Pharyngitis causes: Difference between revisions

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|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abacavir]], [[abatacept]], [[Acetazolamide Oral|acetazolamide oral]], [[acetohexamide ]], [[acyclovir]], [[adalimumab]], [[adefovir]], [[alefacept]], [[alfuzosin]], [[allopurinol]], [[altretamine]], [[Amlodipine and Benazepril]], [[Amikacin Sulfate|amikacin sulfate]], [[Amiloride and Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[amobarbital]], [[amphotericin B]], [[Ampicillin Sodium|ampicillin sodium]], [[anagrelide]], [[anakinra]], [[anastrozole]], [[anisindione]], [[anticholinergic]], [[Antihemophilic Factor (Human)|antihemophilic factor (human)]], [[Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant)|antihemophilic factor (recombinant)]], [[asparaginase]], [[atorvastatin]], [[auranofin]], [[Azelastine Ophthalmic|azelastine ophthalmic]], [[aztreonam]], [[benazepril]], [[bevacizumab]], [[bortezomib]], [[bosentan]], [[Brinzolamide Ophthalmic|brinzolamide ophthalmic]], [[Budesonide Inhalation Powder|budesonide inhalation powder]], [[bumetanide]], [[buspirone]], [[busulfan]], [[butabarbital]], [[butorphanol]], [[candesartan]], [[capecitabine]], [[captopril]], [[carteolol]], [[cefadroxil]], [[Cefamandole Nafate|cefamandole nafate]], [[Cefazolin Sodium|cefazolin sodium]], [[cefepime]], [[Cefoperazone Sodium|cefoperazone sodium]], [[Cefotaxime Sodium|cefotaxime sodium]], [[Cefotetan Disodium|cefotetan disodium]], [[cefoxitin sodium]], [[cefpodoxime]], [[ceftazidime]], [[ceftizoxime sodium]], [[ceftriaxone sodium]], [[cefuroxime sodium]], [[cephalexin]], [[cephradine]], [[cetuximab]], [[chlorambucil]], [[chlorothiazide]], [[chlorpropamide]], [[chlorthalidone]], [[cilostazol]], [[cladribine]], [[clofarabine]], [[clofibrate]], [[co-trimoxazole]], [[Cromolyn Sodium Oral Inhalation|cromolyn sodium oral inhalation]], [[Cyanocobalamin Nasal|cyanocobalamin nasal]], [[cytarabine]], [[dacarbazine]], [[dactinomycin ]], [[dapsone]], [[danazol]], [[darbepoetin alfa]], [[daunorubicin]], [[desloratadine]], [[desmopressin]], [[dexmethylphenidate]], [[Diclofenac and Misoprostol|diclofenac and misoprostol]], [[diethylpropion]], [[diphtheria]], [[disopyramide]], [[docetaxel]], [[dornase alfa]], [[doxorubicin]], [[efalizumab]], [[efavirenz]], [[emtricitabine]], [[enalapril]], [[Epinastine Ophthalmic|epinastine ophthalmic]], [[epirubicin]], [[epoetin alfa]], [[eprosartan]], [[erlotinib]], [[Erythromycin and Sulfisoxazole|erythromycin and sulfisoxazole]], [[etanercept]], [[ethacrynic acid]], [[Ethosuximide Oral|ethosuximide oral]], [[etodolac]], [[etoposide]], [[ezetimibe]], [[fentanyl (transdermal)|fentanyl skin patches]], [[flavoxate]], [[floxuridine]], [[Flunisolide Nasal Inhalation|flunisolide nasal inhalation]], [[fluorouracil]], [[fluphenazine]], [[Fluticasone and Salmeterol Oral Inhalation|fluticasone and salmeterol oral inhalation]], [[formoterol]], [[fosamprenavir]], [[foscarnet sodium]], [[fosinopril]], [[fulvestrant]], [[furosemide]], [[gabapentin]], [[ganciclovir]], [[gatifloxacin]], [[Gemcitabine Hydrochloride|gemcitabine hydrochloride]], [[glatiramer ]], [[glipizide]], [[glyburide]], [[grifulvin V]], [[griseofulvin]], [[hydrochlorothiazide]], [[ibandronate]], [[ifosfamide]], [[imatinib]], [[Imipenem and Cilastatin Sodium|imipenem and cilastatin sodium]], [[infliximab]], [[Insulin Human (rDNA Origin) Inhalation|insulin human (rDNA origin) inhalation]], [[Interferon beta-1a Intramuscular|interferon beta-1a intramuscular]], [[Ipratropium and Albuterol Inhalation|ipratropium and albuterol inhalation]], [[irbesartan]], [[Ketotifen Ophthalmic]], [[lamotrigine]], [[levetiracetam]], [[levocetirizine]], [[lisinopril]], [[Lomustine]], [[Loratadine]], [[Losartan]], [[Mechlorethamine]], [[Mefenamic acid]], [[Megestrol]], [[Melphalan]], [[Meprobamate]],  [[Meropenem]], [[Mercaptopurine]], [[Mesalamine]], [[Methimazole]], [[Methotrexate]], [[Methsuximide Oral]], [[Methyclothiazide]], [[Metolazone]], [[Metoprolol]], [[Minocycline]], [[Mitomycin]], [[Modafinil]], [[Moexipril]], [[Moxifloxacin ophthalmic]], [[Nafcillin Sodium]], [[Natalizumab]], [[Nedocromil oral inhalation]], [[Nisoldipine]], [[Olopatadine ophthalmic]], [[Omeprazole]], [[Oxacillin Sodium]], [[Oxaliplatin]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Paclitaxel]], [[Palivizumab]], [[Pamidronate]], [[Peginterferon alfa-2a]], [[Penicillin G Potassium or Sodium]], [[Penicillamine]] [[Pentamidine Isethionate]], [[pentostatin]], [[perindopril]], [[phenobarbital]], [[Phenytoin oral]], [[pindolol]], [[Pioglitazone]], [[Piperacillin sodium]], [[Plicamycin]], [[Pramlintide ]], [[Prazosin and polythiazide]], [[primaquine]], [[primidone]], [[procarbazine]], [[promethazine]], [[propafenone]], [[Propranolol Oral|propranolol oral]], [[propylthiouracil]], [[quetiapine]], [[quinapril]], [[rabeprazole]], [[ramipril]], [[Ranitidine bismuth citrate|ranitidine bismuth citrate]], [[rifabutin]], [[rimexolone]], [[risedronate]], [[risperidone]], [[rifaximin]], [[rituximab]], [[ropinirole]], [[rosiglitazone]], [[rosuvastatin]], [[Salmeterol oral inhalation|salmeterol oral inhalation]], [[sargramostim]], [[scopolamine]], [[secobarbital]], [[sibutramine]], [[silver sulfadiazine]], [[sitagliptin]], [[sodium dichloroisocyanurate]], [[sodium oxybate]], [[spironolactone]], [[streptozocin]], [[sulfadiazine]], [[sulfasalazine]], [[sulfinpyrazone]], [[sulfisoxazole]], [[tamsulosin]], [[telmisartan]], [[teniposide]], [[terbinafine]], [[Teriparatide (rDNA origin)|teriparatide (rDNA origin)]], [[thioguanine]], [[thiotepa]], [[Ticarcillin Disodium|ticarcillin disodium]], [[ticlopidine]], [[Tiotropium Oral Inhalation|tiotropium oral inhalation]], [[tizanidine]], [[tocainide]], [[tolazamide]], [[tolbutamide]], [[Topotecan Hydrochloride|topotecan hydrochloride]], [[trandolapril]], [[trastuzumab]], [[trazodone]], [[Triamcinolone Nasal Inhalation|triamcinolone nasal inhalation]], [[trimethadione]], [[trimipramine]], [[Valproic Acid|valproic acid]], [[Verapamil and Trandolapril|[verapamil and trandolapril]], [[vinblastine]], [[Vinorelbine Tartrate|vinorelbine tartrate]], [[Von Willebrand factor]], [[zalcitabine]], [[Zolmitriptan Nasal|zolmitriptan nasal]], [[zonisamide]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abacavir]], [[abatacept]], [[Acetazolamide Oral|acetazolamide oral]], [[acetohexamide ]], [[acyclovir]], [[adalimumab]], [[adefovir]], [[alefacept]], [[alfuzosin]], [[allopurinol]], [[altretamine]], [[Amlodipine and Benazepril]], [[Amikacin Sulfate|amikacin sulfate]], [[Amiloride and Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[amobarbital]], [[amphotericin B]], [[Ampicillin Sodium|ampicillin sodium]], [[anagrelide]], [[anakinra]], [[anastrozole]], [[anisindione]], [[anticholinergic]], [[Antihemophilic Factor (Human)|antihemophilic factor (human)]], [[Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant)|antihemophilic factor (recombinant)]], [[asparaginase]], [[atorvastatin]], [[auranofin]], [[Azelastine Ophthalmic|azelastine ophthalmic]], [[aztreonam]], [[benazepril]], [[bevacizumab]], [[bortezomib]], [[bosentan]], [[Brinzolamide Ophthalmic|brinzolamide ophthalmic]], [[Budesonide Inhalation Powder|budesonide inhalation powder]], [[bumetanide]], [[buspirone]], [[busulfan]], [[butabarbital]], [[butorphanol]], [[candesartan]], [[capecitabine]], [[captopril]], [[carteolol]], [[cefadroxil]], [[Cefamandole Nafate|cefamandole nafate]], [[Cefazolin Sodium|cefazolin sodium]], [[cefepime]], [[Cefoperazone Sodium|cefoperazone sodium]], [[Cefotaxime Sodium|cefotaxime sodium]], [[Cefotetan Disodium|cefotetan disodium]], [[cefoxitin sodium]], [[cefpodoxime]], [[ceftazidime]], [[ceftizoxime sodium]], [[ceftriaxone sodium]], [[cefuroxime sodium]], [[cephalexin]], [[cephradine]], [[cetuximab]], [[chlorambucil]], [[chlorothiazide]], [[chlorpropamide]], [[chlorthalidone]], [[cilostazol]], [[cladribine]], [[clofarabine]], [[clofibrate]], [[co-trimoxazole]], [[Cromolyn Sodium Oral Inhalation|cromolyn sodium oral inhalation]], [[Cyanocobalamin Nasal|cyanocobalamin nasal]], [[cytarabine]], [[dacarbazine]], [[dactinomycin ]], [[dapsone]], [[danazol]], [[darbepoetin alfa]], [[daunorubicin]], [[desloratadine]], [[desmopressin]], [[dexmethylphenidate]], [[Diclofenac and Misoprostol|diclofenac and misoprostol]], [[diethylpropion]], [[diphtheria]], [[disopyramide]], [[docetaxel]], [[dornase alfa]], [[doxorubicin]], [[efalizumab]], [[efavirenz]], [[emtricitabine]], [[enalapril]], [[Epinastine Ophthalmic|epinastine ophthalmic]], [[epirubicin]], [[epoetin alfa]], [[eprosartan]], [[erlotinib]], [[Erythromycin and Sulfisoxazole|erythromycin and sulfisoxazole]], [[etanercept]], [[ethacrynic acid]], [[Ethosuximide Oral|ethosuximide oral]], [[etodolac]], [[etoposide]], [[ezetimibe]], [[fentanyl (transdermal)|fentanyl skin patches]], [[flavoxate]], [[floxuridine]], [[Flunisolide Nasal Inhalation|flunisolide nasal inhalation]], [[fluorouracil]], [[fluphenazine]], [[Fluticasone and Salmeterol Oral Inhalation|fluticasone and salmeterol oral inhalation]], [[formoterol]], [[fosamprenavir]], [[foscarnet sodium]], [[fosinopril]], [[fulvestrant]], [[furosemide]], [[gabapentin]], [[ganciclovir]], [[gatifloxacin]], [[Gemcitabine Hydrochloride|gemcitabine hydrochloride]], [[glatiramer ]], [[glipizide]], [[glyburide]], [[grifulvin V]], [[griseofulvin]], [[hydrochlorothiazide]], [[ibandronate]], [[ifosfamide]], [[imatinib]], [[Imipenem and Cilastatin Sodium|imipenem and cilastatin sodium]], [[infliximab]], [[Insulin Human (rDNA Origin) Inhalation|insulin human (rDNA origin) inhalation]], [[Interferon beta-1a Intramuscular|interferon beta-1a intramuscular]], [[Ipratropium and Albuterol Inhalation|ipratropium and albuterol inhalation]], [[irbesartan]], [[Ketotifen Ophthalmic|ketotifen ophthalmic]], [[lamotrigine]], [[levetiracetam]], [[levocetirizine]], [[lisinopril]], [[lomustine]], [[loratadine]], [[losartan]], [[mechlorethamine]], [[mefenamic acid]], [[megestrol]], [[melphalan]], [[meprobamate]],  [[meropenem]], [[mercaptopurine]], [[mesalamine]], [[methimazole]], [[methotrexate]], [[Methsuximide Oral|methsuximide oral]], [[methyclothiazide]], [[metolazone]], [[metoprolol]], [[minocycline]], [[mitomycin]], [[modafinil]], [[moexipril]], [[Moxifloxacin ophthalmic|moxifloxacin ophthalmic]], [[Nafcillin Sodium|nafcillin sodium]], [[natalizumab]], [[Nedocromil oral inhalation|nedocromil oral inhalation]], [[nisoldipine]], [[Olopatadine ophthalmic|olopatadine ophthalmic]], [[omeprazole]], [[Oxacillin Sodium|oxacillin sodium]], [[oxaliplatin]], [[oxcarbazepine]], [[paclitaxel]], [[palivizumab]], [[pamidronate]], [[peginterferon alfa-2a]], [[Penicillin G Potassium or Sodium|penicillin G potassium or sodium]], [[Penicillamine]] [[Pentamidine Isethionate|pentamidine isethionate]], [[pentostatin]], [[perindopril]], [[phenobarbital]], [[Phenytoin oral|phenytoin oral]], [[pindolol]], [[pioglitazone]], [[Piperacillin sodium|piperacillin sodium]], [[plicamycin]], [[pramlintide]], [[Prazosin and polythiazide|prazosin and polythiazide]], [[primaquine]], [[primidone]], [[procarbazine]], [[promethazine]], [[propafenone]], [[Propranolol Oral|propranolol oral]], [[propylthiouracil]], [[quetiapine]], [[quinapril]], [[rabeprazole]], [[ramipril]], [[Ranitidine bismuth citrate|ranitidine bismuth citrate]], [[rifabutin]], [[rimexolone]], [[risedronate]], [[risperidone]], [[rifaximin]], [[rituximab]], [[ropinirole]], [[rosiglitazone]], [[rosuvastatin]], [[Salmeterol oral inhalation|salmeterol oral inhalation]], [[sargramostim]], [[scopolamine]], [[secobarbital]], [[sibutramine]], [[silver sulfadiazine]], [[sitagliptin]], [[sodium dichloroisocyanurate]], [[sodium oxybate]], [[spironolactone]], [[streptozocin]], [[sulfadiazine]], [[sulfasalazine]], [[sulfinpyrazone]], [[sulfisoxazole]], [[tamsulosin]], [[telmisartan]], [[teniposide]], [[terbinafine]], [[Teriparatide (rDNA origin)|teriparatide (rDNA origin)]], [[thioguanine]], [[thiotepa]], [[Ticarcillin Disodium|ticarcillin disodium]], [[ticlopidine]], [[Tiotropium Oral Inhalation|tiotropium oral inhalation]], [[tizanidine]], [[tocainide]], [[tolazamide]], [[tolbutamide]], [[Topotecan Hydrochloride|topotecan hydrochloride]], [[trandolapril]], [[trastuzumab]], [[trazodone]], [[Triamcinolone Nasal Inhalation|triamcinolone nasal inhalation]], [[trimethadione]], [[trimipramine]], [[Valproic Acid|valproic acid]], [[Verapamil and Trandolapril|verapamil and trandolapril]], [[vinblastine]], [[Vinorelbine Tartrate|vinorelbine tartrate]], [[Von Willebrand factor]], [[zalcitabine]], [[Zolmitriptan Nasal|zolmitriptan nasal]], [[zonisamide]]
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Revision as of 13:20, 28 September 2015

Pharyngitis Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

The pharynx is often the first site of infection for many contagious diseases such as the common cold. This is because viruses and bacteria often settle in this part of the body after a person inhales dust or water vapor containing the microorganism. Infection can also arise when a person touches their nose or mouth after having touched an object shared with another person with the disease. The foreign invader reproduces rapidly after settling on the body tissue.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Kawasaki disease
Chemical / poisoning Acetic acid, chemical exposure, hydrogen sulfide, platinosis
Dermatologic Behcets syndrome, lepidopterism, scarlet fever, scrumpox, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Drug Side Effect Abacavir, abatacept, acetazolamide oral, acetohexamide , acyclovir, adalimumab, adefovir, alefacept, alfuzosin, allopurinol, altretamine, Amlodipine and Benazepril, amikacin sulfate, Amiloride and Hydrochlorothiazide, amobarbital, amphotericin B, ampicillin sodium, anagrelide, anakinra, anastrozole, anisindione, anticholinergic, antihemophilic factor (human), antihemophilic factor (recombinant), asparaginase, atorvastatin, auranofin, azelastine ophthalmic, aztreonam, benazepril, bevacizumab, bortezomib, bosentan, brinzolamide ophthalmic, budesonide inhalation powder, bumetanide, buspirone, busulfan, butabarbital, butorphanol, candesartan, capecitabine, captopril, carteolol, cefadroxil, cefamandole nafate, cefazolin sodium, cefepime, cefoperazone sodium, cefotaxime sodium, cefotetan disodium, cefoxitin sodium, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime sodium, ceftriaxone sodium, cefuroxime sodium, cephalexin, cephradine, cetuximab, chlorambucil, chlorothiazide, chlorpropamide, chlorthalidone, cilostazol, cladribine, clofarabine, clofibrate, co-trimoxazole, cromolyn sodium oral inhalation, cyanocobalamin nasal, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin , dapsone, danazol, darbepoetin alfa, daunorubicin, desloratadine, desmopressin, dexmethylphenidate, diclofenac and misoprostol, diethylpropion, diphtheria, disopyramide, docetaxel, dornase alfa, doxorubicin, efalizumab, efavirenz, emtricitabine, enalapril, epinastine ophthalmic, epirubicin, epoetin alfa, eprosartan, erlotinib, erythromycin and sulfisoxazole, etanercept, ethacrynic acid, ethosuximide oral, etodolac, etoposide, ezetimibe, fentanyl skin patches, flavoxate, floxuridine, flunisolide nasal inhalation, fluorouracil, fluphenazine, fluticasone and salmeterol oral inhalation, formoterol, fosamprenavir, foscarnet sodium, fosinopril, fulvestrant, furosemide, gabapentin, ganciclovir, gatifloxacin, gemcitabine hydrochloride, glatiramer , glipizide, glyburide, grifulvin V, griseofulvin, hydrochlorothiazide, ibandronate, ifosfamide, imatinib, imipenem and cilastatin sodium, infliximab, insulin human (rDNA origin) inhalation, interferon beta-1a intramuscular, ipratropium and albuterol inhalation, irbesartan, ketotifen ophthalmic, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, levocetirizine, lisinopril, lomustine, loratadine, losartan, mechlorethamine, mefenamic acid, megestrol, melphalan, meprobamate, meropenem, mercaptopurine, mesalamine, methimazole, methotrexate, methsuximide oral, methyclothiazide, metolazone, metoprolol, minocycline, mitomycin, modafinil, moexipril, moxifloxacin ophthalmic, nafcillin sodium, natalizumab, nedocromil oral inhalation, nisoldipine, olopatadine ophthalmic, omeprazole, oxacillin sodium, oxaliplatin, oxcarbazepine, paclitaxel, palivizumab, pamidronate, peginterferon alfa-2a, penicillin G potassium or sodium, Penicillamine pentamidine isethionate, pentostatin, perindopril, phenobarbital, phenytoin oral, pindolol, pioglitazone, piperacillin sodium, plicamycin, pramlintide, prazosin and polythiazide, primaquine, primidone, procarbazine, promethazine, propafenone, propranolol oral, propylthiouracil, quetiapine, quinapril, rabeprazole, ramipril, ranitidine bismuth citrate, rifabutin, rimexolone, risedronate, risperidone, rifaximin, rituximab, ropinirole, rosiglitazone, rosuvastatin, salmeterol oral inhalation, sargramostim, scopolamine, secobarbital, sibutramine, silver sulfadiazine, sitagliptin, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, sodium oxybate, spironolactone, streptozocin, sulfadiazine, sulfasalazine, sulfinpyrazone, sulfisoxazole, tamsulosin, telmisartan, teniposide, terbinafine, teriparatide (rDNA origin), thioguanine, thiotepa, ticarcillin disodium, ticlopidine, tiotropium oral inhalation, tizanidine, tocainide, tolazamide, tolbutamide, topotecan hydrochloride, trandolapril, trastuzumab, trazodone, triamcinolone nasal inhalation, trimethadione, trimipramine, valproic acid, verapamil and trandolapril, vinblastine, vinorelbine tartrate, Von Willebrand factor, zalcitabine, zolmitriptan nasal, zonisamide
Ear Nose Throat Angina tonsillaris, Bezold's abscess, dysphagia, ear pain, empty nose syndrome, epiglottitis, herpangina, laryngitis, Ludwig's angina, oropharyngeal lesion, otalgia, post-nasal drip, retropharyngeal abscess, sinusitis, tonsillitis, tonsillolith, uvulitis, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental Smoke
Gastroenterologic GERD
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic Neutropenia,

Leukemia,

Iatrogenic Endoscopy,

Invisalign, Nasogastric intubation, Radiation, Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty,

Infectious Disease

Anthrax, Adenovirus, Arcanobacterium, Candida Albicans, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Coronavirus, Coxsackie A virus, Coxsackie B , Cryptococcus, Cytomegalovirus, Diphtheria, Duke's disease, Ebola, Enterovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, Fusobacterium, Gonococcal Infections, Group A streptococcal infection, Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Herpangina, Herpesviridae, Histoplasma, Human parainfluenza viruses, Infectious mononucleosis, Influenza, Lassa Fever, Lemierre's syndrome, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mumps, Parainfluenza, Pneumococcus, Poliovirus, Q Fever, Rabies, Rhinovirus, Scarlet fever, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Staphylococcus aureus Strep throat, Syphillis, Tularemia, Mycobacterium, Mycoplasma,

Musculoskeletal / Ortho No underlying causes
Neurologic Encephalitis lethargica,
Nutritional / Metabolic Ariboflavinosis,
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Laryngeal cancer,

Lymphoma

Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity

Cocaine, Hydrogen sulfide, Methotrexate (patient information), Peginterferon alfa-2a (patient information),

Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Hay fever,

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, Kawasaki disease, Lymphadenitis,

Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Trauma to the throat
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Chronic Fatigue Syndrome,

Foreign body Chemical burns

Causes in Alphabetical Order

The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
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References

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