Chronic hypertension causes: Difference between revisions

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(/* Causes isbn=140510368X Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:85isbn=1591032016 Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm...)
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===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
The most common cause of hypertension is [[essential hypertension]] which accounts for about 90% of cases of elevated blood pressure.
Other common causes of secondary hypertension include:
* [[Anxiety]]  
* [[Anxiety]]  
* [[Arteriosclerosis]]
* [[Arteriosclerosis]]
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* [[Obesity]]
* [[Obesity]]
* [[Renal failure]]  
* [[Renal failure]]  
* [[Sleep apnea]]
* [[Stress]]  
* [[Stress]]  
* [[White coat hypertension]]
* [[White coat hypertension]]

Revision as of 23:25, 3 October 2012

Hypertension Main page

Overview

Causes

Classification

Primary Hypertension
Secondary Hypertension
Hypertensive Emergency
Hypertensive Urgency

Screening

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Taylor Palmieri

Overview

The pathophysiology of essential hypertension is incompletely understood. There are many secondary causes of hypertension.

Secondary Causes of Hypertension

Only in a small minority of patients with elevated arterial pressure, can a specific cause be identified. These individuals will probably have an endocrine or renal defect that, if corrected, could bring blood pressure back to normal values. Common causes include:

Less Common Cuases

Causes [1][2]

Common Causes

The most common cause of hypertension is essential hypertension which accounts for about 90% of cases of elevated blood pressure.

Other common causes of secondary hypertension include:

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Aortic regurgitation, Aortic dissection, Acute severe vascular damage, Adams Nance syndrome , Aneurysm, Aortic coarctation , Aortic stenosis, Arterial occlusive disease, progressive - -- heart defects -- bone fragility -- brachysyndactyly , Arteriosclerosis, Atheroma, Avasthey syndrome , Carotid paraganglioma ,Congenital Mitral stenosis , Eisenmenger's Syndrome , Fibromuscular dysplasia of arteries , Grange syndrome , Hemangiomatosis - familial pulmonary capillary, Hypertensive heart disease , Pulmonary artery agenesis , Vasculitis , Patent ductus arteriosus, Third degree AV block
Chemical / poisoning Acetaldehyde , Aristolochic acid poisoning , Arizona Bark Scorpion poisoning , Black widow spider envenomation , Cadmium poisoning, Cocaine poisoning , Ecstasy abuse , Ginseng , Heavy metal poisoning, Indian Tobacco poisoning, Jimsonweed poisoning , Lead poisoning , Lockwood-Feingold syndrome , Mustard tree poisoning , Nicotine addiction , Pseudoephedrine poisoning , Silicosis , Toxic mushrooms -- Psychedelic , Lobelia poisoning
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Almotriptan, Dihydroergotamine, Ergotamine, Frovatriptan, Isometheptene, Rizatriptan, Sumatriptan, Zolmitriptan, Amitriptyline, Cyclosporine, Desipramine, Dexamethasone sensitive hypertension, Doxepin, Ephedrine poisoning, Glucocorticoid resistance , Imipramine, Nasal decongestants, Nortriptyline, Combined oral contraceptive pill, Phencyclidine, Phenylpropanolamine, Protriptyline, Sedative dependence, Serotonin toxicity, Steroid abuse
Ear Nose Throat Nephrosis -- deafness -- urinary tract -- digital malformation , Fitzsimmons-Walson-Mellor syndrome
Endocrine Carcinoid Syndrome, Acromegaly , Adrenal incidentaloma , Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing syndrome , Apparent mineralocorticoid excess , Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - 11-Beta-hydroxylase deficiency, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, Conn's syndrome, Cushing's disease, Cushing's syndrome , Diabetes, Familial Cushing syndrome , Graves Disease , Hyperadrenalism , Hyperparathyroidism , Hyperpituitarism , Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism,Isolated secretion of corticosterone, Isolated secretion of deoxycorticosterone, Mineralocorticoid excess, Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Myxoedema, Pheochromocytoma, Primary aldosteronism, Primary cortisol resistance, Pseudohyperaldosteronism , Pseudohypoaldosteronism , Schroeder syndrome 1 , Hyperthyroidism, Hypoglycemia, Isolated secretion of 18-hydroxy-deoxycorticosterone, Renin-secreting tumors
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Hepatorenal tyrosinemia , Pancreatitis, Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Genetic Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - 11-Beta-hydroxylase deficiency, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia -17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, Cockayne syndrome , Down Syndrome , Fabry's Disease , Isolated secretion of 18-hydroxy-deoxycorticosterone, Pierre Robin's sequence , Senior-Loken Syndrome, Turner Syndrome , Vater-like syndrome with pulmonary hypertension, abnormal ears and growth deficiency , Von Hippel-Lindau Disease , Werner syndrome , Williams Syndrome , Gaucher disease type 3 , Mucopolysaccharidosis type I Hurler syndrome
Hematologic Atypical Hemolytic uremic syndrome, Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome , Essential mixed Cryoglobulinemia , Faye-Petersen-Ward-Carey syndrome , Hemolytic uremic syndrome , Hypereosinophilic syndrome , Liddle's syndrome, Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis , Polycythemia , Thromboembolism , Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Poliomyelitis, Meningitis, Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis , Renal tuberculosis, Nipah virus encephalitis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Acrodynia , Allain Babin Demarquez syndrome , Familial Osteodysplasia - Anderson type, Paget's disease of bone , Grange syndrome , Faye-Petersen-Ward-Carey syndrome , Oculo skeletal renal syndrome , Thieffry and Sorrell Dejerine syndrome
Neurologic Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Autonomic dysreflexia syndrome , Binswanger's Disease , Brain stem encephalitis, Central sleep apnea , Choroideremia -- hypopituitarism , Disequilibrium syndrome , Dysautonomia , Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy 3 , Increased intracranial pressure, Neurofibromatosis syndrome Type II , Neurogenic hypertension , Nipah virus encephalitis , Obstructive sleep apnea , Sneddon Syndrome , Upper spinal cord lesions, Wolfram's disease, Meningitis, Polyradiculitis, Quadriplegia, Adams Nance syndrome , Glycine encephalopathy - classical neonatal form, Pituitary Cancer , Fitzsimmons-Walson-Mellor syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic Abdominal obesity metabolic syndrome , Acute intermittent porphyria , Congenital hepatic porphyria , Gaucher disease type 3, Glycine encephalopathy - classical neonatal form, Glycine synthase deficiency , Gouty nephropathy, Metabolic syndrome, Tyrosinemia , Von Gierke disease IB, Increased salt intake, Mucopolysaccharidosis type I Hurler syndrome, Fabry's Disease
Obstetric/Gynecologic Eclampsia , Fowler-Christmas-Chapple syndrome , Gestational hypertension, HELLP syndrome , Ovarian dysgenesis, PCOS, Pregnancy toxemia /hypertension , Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Oncologic Endothelin producing tumor, Adrenal Cancer , Familial Adrenal adenoma , Renal Cancer , Neuroblastoma

Pituitary Cancer , Renin-secreting tumors, Rhabdoid tumor , Wilms' tumor , Adrenal incidentaloma , Familial Renal cell carcinoma

Opthalmologic Isolated Ectopia lentis, Oculo skeletal renal syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity Amphetamine abuse
Psychiatric Anxiety
Pulmonary Asphyxia , Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, COPD , Goodpasture syndrome , Pulmonary cystic lymphangiectasis , Pulmonary embolism , Pulmonary fibrosis /granuloma , Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease , Pulmonary Lymphangiomatosis, Respiratory acidosis , Respiratory failure , Unilateral pulmonary agenesis , Hyperventilation, Obstructive sleep apnea , Wegener's granulomatosis
Renal / Electrolyte Bartter's Syndrome, Dissection of the renal arteries, Acid-Base Imbalance , Acute Renal Failure , Albuminuria , Analgesic nephropathy syndrome , Autosomal dominant Polycystic kidney disease , Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease , Bilateral Renal artery stenosis , Bright's Disease , Chronic kidney disease , Chronic pyelonephritis, Congenital Membranous glomerulonephritis, Congenital stenosis of renal artery, Congenital Hydronephrosis , Diffuse Mesangial sclerosis, Familial Renal cell carcinoma , Fitzsimmons-Walson-Mellor syndrome , Glomerulonephritis , Hereditary nephritis (X-linked), Hypoplastic kidney, IgA nephropathy , Kidney arteriovenous fistula , Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease, Lupus nephritis , Nephrocalcinosis , Nephrosclerosis , Nephrosis -- deafness -- urinary tract -- digital malformation , Nephrotic syndrome , Oculo skeletal renal syndrome , Pierson syndrome , Severe infantile Polycystic kidneys with Tuberous sclerosis , Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis , Renal artery thrombosis, Renal emboli, Renal segmental hypoplasia-induced Hypertension , Renal tuberculosis, Salcedo syndrome , Simple kidney cysts , Thieffry and Sorrell Dejerine syndrome , Urinary tract infections , Urinary tract obstruction, Vesicoureteral reflux , Wegener's granulomatosis , Gitelman's Syndrome, Hepatorenal tyrosinemia , Atypical Hemolytic uremic syndrome, Gouty nephropathy, Goodpasture syndrome
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Autoimmune Vasculitis , Systemic lupus erythematosus, Diffuse Systemic sclerosis , Polyarteritis nodosa , , Takayasu arteritis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Electrical burns , Head injury, Skull fracture
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Acquired total Lipodystrophy , After Kidney transplantation, Age, Alcohol withdrawal, Amyloidosis , Bone cement implantation syndrome , Brachydactyly with hypertension, Carnevale-Canun-Mendoza syndrome , Codeine withdrawal , Collagen disease, Essential hypertension, Gram's syndrome , Hypothermia, Irradiation, Kashani-Strom-Utley syndrome , Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis , MSBD syndrome , Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome , Obesity, Physical inactivity , Selye syndrome , Serotonin Syndrome , Shaken Baby Syndrome , Stress-Induced Hypertension , Type A personality, Vitamin D -- adverse effects, Wagener syndrome , Pain, Post-exercise, Transfusion of large blood volumes, White coat hypertension

Causes in Alphabetical Order


References

  1. isbn=140510368X Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:85
  2. isbn=1591032016 Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:194-195

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