosis vulgaris]]<ref name="pmid23301728">{{cite journal |vauthors=Thyssen JP, Godoy-Gijon E, Elias PM |title=Ichthyosis vulgaris: the filaggrin mutation disease |journal=Br. J. Dermatol. |volume=168 |issue=6 |pages=1155–66 |date=June 2013 |pmid=23301728 |doi=10.1111/bjd.12219 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Molluscum contagiosum]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Scabies]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Positive family history
*Loss of function [[mutations]] in the [[Filaggrin|filaggrin gene (''FLG'')]]
*[[Autosomal dominant inheritance]] with [[incomplete penetrance]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Usually in infancy
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Multiple
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Multiple
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Erythematous papular lesions
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Flexor wrists, finger webs and genitalia
*[[Xerosis]] and gray [[Ichthyosis|scaling]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*[[Palmar]] hyperlinearity
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +++
*[[Keratosis pilaris]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Extensor surfaces of the extremities
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Scalp
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Trunk
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Scales can vary from mild scaling to large, plate (armor)-like scales and thickening of the skin.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Reduced keratohyalin [[granules]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Perinuclear space|Perinuclear]] [[keratin]] retractions in [[Granule cell|granular]] cells
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Thick [[stratum corneum]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Basket-weave pattern of [[stratum corneum]]
| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Increased risk of [[atopic diseases]] including [[asthma]], alllergic rhinitis and [[atopic dermatitis]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Nummular dermatitis|Nummular dermatitis (discoid eczema)]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Unknown
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Any,  two peaks, 6th-7th  decade of life in males and 2nd-3rd decade of life in females
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Multiple
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Symmetrical  coin-shaped [[Erythematous rash|erythematous]] [[plaques]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Erosions and excoriations
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Chronic lesions- central clearing leading to annular lesions
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Upper and lower extremities
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Lower trunk
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Chronically [[lesions]] result into central clearing leading to annular lesions.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Spongiosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Perivascular cell|Perivascular]] [[lymphocytic]] infiltrates, with [[eosinophils]] and occasional [[neutrophils]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Risk factors include
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
**Temperature changes (particularly winter)
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
**[[Emotional stress]]
**[[Dry skin]]
**Environmental irritants
**Recent [[surgery]]
**Medications like [[topical]] antibiotic creams and [[isotretinoin]]
*[[Superinfection]] with ''[[staphylococcus aureus]]''
|-
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Netherton's syndrome]]<ref name="pmid10835624">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chavanas S, Bodemer C, Rochat A, Hamel-Teillac D, Ali M, Irvine AD, Bonafé JL, Wilkinson J, Taïeb A, Barrandon Y, Harper JI, de Prost Y, Hovnanian A |title=Mutations in SPINK5, encoding a serine protease inhibitor, cause Netherton syndrome |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=141–2 |date=June 2000 |pmid=10835624 |doi=10.1038/75977 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Autosomal recessive]] [[mutations]] in the [[SPINK5|serine protease inhibitor of Kazal type 5 gene (''SPINK5)'']]'', encoding [[LEKTI]]''[[LEKTI|, a serine protease inhibitor]]
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inherited
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquired
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Affects [[neonates]]
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Multiple
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Single/
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Multiple
*Classic triad
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Rash
**Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Involved areas
**Trichorrhexis invaginata
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pustule
**[[Atopy|Allergic diseases]] with ↑ serum [[IgE]] levels
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Itching
*Ichthyosis linearis circumflexa (ILC) - [[serpiginous]] [[plaques]] with double scale at the margins
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bleeding
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
*Diffuse pattern
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
*Axillae,
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Tenderness
*Hair
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Nail pitting
*Inguinal folds
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other
*Gluteal cleft
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
*Groin
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb
*Lower legs
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |ESR/CRP
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Electrolytes
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BUN/Cr
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |LFT
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
*Trichorrhexis invaginata (hair involvement):
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
**Sparse, short, spike and brittle
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
**"Bamboo hair" or "ball and socket deformity" of hair and eyebrows
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings
**Nodes along the hair shaft
|-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl to ↑
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Immunologic disorders
 
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]
([[Eosinophilia]])
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Psoriasiform [[hyperplasia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Reduced granular layer
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Dyskeratosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Dermal]] [[inflammatory]] infiltrate including [[neutrophils]] and [[eosinophils]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Atopic diseases]] including asthma, [[atopic dermatitis]] and [[allergic rhinitis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Systemic and skin superinfections
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Failure to thrive]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Electrolyte imbalances, including [[hypernatremia]],[[dehydration]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Pemphigus foliaceus]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Graft-versus-host disease]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Polymyositis and dermatomyositis|Dermatomyositis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! rowspan="6" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Immune deficiency
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hyper-IgE syndrome]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[22q11.2 deletion syndrome|DiGeorge syndrome]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Severe combined immunodeficiency]] ([[Severe combined immunodeficiency|SCID]])
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Ataxia telangiectasia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
Line 880: Line 363:
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquired
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquired
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Single/
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Single/
Multiple
Multiple
Line 887: Line 369:
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pustule
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pustule
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Itching
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Itching
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bleeding
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Tenderness
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Tenderness
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Nail pitting
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum IgE
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |ESR/CRP
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Electrolytes
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BUN/Cr
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |LFT
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated factors
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings
|-
|-
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Metabolic Diseases
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Infection
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Phenylketonuria]]
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Molluscum contagiosum]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Molluscum contagiosum]] virus [[inoculation]] through direct skin contact
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Any, peak among children >5 years of age and young adults
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Multiple
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Flesh-colored, dome-shaped [[papules]] with a central umbilication
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Lesions are 2-5mm in diameter
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Face, trunk, [[Antecubital fossa|antecubital]],  [[Popliteal fossa|popliteal fossae]] and groin
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |If [[molluscum contagiosum]] is acquired as [[sexually transmitted disease]], it involves, groin and genital region.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Keratinocytes]] containing [[eosinophilic]] [[inclusion bodies]] (Henderson-Paterson bodies)
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[H&E stain]] - inwards indentation of the [[epidermis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Often [[asymptomatic]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Self resolve within 2 months
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Immunodeficient patients present with extensive and severe infections
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Molluscum contagiosum]]  lesions on the [[eyelid]] may lead to follicular or papillary [[conjunctivitis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Tyrosinemia]]
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Immunologic disorders
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]<ref name="pmid22137227">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kárpáti S |title=Dermatitis herpetiformis |journal=Clin. Dermatol. |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=56–9 |date=2012 |pmid=22137227 |doi=10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.03.010 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Autoimmunity|Autoimmune]] disorder as a result of [[gluten sensitivity]] leading to the formation of [[IgA]] antibodies
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Any, mean age of disease onset is 2nd-4th decade
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Multiple
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Excoriated [[papules]], [[plaques]] and [[vesicles]] arranged in a clustered fashion
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Symmetrical
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Erosions and excoriations
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Extensor surfaces including arms, knees, and buttocks.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Oral manifestation such as [[vesicles]] and erosion may be present
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*[[Papillary]] micro-[[abscesses]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Sub-epidermal [[blisters]] containing [[neutrophils]], [[eosinophils]], and [[fibrin]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Sub-epidermal [[vacuolization]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Intermittent [[Itch|pruritic]] [[papules]] and [[vesicles]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Celiac disease]] with [[Villous folds|villous]] atrophy and [[Crypt (anatomy)|crypt]] [[hyperplasia]]
*Abdominal [[bloating]], pain, [[Diarrheal|diarrhea]], or [[constipation]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Histidinemia]]
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Immune deficiency
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]]<ref name="pmid24817816">{{cite journal |vauthors=Buchbinder D, Nugent DJ, Fillipovich AH |title=Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: diagnosis, current management, and emerging treatments |journal=Appl Clin Genet |volume=7 |issue= |pages=55–66 |date=2014 |pmid=24817816 |pmc=4012343 |doi=10.2147/TACG.S58444 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Mutation in the gene encoding for [[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]] protein (WASp) on the short arm of the [[X chromosome]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*[[X linked inheritance|X-linked disorder]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Seen almost exclusively in males in infancy
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Multiple
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Rash is clinically similar to [[atopic dermatitis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*[[Erythematous]] and [[Itch|pruritic]] lesions
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Lesions can bleed due to [[thrombocytopenia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Cutaneous manifestations includes [[Petechia|petechiae]] and [[ecchymosis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Rash can involve lesions located at the same areas of classical atopic dermatitis:
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
 
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
extensor surfaces of extremities and cheeks or scalp
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Infants can present with [[petechiae]], prolonged [[bleeding]] from [[umbilicus]] or circumcision,  [[purpura]],[[hematemesis]], [[melena]], [[epistaxis]], [[hematuria]]  or unusal bruising
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl to ↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
 
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
([[Eosinophilia]])
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*[[Hyperkeratosis]]
*Psoriasiform [[hyperplasia]]
*Dyskeratosis
 
*Epidermal psoriasiform [[hyperplasia]]
*Marked intercellular [[edema]] with spongiotic vesiculation
| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*↑ serum [[IgA]] levels
*↑ serum [[IgE]] levels
*Bleeding: severe [[thrombocytopenia]],
*[[Eczema]] - similar to [[atopic dermatitis]]
*Recurrent sino-pulmonary infections
*[[Opportunistic infection|Opportunistic infections.]]
*[[Autoimmune diseases]]
*[[Malignancies]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Multiple carboxylase deficiency]]
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hyper-IgE syndrome]]<ref name="pmid24058807">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mogensen TH |title=STAT3 and the Hyper-IgE syndrome: Clinical presentation, genetic origin, pathogenesis, novel findings and remaining uncertainties |journal=JAKSTAT |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=e23435 |date=April 2013 |pmid=24058807 |pmc=3710320 |doi=10.4161/jkst.23435 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Defects in the [[JAK-STAT signaling pathway]] leading to dysfunctional [[T helper cell]] type 17 ([[T helper 17 cell|Th17]]) [[differentiation]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Rare, begin in infancy
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Multiple
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Papulopustular
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Severely [[Itch|pruritic]] eczematous rash
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*[[Pustular rash|Pustular]] and may impetiginized
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*[[Lichenification]] may occur
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Face and scalp
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Upper trunk and shoulders
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Buttocks
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Area behind the ears and around the hairline
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Characteristic coarse facies
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Increased alar width and broad [[nasal bridge]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*High-arched oral palate
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Hyperextensible joints
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl to ↑
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 
([[Eosinophilia]])
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Eosinophil]]-rich infiltration around the hair follicles
| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Cold [[abscesses]]
 
*[[Itch|Pruritic]] [[eczema]]
*[[Allergy|Allergic]] diseases
*Noneruption of permanent teeth
*Multiple bone [[Bone fracture|fractures]] and scoliosisis
*[[Peripheral T-cell lymphomas|Peripheral T-cell lymphoma]]
*[[Coronary artery]] [[aneurysms]]
|-
|-
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Nutritional deficiencies
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Malignancy
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Zinc deficiency]]
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Mycosis fungoides]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Clonal expansion of [[CD4+ cell|CD4]]<sup>+</sup> [[memory T cells]] (CD45RO<sup>+</sup>)
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Mean age is  55- 60 years
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Multiple
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Non-pruritic patches and intensely [[Itch|pruritic]] [[plaques]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Comedones]], [[cysts]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Tumors]] of skin
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Erythematous]] [[macules]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Hypopigmented area|Hypopigmented]] patches
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*Asymmetrical
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Hips, groin and trunk
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
*[[Alopecia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Acneiform eruption|Acneiform]] lesions
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Plaques]] size can vary between 2-20 cm
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Lymphadenopathy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Children- [[Hypopigmentation|hypopigmented]] patches most common
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
*Perifollicular infiltrates around the [[infundibulum]]
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Pellagra|Niacin (B3) deficiency]]
*[[Epidermis]] is spared or has minimal spongiosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Band-like [[Dermal|derma]]<nowiki/>l infiltrate of [[lymphocytes]] and and [[histiocytes]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Increased risk of :
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
**Severe viral and bacterial infections
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
**Secondary [[malignancies]], especially lymphomas
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Staging of [[Mycosis fungoides]] is based upon:
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
**Patches
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
**[[Plaques]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
**Skin tumors
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
**[[Lymphadenopathy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
**[[Erythroderma]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
**[[Histology]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Pyridoxine deficiency|Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Biotin deficiency|Biotin (B7) deficiency]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Malignancy
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Cutaneous T cell lymphoma|Mycosis fungoides]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Langerhans cell histiocytosis|Histiocytosis X]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Medications
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Infliximab]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inherited
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Acquired
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Single/
Multiple
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Rash
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Involved areas
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pustule
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Itching
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Bleeding
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Fever
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BP
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Tenderness
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Nail pitting
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |WBC
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Plt
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |ESR/CRP
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Electrolytes
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |BUN/Cr
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |LFT
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings
|}
|}


Line 1,266: Line 571:
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]
[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 02:44, 16 October 2021

Atopic dermatitis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Atopic dermatitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

CT Scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Atopic dermatitis differential diagnosis On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Atopic dermatitis differential diagnosis

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Atopic dermatitis differential diagnosis

CDC on Atopic dermatitis differential diagnosis

Atopic dermatitis differential diagnosis in the news

Blogs onAtopic dermatitis differential diagnosis

Directions to Hospitals Treating Atopic dermatitis

Risk calculators and risk factors forAtopic dermatitis differential diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD; Shalinder Singh, M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, which is indistinguishable from other causes of dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis is usually associated with personal or family history of atopic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis and food allergy. The most common clinically similar dermatitis in infancy is seborrheic dermatitis which includes hyperkeratosis of the scalp, also found in atopic dermatitis.

Atopic Dermatitis from other Diseases

Atopic dermatitis should be differentiated from allergic contact dermatitis, iirritant contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, lichen simplex chronicus, ichthyosis vulgaris, nummular dermatitis (discoid eczema), netherton's syndrome, and dermatitis herpetiformis

Category Diseases Etiology Inherited Acquired Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Associated factors
Demography Symptoms Physical examination
Lab Findings Histopathology
Appearance Itching Fever Tenderness Other Eosinophils Serum IgE
Single/

Multiple

Rash Involved areas Pustule
Skin disorders Atopic dermatitis
  • Epidermal barrier dysfunction
  • Immune dysregulation
+ + Multiple
  • Young children -Scalp, cheeks amd extensor surface
  • Adolescents -flexural areas and buttock-thigh creases
  • Adults - facial involvement and skin flexures
+
  • Infra-auricular and retro-auricular fissuring
  • Nipple eczema
  • White dermographism
  • Perifollicular accentuation
Nl to ↑

(Eosinophilia)

  • Epidermal psoriasiform hyperplasia
  • Marked intercellular edema with spongiotic vesiculation
Allergic contact dermatitis[1] + Any May be multiple after 1-2 days of exposure Erythematous well-demarcated papules Surrounding the area in contact with the offending agent + + Nl to ↑

(Eosinophilia)

Nl
Irritant contact dermatitis[2] + Any, more with occupational exposure Usually single immediately after the exposure Well-demarcated red patch with a glazed surface Any area in contact with the irritant + + Nl Nl
  • Cumulative exposure to irritants
  • Negative hypersensitivity tests
Seborrheic dermatitis
  • Not known
+ Any, onset during the infancy and peak during 3rd-4th decades Multiple
  • Cradle cap - yellowish scales on the scalp
  • Patchy or diffuse greasy scaling with or without a yellow-red base
  • Crusts
Scalp, face, trunk, postauricular, diaper area and axilla + +
  • Infants:
    • Cradle cap (Sclap) - non-inflammatory greasy scales on the scalp
    • Asymptomatic
    • Self resolving
Nl Nl Risk factors include

Generalized seborrheic erythroderma in immunodeficient patients

Psoriasis + + Any, 2 peaks of onset 30-39 years and 50-59 years Multiple Well-circumscribed, pink papules and symmetrically distributed cutaneous plaques with silvery scales
  • Scalp
  • Trunk
  • Gluteal cleft
  • Extensor surface of elbows and knees
+ + _ + Nl Nl Risk factors include
Lichen simplex [3]chronicus + Any, peak at 30-50 years of age Multiple Lichenified and erythematous, pruritic exudative plaque, and excoriations Scalp, head, neck, hands, arms, and genitals areas +
  • Color of plaque varies from yellow to reddish-brown
  • Plaque size can vary between 3X6 cm 6X10 cm areas.
Nl Nl Risk factors include
Ichthyosis vulgaris[4] + + Usually in infancy Multiple
  • Extensor surfaces of the extremities
  • Scalp
  • Trunk
  • Scales can vary from mild scaling to large, plate (armor)-like scales and thickening of the skin.
Nl Nl
Nummular dermatitis (discoid eczema) Unknown + Any, two peaks, 6th-7th decade of life in males and 2nd-3rd decade of life in females Multiple
  • Symmetrical coin-shaped erythematous plaques
  • Erosions and excoriations
  • Chronic lesions- central clearing leading to annular lesions
  • Upper and lower extremities
  • Lower trunk
+
  • Chronically lesions result into central clearing leading to annular lesions.
Nl Nl
Netherton's syndrome[5] Autosomal recessive mutations in the serine protease inhibitor of Kazal type 5 gene (SPINK5), encoding LEKTI, a serine protease inhibitor + Affects neonates Multiple
  • Classic triad
    • Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma
    • Trichorrhexis invaginata
    • Allergic diseases with ↑ serum IgE levels
  • Ichthyosis linearis circumflexa (ILC) - serpiginous plaques with double scale at the margins
  • Diffuse pattern
  • Axillae,
  • Hair
  • Inguinal folds
  • Gluteal cleft
  • Groin
  • Lower legs
+ +
  • Trichorrhexis invaginata (hair involvement):
    • Sparse, short, spike and brittle
    • "Bamboo hair" or "ball and socket deformity" of hair and eyebrows
    • Nodes along the hair shaft
Nl to ↑

(Eosinophilia)

Diseases Etiology Inherited Acquired Demography Single/

Multiple

Rash Involved areas Pustule Itching Fever Tenderness Other WBC Serum IgE Histopathology Associated factors
Infection Molluscum contagiosum Molluscum contagiosum virus inoculation through direct skin contact + Any, peak among children >5 years of age and young adults Multiple
  • Flesh-colored, dome-shaped papules with a central umbilication
  • Lesions are 2-5mm in diameter
+ If molluscum contagiosum is acquired as sexually transmitted disease, it involves, groin and genital region. Nl Nl
Immunologic disorders Dermatitis herpetiformis[6] Autoimmune disorder as a result of gluten sensitivity leading to the formation of IgA antibodies + Any, mean age of disease onset is 2nd-4th decade Multiple
  • Excoriated papules, plaques and vesicles arranged in a clustered fashion
  • Symmetrical
  • Erosions and excoriations
  • Extensor surfaces including arms, knees, and buttocks.
+
  • Oral manifestation such as vesicles and erosion may be present
Nl Nl
Immune deficiency Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome[7] + Seen almost exclusively in males in infancy Multiple Rash can involve lesions located at the same areas of classical atopic dermatitis:

extensor surfaces of extremities and cheeks or scalp

+ Infants can present with petechiae, prolonged bleeding from umbilicus or circumcision, purpura,hematemesis, melena, epistaxis, hematuria or unusal bruising Nl to ↑

(Eosinophilia)

  • Epidermal psoriasiform hyperplasia
  • Marked intercellular edema with spongiotic vesiculation
Hyper-IgE syndrome[8] + Rare, begin in infancy Multiple
  • Face and scalp
  • Upper trunk and shoulders
  • Buttocks
  • Area behind the ears and around the hairline
+ +
  • Characteristic coarse facies
  • Increased alar width and broad nasal bridge
  • High-arched oral palate
  • Hyperextensible joints
Nl to ↑

(Eosinophilia)

  • Eosinophil-rich infiltration around the hair follicles
Malignancy Mycosis fungoides Clonal expansion of CD4+ memory T cells (CD45RO+) + Mean age is 55- 60 years Multiple
  • Asymmetrical
  • Hips, groin and trunk
+ Nl Nl

References

  1. Nosbaum A, Vocanson M, Rozieres A, Hennino A, Nicolas JF (2009). "Allergic and irritant contact dermatitis". Eur J Dermatol. 19 (4): 325–32. doi:10.1684/ejd.2009.0686. PMID 19447733.
  2. Bains SN, Nash P, Fonacier L (October 2018). "Irritant Contact Dermatitis". Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. doi:10.1007/s12016-018-8713-0. PMID 30293200.
  3. Voicu C, Tebeica T, Zanardelli M, Mangarov H, Lotti T, Wollina U, Lotti J, França K, Batashki A, Tchernev G (July 2017). "Lichen Simplex Chronicus as an Essential Part of the Dermatologic Masquerade". Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 5 (4): 556–557. doi:10.3889/oamjms.2017.133. PMC 5535688. PMID 28785363.
  4. Thyssen JP, Godoy-Gijon E, Elias PM (June 2013). "Ichthyosis vulgaris: the filaggrin mutation disease". Br. J. Dermatol. 168 (6): 1155–66. doi:10.1111/bjd.12219. PMID 23301728.
  5. Chavanas S, Bodemer C, Rochat A, Hamel-Teillac D, Ali M, Irvine AD, Bonafé JL, Wilkinson J, Taïeb A, Barrandon Y, Harper JI, de Prost Y, Hovnanian A (June 2000). "Mutations in SPINK5, encoding a serine protease inhibitor, cause Netherton syndrome". Nat. Genet. 25 (2): 141–2. doi:10.1038/75977. PMID 10835624.
  6. Kárpáti S (2012). "Dermatitis herpetiformis". Clin. Dermatol. 30 (1): 56–9. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.03.010. PMID 22137227.
  7. Buchbinder D, Nugent DJ, Fillipovich AH (2014). "Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: diagnosis, current management, and emerging treatments". Appl Clin Genet. 7: 55–66. doi:10.2147/TACG.S58444. PMC 4012343. PMID 24817816.
  8. Mogensen TH (April 2013). "STAT3 and the Hyper-IgE syndrome: Clinical presentation, genetic origin, pathogenesis, novel findings and remaining uncertainties". JAKSTAT. 2 (2): e23435. doi:10.4161/jkst.23435. PMC 3710320. PMID 24058807.