The product of this gene belongs to the Serine/Threonine protein kinases family, and to the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II subfamily. Calcium signaling is crucial for several aspects of plasticity at glutamatergic synapses. This enzyme is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The alpha chain encoded by this gene is required for hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and spatial learning.[citation needed] In addition to its calcium-calmodulin (CaM)-dependent activity, this protein can undergo autophosphorylation, resulting in CaM-independent activity. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.[3]
↑Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, Kikuno R, Hirosawa M, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O (Jul 1999). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XIII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 6 (1): 63–70. doi:10.1093/dnares/6.1.63. PMID10231032.
↑Walikonis RS, Oguni A, Khorosheva EM, Jeng CJ, Asuncion FJ, Kennedy MB (Jan 2001). "Densin-180 forms a ternary complex with the (alpha)-subunit of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and (alpha)-actinin". J. Neurosci. 21 (2): 423–33. PMID11160423.
↑Dhavan R, Greer PL, Morabito MA, Orlando LR, Tsai LH (Sep 2002). "The cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activators p35 and p39 interact with the alpha-subunit of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and alpha-actinin-1 in a calcium-dependent manner". J. Neurosci. 22 (18): 7879–91. PMID12223541.
↑Gardoni F, Mauceri D, Fiorentini C, Bellone C, Missale C, Cattabeni F, Di Luca M (Nov 2003). "CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation regulates SAP97/NR2A interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (45): 44745–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M303576200. PMID12933808.
Yamamoto H (2002). "[Molecular mechanisms of the intracellular localizations of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II isoforms, and their physiological functions]". Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso. 47 (3): 241–7. PMID11889801.
Countaway JL, Nairn AC, Davis RJ (1992). "Mechanism of desensitization of the epidermal growth factor receptor protein-tyrosine kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (2): 1129–40. PMID1309762.
Wegner M, Cao Z, Rosenfeld MG (1992). "Calcium-regulated phosphorylation within the leucine zipper of C/EBP beta". Science. 256 (5055): 370–3. doi:10.1126/science.256.5055.370. PMID1314426.
Bredt DS, Ferris CD, Snyder SH (1992). "Nitric oxide synthase regulatory sites. Phosphorylation by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, and calcium/calmodulin protein kinase; identification of flavin and calmodulin binding sites". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (16): 10976–81. PMID1375933.
Tokui T, Yamauchi T, Yano T, Nishi Y, Kusagawa M, Yatani R, Inagaki M (1990). "Ca2(+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylates various types of non-epithelial intermediate filament proteins". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 169 (3): 896–904. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(90)91977-Z. PMID2114109.
Inagaki M, Gonda Y, Nishizawa K, Kitamura S, Sato C, Ando S, Tanabe K, Kikuchi K, Tsuiki S, Nishi Y (1990). "Phosphorylation sites linked to glial filament disassembly in vitro locate in a non-alpha-helical head domain". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (8): 4722–9. PMID2155236.
Lee RH, Brown BM, Lolley RN (1990). "Protein kinase A phosphorylates retinal phosducin on serine 73 in situ". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (26): 15860–6. PMID2394752.
Drewes G, Trinczek B, Illenberger S, Biernat J, Schmitt-Ulms G, Meyer HE, Mandelkow EM, Mandelkow E (1995). "Microtubule-associated protein/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (p110mark). A novel protein kinase that regulates tau-microtubule interactions and dynamic instability by phosphorylation at the Alzheimer-specific site serine 262". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (13): 7679–88. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.13.7679. PMID7706316.
Tsujimura K, Tanaka J, Ando S, Matsuoka Y, Kusubata M, Sugiura H, Yamauchi T, Inagaki M (1995). "Identification of phosphorylation sites on glial fibrillary acidic protein for cdc2 kinase and Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II". J. Biochem. 116 (2): 426–34. PMID7822264.
Toyofuku T, Curotto Kurzydlowski K, Narayanan N, MacLennan DH (1994). "Identification of Ser38 as the site in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase that is phosphorylated by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (42): 26492–6. PMID7929371.
Omkumar RV, Kiely MJ, Rosenstein AJ, Min KT, Kennedy MB (1997). "Identification of a phosphorylation site for calcium/calmodulindependent protein kinase II in the NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (49): 31670–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.49.31670. PMID8940188.
Rotenberg A, Mayford M, Hawkins RD, Kandel ER, Muller RU (1997). "Mice expressing activated CaMKII lack low frequency LTP and do not form stable place cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus". Cell. 87 (7): 1351–61. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81829-2. PMID8980240.
Paudel HK (1997). "The regulatory Ser262 of microtubule-associated protein tau is phosphorylated by phosphorylase kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (3): 1777–85. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.3.1777. PMID8999860.
