Threonine aldolase

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threonine aldolase
Identifiers
EC number4.1.2.5
CAS number62213-23-4
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
PDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene OntologyAmiGO / QuickGO
threonine aldolase 1 pseudogene
Identifiers
SymbolTHA1P
Entrez390816
HUGO18004
RefSeqXM_372682
Other data
LocusChr. 17 q25.3

In enzymology, a threonine aldolase (EC 4.1.2.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-threonine <math>\rightleftharpoons</math> glycine + acetaldehyde

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, L-threonine, and two products, glycine and acetaldehyde.

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the aldehyde-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming). This enzyme is also called L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase. This enzyme participates in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 5 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1JG8, 1LW4, 1LW5, 1M6S, and 1SVV.

Presence in human and mouse

The enzyme is synthesized and functional in mice.[1]

Humans also have the remnants of the gene, coding this enzyme (GLY1), however it is damaged by past mutations and inactive.[1] Human gene contains two single nucleotide deletions causing frameshifts and premature stop codons. Also, the encoded protein would not be active anyway due mutations in other highly conserved regions. Human gene is no longer transcribed into RNA.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Alasdair J Edgar (2005) Mice have a transcribed L-threonine aldolase/GLY1 gene, but the human GLY1 gene is a non-processed pseudogene. BMC Genomics March 2005, 6:32. pdf
  • Bell SC; Turner JM (1973). "Bacterial threonine aldolase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase enzyme". Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1: 678&ndash, 681.
  • KARASEK MA, GREENBERG DM (1957). "Studies on the properties of threonine aldolases". J. Biol. Chem. 227 (1): 191&ndash, 205. PMID 13449064.
  • Kumagai H, Nagate T, Yoshida H, Yamada H (1972). "Threonine aldolase from Candida humicola. II. Purification, crystallization and properties". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 258 (3): 779&ndash, 90. doi:10.1016/0005-2744(72)90179-9. PMID 5017702.