Superior vena cava syndrome causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]
Overview
Superior vena cava syndrome may be caused by obstruction of the superior vena cava (SVC) by neoplastic invasion of the venous wall associated with intravascular thrombosis, enlarged nodes, enlarged ascending aorta, or more simply, by extrinsic pressure of a tumor mass against the thin-walled superior vena cava (SVC).
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Superior vena cava syndrome is itself a life threatening medical emergency irrespective of the other causes.
Common Causes[1]
- Aortic aneurysm
- Bronchogenic carcinoma[2]
- Breast cancer
- Cystic hygroma
- Goiter
- Histoplasmosis
- Indwelling catheter
- Lung cancer[3]
- Lymphoma
- Non Hodgkin's lymphoma
- Small cell lung cancer
- Thymoma
- Tuberculosis
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal / Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ Cohen R, Mena D, Carbajal-Mendoza R, Matos N, Karki N (2008). "Superior vena cava syndrome: A medical emergency?". Int J Angiol. 17 (1): 43–6. PMC 2728369. PMID 22477372.
- ↑ Reechaipichitkul W, Thongpaen S (2004). "Etiology and outcome of superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction in adults". Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 35 (2): 453–7. PMID 15691155.
- ↑ Wudel LJ, Nesbitt JC (2001). "Superior vena cava syndrome". Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2 (1): 77–91. PMID 12057143.
- ↑ Adegboye VO, Ogunseyinde AO, Obajimi MO, Brimmo AI, Adebo OA (2008). "Superior vena cava obstruction: diagnosis, management and outcome". East Afr Med J. 85 (3): 129–36. PMID 18663886.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Rice TW, Rodriguez RM, Light RW (2006). "The superior vena cava syndrome: clinical characteristics and evolving etiology". Medicine (Baltimore). 85 (1): 37–42. doi:10.1097/01.md.0000198474.99876.f0. PMID 16523051.
- ↑ Hirschmann JV, Raugi GJ (1992). "Dermatologic features of the superior vena cava syndrome". Arch Dermatol. 128 (7): 953–6. PMID 1626963.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Miles RR, Arnold S, Cairo MS (2012). "Risk factors and treatment of childhood and adolescent Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia". Br J Haematol. 156 (6): 730–43. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.09024.x. PMID 22260323.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Joven MH, Palalay MP, Sonido CY (2013). "Case report and literature review on Good's syndrome, a form of acquired immunodeficiency associated with thymomas". Hawaii J Med Public Health. 72 (2): 56–62. PMC 3585500. PMID 23467629.
- ↑ Hammoud ZT, Rose AS, Hage CA, Knox KS, Rieger K, Kesler KA (2009). "Surgical management of pulmonary and mediastinal sequelae of histoplasmosis: a challenging spectrum". Ann Thorac Surg. 88 (2): 399–403. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.041. PMID 19632382.
- ↑ Gadage V, Kembhavi S, Kumar P, Shet T (2011). "Primary cardiac diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with activated B-cell-like phenotype". Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 54 (3): 591–3. doi:10.4103/0377-4929.85104. PMID 21934230.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Dumantepe M, Tarhan A, Ozler A (2013). "Successful treatment of central venous catheter induced superior vena cava syndrome with ultrasound accelerated catheter-directed thrombolysis". Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 81 (7): E269–73. doi:10.1002/ccd.24855. PMID 23404752.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Thakker M, Keteepe-Arachi T, Abbas A, Barker G, Ruparelia N, Kingston GT; et al. (2012). "A primary cardiac sarcoma presenting with superior vena cava obstruction". Am J Emerg Med. 30 (1): 264.e3–5. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2010.11.030. PMID 21277135.
- ↑ Riley RF, Petersen SE, Ferguson JD, Bashir Y (2010). "Managing superior vena cava syndrome as a complication of pacemaker implantation: a pooled analysis of clinical practice". Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 33 (4): 420–5. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2009.02613.x. PMID 20051021.
- ↑ Senthilvel E, Papadakis A, Jain V, Bruner J (2009). "Pacemaker induced superior vena cava syndrome: a case report". Cases J. 2: 6463. doi:10.4076/1757-1626-2-6463. PMC 2740218. PMID 19829810.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Khan BA, Mahmood Q (2009). "Iatrogenic superior vena caval syndrome". J Pak Med Assoc. 59 (10): 719–20. PMID 19813691.
- ↑ Suduł T, Domagała-Kulawik J (2012). "[Clinical manifestation and radiological features of small cell lung cancer (SCLC)]". Wiad Lek. 65 (2): 97–101. PMID 23289254.