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==Malabsorption==
==Differential Diagnosis of Diarrhea==
<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:'''
'''''To review the differential diagnosis of diarrhea, click here.'''''
'''WBC:''' [[White blood cells]]; '''Plt:''' [[Platelet|Platelets]], '''Hgb:''' [[Hemoglobin]], '''IgE:''' [[Immunoglobulin E]], '''IgA:''' [[Immunoglobulin A]]
</span>


{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 100%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
'''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea, click here.'''''
! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Cause
 
| colspan="7" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |'''Clinical manifestation'''
'''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea, click here.'''''
! colspan="4" rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Lab findings
 
! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Additional findings
'''''To review the differential diagnosis of traveler's diarrhea, click here.'''''
! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Cause/Pathogenesis
 
! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Gold standard diagnosis
'''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute watery diarrhea, click here.'''''
 
'''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute bloody diarrhea, click here.'''''
 
'''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute fatty diarrhea, click here.'''''
 
'''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic watery diarrhea, click here.'''''
 
'''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic bloody diarrhea, click here.'''''
 
'''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic fatty diarrhea, click here.'''''
 
'''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea and fever, click here.'''''
 
'''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea and fever, click here.'''''
 
'''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea and abdominal pain, click here.'''''
 
'''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain, click here.'''''
 
'''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea and weight loss, click here.'''''
 
'''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea and weight loss, click here.'''''
===Diarrhea===
'''The following table outlines the major differential diagnoses of diarrhea.'''<ref name="Casburn-JonesFarthing2004">{{cite journal|last1=Casburn-Jones|first1=Anna C|last2=Farthing|first2=Michael Jg|title=Traveler's diarrhea|journal=Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology|volume=19|issue=6|year=2004|pages=610–618|issn=0815-9319|doi=10.1111/j.1440-1746.2003.03287.x}}</ref><ref name="KamatMathur2006">{{cite journal|last1=Kamat|first1=Deepak|last2=Mathur|first2=Ambika|title=Prevention and Management of Travelers’ Diarrhea|journal=Disease-a-Month|volume=52|issue=7|year=2006|pages=289–302|issn=00115029|doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2006.08.003}}</ref><ref name="PfeifferDuPont2012">{{cite journal|last1=Pfeiffer|first1=Margaret L.|last2=DuPont|first2=Herbert L.|last3=Ochoa|first3=Theresa J.|title=The patient presenting with acute dysentery – A systematic review|journal=Journal of Infection|volume=64|issue=4|year=2012|pages=374–386|issn=01634453|doi=10.1016/j.jinf.2012.01.006}}</ref><ref name="pmid24506120">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barr W, Smith A |title=Acute diarrhea |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=180–9 |year=2014 |pmid=24506120 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29255768">{{cite journal |vauthors=Amil Dias J |title=Celiac Disease: What Do We Know in 2017? |journal=GE Port J Gastroenterol |volume=24 |issue=6 |pages=275–278 |year=2017 |pmid=29255768 |doi=10.1159/000479881 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29254859">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kotloff KL, Riddle MS, Platts-Mills JA, Pavlinac P, Zaidi AKM |title=Shigellosis |journal=Lancet |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=29254859 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33296-8 |url=}}</ref><ref name="Yamamoto-FurushoBosques-Padilla2017">{{cite journal|last1=Yamamoto-Furusho|first1=J.K.|last2=Bosques-Padilla|first2=F.|last3=de-Paula|first3=J.|last4=Galiano|first4=M.T.|last5=Ibañez|first5=P.|last6=Juliao|first6=F.|last7=Kotze|first7=P.G.|last8=Rocha|first8=J.L.|last9=Steinwurz|first9=F.|last10=Veitia|first10=G.|last11=Zaltman|first11=C.|title=Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: Primer Consenso Latinoamericano de la Pan American Crohn's and Colitis Organisation|journal=Revista de Gastroenterología de México|volume=82|issue=1|year=2017|pages=46–84|issn=03750906|doi=10.1016/j.rgmx.2016.07.003}}</ref><ref name="BorbélyOsterwalder2017">{{cite journal|last1=Borbély|first1=Yves M|last2=Osterwalder|first2=Alice|last3=Kröll|first3=Dino|last4=Nett|first4=Philipp C|last5=Inglin|first5=Roman A|title=Diarrhea after bariatric procedures: Diagnosis and therapy|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=23|issue=26|year=2017|pages=4689|issn=1007-9327|doi=10.3748/wjg.v23.i26.4689}}</ref><ref name="CrawfordRamani2017">{{cite journal|last1=Crawford|first1=Sue E.|last2=Ramani|first2=Sasirekha|last3=Tate|first3=Jacqueline E.|last4=Parashar|first4=Umesh D.|last5=Svensson|first5=Lennart|last6=Hagbom|first6=Marie|last7=Franco|first7=Manuel A.|last8=Greenberg|first8=Harry B.|last9=O'Ryan|first9=Miguel|last10=Kang|first10=Gagandeep|last11=Desselberger|first11=Ulrich|last12=Estes|first12=Mary K.|title=Rotavirus infection|journal=Nature Reviews Disease Primers|volume=3|year=2017|pages=17083|issn=2056-676X|doi=10.1038/nrdp.2017.83}}</ref><ref name="pmid11068510">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kist M |title=[Chronic diarrhea: value of microbiology in diagnosis] |language=German |journal=Praxis (Bern 1994) |volume=89 |issue=39 |pages=1559–65 |year=2000 |pmid=11068510 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4014291">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guerrant RL, Shields DS, Thorson SM, Schorling JB, Gröschel DH |title=Evaluation and diagnosis of acute infectious diarrhea |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=78 |issue=6B |pages=91–8 |year=1985 |pmid=4014291 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10575169">{{cite journal |vauthors=López-Vélez R, Turrientes MC, Garrón C, Montilla P, Navajas R, Fenoy S, del Aguila C |title=Microsporidiosis in travelers with diarrhea from the tropics |journal=J Travel Med |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=223–7 |year=1999 |pmid=10575169 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="WahnschaffeIgnatius2009">{{cite journal|last1=Wahnschaffe|first1=Ulrich|last2=Ignatius|first2=Ralf|last3=Loddenkemper|first3=Christoph|last4=Liesenfeld|first4=Oliver|last5=Muehlen|first5=Marion|last6=Jelinek|first6=Thomas|last7=Burchard|first7=Gerd Dieter|last8=Weinke|first8=Thomas|last9=Harms|first9=Gundel|last10=Stein|first10=Harald|last11=Zeitz|first11=Martin|last12=Ullrich|first12=Reiner|last13=Schneider|first13=Thomas|title=Diagnostic value of endoscopy for the diagnosis of giardiasis and other intestinal diseases in patients with persistent diarrhea from tropical or subtropical areas|journal=Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=42|issue=3|year=2009|pages=391–396|issn=0036-5521|doi=10.1080/00365520600881193}}</ref><ref name="pmid27765536">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mena Bares LM, Carmona Asenjo E, García Sánchez MV, Moreno Ortega E, Maza Muret FR, Guiote Moreno MV, Santos Bueno AM, Iglesias Flores E, Benítez Cantero JM, Vallejo Casas JA |title=75SeHCAT scan in bile acid malabsorption in chronic diarrhoea |journal=Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=37–47 |year=2017 |pmid=27765536 |doi=10.1016/j.remn.2016.08.005 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19365159">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gibson RJ, Stringer AM |title=Chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea |journal=Curr Opin Support Palliat Care |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=31–5 |year=2009 |pmid=19365159 |doi=10.1097/SPC.0b013e32832531bb |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23384808">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abraham BP, Sellin JH |title=Drug-induced, factitious, & idiopathic diarrhoea |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=633–48 |year=2012 |pmid=23384808 |doi=10.1016/j.bpg.2012.11.007 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25692805">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reintam Blaser A, Deane AM, Fruhwald S |title=Diarrhoea in the critically ill |journal=Curr Opin Crit Care |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=142–53 |year=2015 |pmid=25692805 |doi=10.1097/MCC.0000000000000188 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17373914">{{cite journal |vauthors=McMahan ZH, DuPont HL |title=Review article: the history of acute infectious diarrhoea management--from poorly focused empiricism to fluid therapy and modern pharmacotherapy |journal=Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. |volume=25 |issue=7 |pages=759–69 |year=2007 |pmid=17373914 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03261.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23384801">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schiller LR |title=Definitions, pathophysiology, and evaluation of chronic diarrhoea |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=551–62 |year=2012 |pmid=23384801 |doi=10.1016/j.bpg.2012.11.011 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3523719">{{cite journal |vauthors=Giannella RA |title=Chronic diarrhea in travelers: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations |journal=Rev. Infect. Dis. |volume=8 Suppl 2 |issue= |pages=S223–6 |year=1986 |pmid=3523719 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16151544">{{cite journal| author=Silverberg MS, Satsangi J, Ahmad T, Arnott ID, Bernstein CN, Brant SR et al.| title=Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology. | journal=Can J Gastroenterol | year= 2005 | volume= 19 Suppl A | issue=  | pages= 5A-36A | pmid=16151544 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16151544  }}</ref><ref name="pmid12135027">{{cite journal| author=Sauter GH, Moussavian AC, Meyer G, Steitz HO, Parhofer KG, Jüngst D| title=Bowel habits and bile acid malabsorption in the months after cholecystectomy. | journal=Am J Gastroenterol | year= 2002 | volume= 97 | issue= 7 | pages= 1732-5 | pmid=12135027 | doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05779.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12135027  }}</ref><ref name="pmid1702075">{{cite journal| author=Maiuri L, Raia V, Potter J, Swallow D, Ho MW, Fiocca R et al.| title=Mosaic pattern of lactase expression by villous enterocytes in human adult-type hypolactasia. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 1991 | volume= 100 | issue= 2 | pages= 359-69 | pmid=1702075 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1702075  }}</ref><ref name="pmid14439871">{{cite journal| author=RUBIN CE, BRANDBORG LL, PHELPS PC, TAYLOR HC| title=Studies of celiac disease. 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<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:''' '''GI:''' [[Gastrointestinal tract|Gastrointestinal]], '''CBC''': [[Complete blood count]], '''WBC:''' [[White blood cells|White blood cell]], '''RBC''': [[Red blood cell]], '''Plt:''' [[Platelet]], '''Hgb:''' [[Hemoglobin]], '''ESR''': [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], '''CRP''': [[C-reactive protein|C–reactive protein]], '''IgE:''' [[Immunoglobulin E]], '''IgA:''' [[Immunoglobulin A]], '''ETEC:''' [[Escherichia coli enteritis]], '''EPEC''': [[Escherichia coli|Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli]], '''EIEC''': [[Escherichia coli enteritis|Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli]], '''EHEC''': [[Escherichia coli|Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli]], '''EAEC''': [[Escherichia coli enteritis|Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli]], '''Nl''': Normal, '''ASCA''': [[Anti saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies]], '''ANCA''': [[Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody|Anti–neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody]], '''DNA''': [[DNA|Deoxyribonucleic acid]], '''CFTR''': [[Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator]], '''SLC10A2''': [[SLC10A2|Solute carrier family 10 member 2]], '''SeHCAT''': [[SeHCAT|Selenium homocholic acid taurine or tauroselcholic acid]], '''IEL''': Intraepithelial [[Lymphocyte|lymphocytes]], '''MRCP''': [[Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography]], '''ANA''': [[Antinuclear antibodies]], '''AMA''': [[Anti-mitochondrial antibody]], '''LDH''': [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], '''CPK''': [[Creatine phosphokinase]], '''PCR''': [[Polymerase chain reaction]], '''ELISA''': [[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|Enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay]], '''LT''': Heat–labile [[enterotoxin]], ST: Heat–stable [[enterotoxin]], '''RT-PCR''': Reverse–transcriptase [[polymerase chain reaction]], '''CD4:''' [[CD4|Cluster of differentiation 4]], '''HIV''': [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|Human immunodeficiency virus]], '''RUQ''': [[RUQ|Right-upper quadrant]], '''VIP''': [[Vasoactive intestinal peptide]], '''GI:''' [[Gastrointestinal tract|Gastrointestinal]], '''FAP''': [[Familial adenomatous polyposis]], '''HNPCC''': [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer]], '''MTP''': [[Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein]], '''Scl‑70''': Anti–[[Type I topoisomerase|topoisomerase I]], '''TSH''': [[Thyroid-stimulating hormone]], '''T4''': [[Thyroxine]], '''T3''': [[Triiodothyronine]], '''DTR''': [[Deep tendon reflex]], '''RNA''': [[RNA|Ribonucleic acid]]</span> 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="border: 0px; font-size: 100%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
! colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Categories
! colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
| colspan="9" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Clinical manifestation'''
! colspan="9" rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Lab findings'''
! rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
! rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
! rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
|-
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Symptoms
! colspan="8" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Symptoms
! rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Signs
! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
|-
|-
! colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diarrhea
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Fever
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Abdominal pain
! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Weight loss
! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
!
!
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Watery
! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Bloody
| colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''CBC'''
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Fatty
! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |WBC
|-
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Hgb
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Plt
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other lab findings
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Whipple's disease]]
! colspan="2" rowspan="11" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gastrointestinal
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Crohns disease|Crohn's disease]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
Line 37: Line 84:
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Ocular motility disorders|Abnormal extraocular movement]]
* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
* Oral [[mucosal]] lesions
* [[Hyperpigmentation]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
* Decreased breathing sound
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Anti saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies]] (ASCA)
* [[Vitamin B12]] deficiency
* Elevated [[erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
* Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Uveitis]]
* [[Arthritis]]
* [[Erythema nodosum]]
* [[Pyoderma gangrenosum]]
* [[Amyloidosis]]
* Venous and arterial [[thromboembolism]]
* [[Kidney stone|Renal stones]]
* [[Bronchiectasis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Abnormal immune response to self [[antigens]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Colonoscopy]] with [[biopsy]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ulcerative colitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
* [[Blood]] on [[rectal examination]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓/
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
* [[Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody|Anti–neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody]] ([[P-ANCA|P–ANCA]])
* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
* [[Hypokalemia]]
* [[Hypomagnesemia]]
* Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
* Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Skin rash]]
* [[Iritis]]
* [[Uveitis]]
* [[Uveitis]]
* [[Endocarditis]]
* Seronegative [[arthritis]]
* [[Encephalitis]]
* [[Clubbing]]
* [[Dementia]]
* [[Erythema nodosum]]
* [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
* [[Ascites]]
* [[Pleural effusion]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Tropheryma whipplei]]
* Abnormal immune response to self [[antigens]]
* [[HLA-B27]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Small intestine]] [[biopsy]] for [[Tropheryma whipplei]] testing
* [[Colonoscopy]] with [[biopsy]]
* [[PCR]] testing
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Celiac disease]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Celiac disease]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Abdominal distention]]
* [[Abdominal distention]]
* [[Tetany]]
* Increased [[bowel]] sounds
* [[Mouth ulcers]]
* Oral [[Mucous membrane|mucosal]] lesions
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
* [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
* [[Ascites]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Fat droplets on [[sudan stain]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[IgA]] endomysial antibody
* [[IgA]] endomysial [[antibody]]
* Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody
* Anti–tissue [[transglutaminase]] [[antibody]]
* Anti-gliadin antibody
* [[Anti-gliadin antibodies|Anti–gliadin antibody]]
* [[Fat soluble vitamins]] deficiency
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Signs of the fat-soluble [[Vitamin A|vitamins A]], [[Vitamin D|D]], [[Vitamin E|E]], and [[Vitamin K|K]] deficiency
* [[Malabsorption]]
* [[Dementia]]
* [[Dementia]]
* [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
* [[Ascites]]
* [[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]
* [[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]
* Must follow [[Gluten-free diet]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[HLA-DQ2]]
* [[HLA-DQ2|HLA–DQ2]]
* [[HLA-DQ8]]
* [[HLA-DQ8|HLA–DQ8]]
* Innate responses to [[wheat proteins]]
* Innate responses to wheat [[Protein|proteins]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[IgA]] endomysial antibody
* [[IgA]] endomysial [[antibody]]
* [[IgA]] tissue transglutaminase antibody
* Anti–tissue [[transglutaminase]] [[antibody]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Tropical sprue]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cystic fibrosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
*[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
*[[Rectal prolapse]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Fat droplets on [[sudan stain]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Positive [[DNA]] analysis for [[CFTR|cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator]] [[CFTR|(CFTR)]]
* Nasal transepithelial potential difference
* [[Fat soluble vitamins]] deficiency
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Malabsorption]]
* Recurrent [[respiratory tract infection]]
* [[Bronchiectasis]]
* [[Diabetes mellitus]]
* [[Scoliosis]]
* [[Infertility]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Mutations in the [[cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator]] ([[CFTR]]) protein
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Positive [[genetic testing]]
* Elevated [[Sweat chloride test|sweat chloride]] ≥60 mmol/L
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Pallor]]
* [[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
* Angular [[stomatitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
* [[Oral ulcer|Mouth ulcers]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
* [[Edema]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
* Fat droplets on [[sudan stain]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* Positive [[fecal elastase]] measurement
* [[Vitamin B12 deficiency|Low vitamin B12]]  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
* [[Folate deficiency|Low folic acid]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
* [[Hypokalemia]] 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* Slightly elevated [[amylase]] and [[lipase]]
* Unknown
* Abnormal pancreatic function test
* [[Bacteria]] including ''[[Escherichia coli]]'', ''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]'', ''[[Enterobacter cloacae]]''
* [[Secretin]] stimulation test
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Diagnosis of exclusion
* [[Malabsorption]]
* [[Diabetes mellitus]]
* [[Pancreatic pseudocyst]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Toxin|Toxins]]
* Recurrent [[acute pancreatitis]]
* [[Genetics|Genetic]] predesposition
* [[Autoimmunity|Autoimmune]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography]] ([[Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography|MRCP]])
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Crohns disease]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Bile acid malabsorption]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Fat droplets on [[sudan stain]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Reduced [[cholesterol]] level
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Malabsorption]]
*[[Hypotension]]
*[[Tachycardia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Genetic defects in ''[[SLC10A2]]''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[SeHCAT]] test
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Microscopic colitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
* [[Tachycardia]]
* Fecal [[incontinence]]
* [[Hypotension]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Iron deficiency]]
* [[Hypokalemia]]
* [[Vitamin B12]] deficiency
* Elevated [[erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]  
* Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
* Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
* Positive [[autoantibodies]] include:
**RF
**[[ANA]]
**[[Anti-mitochondrial antibody|AMA]]
**[[ANCA]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Blood seen on [[rectal exam]]
* [[Arthritis]]
* [[Uveitis]]
* [[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
* Pleuro [[pericarditis]]
* [[Hypothyroidism]]
* [[Psoriasis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Abnormal immune response to self [[antigens]]
* [[Mucosal]] [[immune responses]] to luminal factors in a genetically predisposed individual
* Drug–induced
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Colonoscopy]] with [[biopsy]]
* [[Colonoscopy]] with [[mucosal]] [[biopsy]] with [[mononuclear]] infiltrates:
** [[Collagenous colitis]] is characterized by a colonic subepithelial [[collagen]] band >10 micrometers in diameter
** [[Lymphocytic]] [[colitis]] is characterized by ≥20 intraepithelial [[lymphocytes]] (IEL) per 100 surface epithelial cells
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Ulcerative colitis]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Infective colitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*Rebound [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
*Positive [[stool culture]]
* [[Tachycardia]]
*Positive fecal calprotectin
* [[Hypotension]]
*Positive fecal [[lactoferrin]]
* [[Skin rash]]
* [[Aphthous ulcers]]
* [[Clubbing]] of the fingers
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Hypoalbuminemia
*Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
* Hypokalemia
*Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
* Hypomagnesemia
* Iron deficiency
* Elevated ESR
* Elevated CRP
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Iritis]]
*[[Arthritis]]
* [[Uveitis]]
* [[Uveitis]]
* Seronegative [[arthritis]]
* [[Erythema nodosum]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Abnormal immune response to self [[antigens]]
*[[Salmonella|''Salmonella'']]
*[[Shigella|''Shigella'']]
*[[Campylobacter|''Campylobacter'']]
*''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli 0157:H7]]''
*[[Clostridium difficile|''Clostridium difficile'']]
*[[Entamoeba histolytica|''Entamoeba histolytica'']]
*[[Adenoviridae|''Adenovirus'']]
*[[Cytomegalovirus|''Cytomegalovirus'']]
*[[Herpes simplex virus|''Herpes simplex virus'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Colonoscopy]] with [[biopsy]]
*[[Stool culture]]
*[[Blood culture]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Cystic fibrosis]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ischemic colitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
* [[Digital clubbing]]
*Hyperactive then absent [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
* Abnormal [[breathing sounds]]
*[[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
* [[Cyanosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Positive [[DNA]] analysis for [[CFTR]]
*Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
* Evaluated [[nasal]] transepithelial potential difference (NPD)
*Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
*Elevated serum [[Lactic acid|lactate]]
*Elevated [[lactate dehydrogenase]] ([[Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH]]
*Elevated [[Creatine kinase|creatine phosphokinase]] ([[Creatine kinase|CPK]])
*Elevated [[amylase]]
*[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Diabetes]]
*[[Henoch-Schönlein purpura|IgA vasculitis]]
* Recurrent upper and lower [[respiratory tract infections]]
* [[Infertility]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Mutations in the [[cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator]] ([[CFTR]]) protein
*[[Thrombophilia|Hypercoagulability]] 
*Nonocclusive [[Ischemic colitis|colonic ischemia]]
*[[Embolism|Embolic]] and [[Thrombosis|thrombotic]] arterial occlusion
*[[Mesenteric vein thrombosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Elevated [[Sweat chloride test|sweat chloride]] ≥60 mmol/L
*Abdominal [[Computed tomography|CT scan]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[VIPoma]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Lactose intolerance]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
* [[Tachycardia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Rash]]
* [[Abdominal tenderness ]]
* [[Facial flushing]]  
* [[Abdominal distention]]
* [[Abdominal distention]]
* Abdominal [[RUQ]] [[tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Elevated [[VIP]] level
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
*[[Hypokalemia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
*[[Hypochlorhydria]] or [[achlorhydria]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
*Low osmotic gap (<50 mOsm/kg)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Lactose tolerance test
* Genetic testing
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* [[Dehydration]]  
* [[Headache]]
* [[Vertigo]]
* [[Memory impairment]]
* [[Lethargy]]
* [[Lethargy]]
* [[Muscle weakness]]
* [[Nausea]]
* [[Vomiting]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* Primary secretory tumor
* Reduction of lactase enzyme activity or inability to produce persistent [[lactase]]
* Congenital [[lactase deficiency]]
* Secondary lactose malabsorption
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Small bowel]] [[biopsy]] 
* Lactose breath hydrogen test
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
* [[Abdominal distention]]
* Normal [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Anxiety]]
*[[Palpitation]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Unknown
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* Elevated [[VIP]] levels
* Diagnosis of exclusion
* Followed by imaging
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]
! rowspan="29" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Infection
! rowspan="18" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bacterial
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Whipple's disease]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
* [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
* [[Ascites]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Positive [[fecal fat]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓/↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
*[[Fat soluble vitamins]] deficiency
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Malabsorption]]
* [[Ocular motility disorders|Abnormal extraocular movement]]
* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
* [[Hyperpigmentation]]
* [[Uveitis]]
* [[Endocarditis]]
* [[Encephalitis]]
* [[Dementia]]
* [[Pleural effusion]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Tropheryma whipplei|''Tropheryma whipplei'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Small intestine]] [[biopsy]] for [[Tropheryma whipplei]] testing
* [[PCR]] testing
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Tropical sprue]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* Positive [[secretin]] stimulation test
* Angular [[stomatitis]]
* Elevated serum [[chromogranin A]]
* Oral mucosal lesion
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Positive [[stool culture]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* [[Heartburn]]
* [[Fat soluble vitamins]] deficiency
* [[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]
* [[Folate deficiency]]
* [[Hypokalemia]] 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Myalgia]]
*[[Neuropathy]]
*[[Edema]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* [[Gastrin]] producing [[tumor]] mainly in [[duodenum]]
* ''[[Escherichia coli]]''
* ''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]''
* ''[[Enterobacter cloacae]]''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* Elevated basal or stimulated serum [[gastrin]]> 120 pg/mL
* Diagnosis of exclusion
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]] 
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome|Small bowel bacterial overgrowth]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
* [[Abdominal distention]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
*Positive [[stool culture]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
*Positive [[fecal fat]]
* Elevated [[serum]] [[IgE]] levels
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
* [[Eosinophilia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
* Elevated [[ESR]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* Abnormal [[Hydrogen Breath Test|hydrogen breath test]]
* Other [[Allergic disorders|allergic disorders]]
* [[Lactic acidosis]]
* Associated with an identifiable [[dietary]] [[antigen]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* [[Malabsorption]]
* [[Autoimmunity|Autoimmune]] [[Allergy|allergic]] response to food [[antigens]]
* [[Rosacea]] 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Eosinophilic]] infiltration of the [[gastrointestinal tract]] on [[biopsy]]
* Excess bacteria in the [[small intestine]]
* Alterations in [[Intestine|intestinal]] [[anatomy]] or GI motility
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Diagnosis of exclusion
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Primary bile acid malabsorption]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pseudomembranous enterocolitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Generalized [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
* [[Abdominal distention]]
* [[Rebound tenderness|Rebound abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
 
* [[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|Enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay]] ([[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|ELISA]])
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
* [[Polymerase chain reaction]] ([[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]) assay or ''[[Clostridium difficile infection|C. difficile]]'' antigen
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Low  [[Vitamin A|vitamins A]], [[Vitamin D|D]], E, and K
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Elevated [[Creatinine|serum creatinine]]
* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
* Elevated [[lactic acid]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Dehydration]]
* [[Acute kidney injury]]


* [[Bacteremia]]
* [[Reactive arthritis]]
* [[Necrotizing fasciitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Clostridium difficile|''Clostridium difficile'']]
* Recent [[antibiotics]] use
* Recent [[surgery]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Stool examination|Stool exam]]
* Pseudomembranes on [[colonoscopy]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" | [[Campylobacteriosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Positive [[stool culture]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Toxic megacolon]]
*[[Sepsis]]
*[[Arthritis]]
*[[Endocarditis]] 
*[[Guillain-Barré syndrome|Guillain–Barré syndrome]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Genetic defects]] in ''SLC10A2'' (solute carrier family 10 member 2 gene)
*[[Campylobacter jejuni|''Campylobacter jejuni'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Elevated total and specific [[bile acids]] in stool
*[[Stool culture]]
* Positive [[SeHCAT]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Abetalipoproteinemia]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Salmonellosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*[[Abdominal distention]]
*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
*[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Abdominal distension]]
*Positive [[stool culture]]
* [[Visual field defect]]
*Positive serologic testing
* [[Dysarthria]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Low [[triglyceride]]
*[[Hypokalemia]]
* Low total [[cholesterol]] levels 
*[[Hypernatremia]]
* [[Acanthocytes]]
*[[Hyponatremia]]
* Low [[vitamin E]] levels
 
* [[Hypercalciuria]]
* [[Hypocitraturia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Visual impairment
* [[Post-infectious arthritis|Post–infectious arthritis]]
* [[Ataxia]]
* [[Obtundation]]
* [[Bacteremia]]
 
* [[Pericarditis]]
* [[Pyelonephritis]]
*[[Brain abscess]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Autosomal recessive]] disorder caused by mutations encoding the [[microsomal]] [[triglyceride]] transfer protein (MTP)
*[[Salmonella|''Salmonella'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Clinical findings and low [[triglyceride]] and [[cholesterol]] level
*[[Stool culture]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Microscopic colitis]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Shigellosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
* [[Abdominal distention]]
* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
*Positive [[stool culture]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Elevated [[autoantibodies]] include:
*Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
**[[RF]]
*Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
**[[ANA]]
*[[Hyponatremia]]
**[[Anti-mitochondrial antibody|AMA]]
* [[Hypoglycemia]]
**[[ANCA]]
* [[Azotemia]] 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Fecal urgency
* [[Headache]]
* Fecal [[incontinence]]
* [[Lethargy]]
* [[Arthralgia]]
* [[Seizures]]
* [[Arthritis]]
* [[Delirium]]
* [[Uveitis]]
* [[Post-infectious arthritis|Post–infectious arthritis]]
* [[Myocarditis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Mucosal]] [[immune responses]] to luminal factors in a genetically predisposed individual
*[[Shigella|''Shigella'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Colonoscopy]] with [[mucosal]] [[biopsy]] with [[mononuclear]] infiltrates:
*[[Stool culture]]
** [[Collagenous colitis]] is characterized by a colonic subepithelial [[collagen]] band >10 micrometers in diameter
** [[Lymphocytic]] [[colitis]] is characterized by ≥20 intraepithelial [[lymphocytes]] (IEL) per 100 surface epithelial cells
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hyperthyroidism]]
! rowspan="5" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Escherichia coli enteritis]]
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[ETEC|'''ETEC''']]
([[Traveler's diarrhea]])
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Positive [[stool culture]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Lump in the neck
*[[Escherichia coli|''Enterotoxigenic escherichia coli'']]
* [[Proptosis]]
*[[Enterotoxin|Enterotoxins]]:
* [[Tremor]]
**Heat–labile [[enterotoxin]] (LT)
* Increased [[Deep tendon reflex|DTR]]
**Heat–stable [[enterotoxin]] (ST)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Elevated [[T4]]
*[[Stool culture]]
* Elevated [[T3]]
|-
* Decreased [[TSH]]
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EPEC|'''EPEC''']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Lid lag
*Positive [[stool culture]]
* [[Sweating]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
* [[Hyperpigmentation]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Graves' disease]]
*''[[Enteropathogenic E. coli]]''
* [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]]
* [[Toxic adenoma]]  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[TSH]]
*[[Hybridization probe|DNA probe]] or [[polymerase chain reaction]] ([[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]) of the ''EPEC'' adherence factor
*[[Stool culture]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Lactose intolerance]]
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EIEC|'''EIEC''']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
* [[Abdominal tenderness ]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Hypotension]]
*Positive [[stool culture]]
* [[Tachycardia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
* [[Nausea and vomiting]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Hydrogen breath test]]
*[[Escherichia coli enteritis|''Enteroinvasive E. coli'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Bloating]]
*[[Hybridization probe|DNA probe]]
* [[Flatulence]]
*[[Stool culture]]
* Symptoms begin mainly after ingestion of [[lactose]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* Reduction of lactase enzyme activity or inability to produce persistent [[lactase]]
* Congenital [[lactase deficiency]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* [[Lactase]] activity assay
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EHEC|'''EHEC''']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
* [[Flatulence]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
* Hard stool in the rectal vault
*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
*Positive [[stool culture]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
* Diagnosis of exclusion
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Azotemia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|Hemolytic uremic syndrome]] ([[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|HUS]])
*[[Renal insufficiency|Renal failure]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Enterohemorrhagic escherichica coli|''Enterohemorrhagic E. coli'']] 
*[[Shiga toxin|Shiga toxins]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Stool culture]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EAEC|'''EAEC''']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
*Positive [[stool culture]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
* [[Secretin]] stimulation test
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Chronic infection in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Escherichia coli enteritis|''Enteroaggregative E. coli'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Stool culture]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Cirrhosis]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
* [[Abdominal distention]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Positive [[stool culture]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Bacteremia]]
*[[Reactive arthritis]]
*[[Glomerulonephritis]]
*[[Endocarditis]]
*[[Erythema nodosum]]
*[[Abscess]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Yersinia enterocolitica|''Yersinia enterocolitica'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Stool culture]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Short bowel syndrome]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Vibrio cholerae|Vibrio cholera]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Positive [[stool culture]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Azotemia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Severe [[dehydration]]
*Decreased [[Turgor|skin turgor]]
*[[Oliguria]]
*[[Renal insufficiency|Renal failure]]
*[[Cramp|Muscle cramps]]
*[[Seizure]]
*[[Somnolence]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Cholera toxin]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Stool culture]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Intestinal [[lymphoma]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Aeromonas]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
* [[Abdominal distention]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Positive [[stool culture]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Wound [[infection]]
*[[Bacteremia]]
*[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|Hemolytic uremic syndrome]] 
*[[Meningitis]]
*[[Ocular]] infection
*[[Pneumonia]] 
*[[Urinary tract infection]]
*[[Osteomyelitis]]
*[[Peritonitis]]
*[[Acute cholecystitis]]
*[[Opportunistic infection|Opportunistic infections]] in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*''[[Aeromonas]]'' virulence factors including [[Endotoxin|endotoxins]], [[Hemolysin|hemolysins]], [[Enterotoxin|enterotoxins]], and adherence factors
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Blood culture]]
*Wound [[Culture collection|culture]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Agammaglobulinemia]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Plesiomonas shigelloides|Plesiomonas]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Positive [[stool culture]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Opportunistic infection|Opportunistic infections]] in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients or [[Hepato-biliary diseases|hepatobiliary disease]]
*[[Bacteremia]]
*[[Cellulitis]] and [[Skin and soft-tissue infections|skin abscesses]]
*[[Peritonitis]]
*[[Meningoencephalitis]]
*[[Ocular]] [[infection]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Prosthetic devices|Prosthetic]] joint [[infection]] 
*Septic [[Pregnancy termination complications|abortion]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Plesiomonas shigelloides|''Plesiomonas shigelloides'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Blood culture]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Intestinal [[lymphangiectasia]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Mycobacterium avium complex]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
*[[Hepatosplenomegaly]] 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Elevated [[Liver function tests|liver enzymes]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Opportunistic infection]] in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
*[[Pulmonary]] [[infection]]
*[[Lymphadenopathy|Adenopathy]] 
*[[Sleep hyperhidrosis|Night sweats]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Mycobacterium avium complex|''Mycobacterium avium complex'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Blood culture]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Amyloidosis]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Foodborne illness|Food poisoning]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
* [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
* [[Bacillus cereus]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
* [[Clostridium perfringens]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Positive [[stool culture]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*History of travel or ingestion of infected food
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Enterotoxin|Enterotoxins]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Stool culture]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Mastocytosis]]
| rowspan="6" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Virus
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Norovirus]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Positive stool reverse–transcriptase [[polymerase chain reaction]] (RT–PCR)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Myalgia]]
*[[Headache]] 
*[[Seizure]] 
*[[Encephalopathy]] 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Norovirus|''Norovirus'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Clinical diagnosis
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Rotavirus]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Elevated [[blood urea nitrogen]]
*[[Hyperchloremic acidosis]]
*[[Hypocalcemia]] 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]
*[[Intussusception]] 
*[[Biliary atresia]]
*[[Central nervous system]] involvement
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Rotavirus|''Rotavirus'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Stool immune–based assays
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Drug induced [[enteritis]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Echovirus]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Hepatic failure|Liver failure]]
*[[Myocarditis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Echovirus|''Echovirus'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Clinical diagnosis
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[HIV AIDS|HIV infection]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Adenoviridae|Adenovirus]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Viral antigen assay
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Respiratory disease]]
*[[Hyperkeratosis|Follicular]] [[conjunctivitis]]
*Epidemic [[keratoconjunctivitis]]
*[[Hepatitis]] 
*[[Urethritis]] 
*[[Myocarditis]] 
*[[Meningitis]] 
*[[Bacteremia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Adenoviridae|''Adenovirus'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Clinical diagnosis
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Giardiasis]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[CMV colitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Viral antigen assay
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Decreased [[CD4]] level
*Abnormal [[Liver function tests|liver function test]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Encephalitis]] 
*[[Guillain-Barré syndrome|Guillain–Barré syndrome]]
*[[Pneumonia]] 
*[[Retinitis]]
*[[Pericarditis]] and [[myocarditis]]
*[[Atherosclerosis]] 
*[[Venous thromboembolism|Venous thrombosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Cytomegalovirus|''Cytomegalovirus'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Quantitative polymerase chain reaction|Quantitative PCR]] tests 
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Strongyloidiasis]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Tuberculosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|- }
|}
 
==Chronic fatty diarrhea==
 
<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:'''
'''WBC:''' [[White blood cells]]; '''Plt:''' [[Platelet|Platelets]], '''Hgb:''' [[Hemoglobin]], '''IgE:''' [[Immunoglobulin E]], '''IgA:''' [[Immunoglobulin A]]
</span>
 
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 100%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Cause
| colspan="7" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |'''Clinical manifestation'''
! colspan="4" rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Lab findings
! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Additional findings
! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Cause/Pathogenesis
! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Gold standard diagnosis
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Symptoms
! rowspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Signs
|-
! colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diarrhea
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Fever
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Abdominal pain
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Weight loss
!
|-
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Watery
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Bloody
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Fatty
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |WBC
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Hgb
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Plt
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other lab findings
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Whipple's disease]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
* [[Ocular motility disorders|Abnormal extraocular movement]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
* [[Hyperpigmentation]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
* Decreased breathing sound
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓/↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
*Decreased [[CD4]] level
*[[Electrolyte disturbance|Electrolyte imbalance]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Uveitis]]
*[[Lymphadenopathy]]
* [[Endocarditis]]
*Disseminated [[infection]]
* [[Encephalitis]]
* [[Dementia]]
* [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
* [[Ascites]]
* [[Pleural effusion]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Tropheryma whipplei]]
*[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|''HIV'']]
* [[HLA-B27]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Small intestine]] [[biopsy]] for [[Tropheryma whipplei]] testing
*HIV virologic (viral load) test
* [[PCR]] testing
*Immunoassay 
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Celiac disease]]
! rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Parasite
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Entamoeba histolytica]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Abdominal distention]]
*[[Liver abscess]]
* [[Tetany]]
*Pleuropulmonary infection
* [[Mouth ulcers]]
*[[Cardiac]] [[infection]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
*[[Brain abscess]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
*[[Skin and soft-tissue infections|Cutaneous infection]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Entamoeba histolytica|''Entamoeba histolytica'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[IgA]] endomysial antibody
*Antigen testing
* Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody
*Serology 
* Anti-gliadin antibody
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Giardia lamblia|Giardia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Signs of the fat-soluble [[Vitamin A|vitamins A]], [[Vitamin D|D]], [[Vitamin E|E]], and [[Vitamin K|K]] deficiency
*[[Malabsorption]]
* [[Dementia]]
*[[Urticaria]]
* [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
*[[Depression]]
* [[Ascites]]
* [[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]
* Must follow [[Gluten-free diet]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[HLA-DQ2]]
*''[[Giardia lamblia]]''
* [[HLA-DQ8]]
* Innate responses to [[wheat proteins]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[IgA]] endomysial antibody
*Antigen detection assays
* [[IgA]] tissue transglutaminase antibody
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Tropical sprue]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cryptosporidium]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
* [[Pallor]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Angular [[stomatitis]]
*Positive stool microscopy
* [[Oral ulcer|Mouth ulcers]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
* [[Edema]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
*Elevated [[alkaline phosphatase]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Vitamin B12 deficiency|Low vitamin B12]]
*Chronic, life–threatening illness in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
* [[Folate deficiency|Low folic acid]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Hypokalemia]] 
*[[Cryptosporidium|''Cryptosporidium'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
*Polymerase chain reaction
* Unknown
* [[Bacteria]] including ''[[Escherichia coli]]'', ''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]'', ''[[Enterobacter cloacae]]''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* Diagnosis of exclusion
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Crohns disease]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Microsporidia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
*Positive stool microscopy
* [[Tachycardia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
* [[Hypotension]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Iron deficiency]]
*Decreased [[CD4]] count
* [[Vitamin B12]] deficiency
* Elevated [[erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
* Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Blood seen on [[rectal exam]]
*[[Malabsorption]]
*[[Keratitis]] 
*[[Seizure]]
*[[Myositis]] 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Abnormal immune response to self [[antigens]]
*[[Microsporidia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Colonoscopy]] with [[biopsy]]
*Antigen detection assays
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Ulcerative colitis]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Isospora]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
Line 826: Line 1,449:
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
* [[Tachycardia]]
*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
* [[Hypotension]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
* [[Skin rash]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
* [[Aphthous ulcers]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
* [[Clubbing]] of the fingers
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
*Positive stool microscopy
*Positive [[fecal fat]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Hypoalbuminemia
*Elevated [[Eosinophil granulocyte|eosinophils]] 
* Hypokalemia
*[[Hypokalemia]]
* Hypomagnesemia
*Increased [[creatinine]]
* Iron deficiency
* Elevated ESR
* Elevated CRP
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Iritis]]
*Chronic illness in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
* [[Uveitis]]
* Seronegative [[arthritis]]
* [[Erythema nodosum]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Abnormal immune response to self [[antigens]]
*[[Isospora|''Isospora'']]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Colonoscopy]] with [[biopsy]]
*Detecting oocysts in the feces
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Cystic fibrosis]]
! colspan="2" rowspan="6" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Tumors
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Carcinoid syndrome|Carcinoid tumor]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
* [[Abdominal distention]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
* [[Digital clubbing]]
* Abnormal [[breathing sounds]]
* [[Cyanosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Positive [[DNA]] analysis for [[CFTR]]
*Elevated urinary [[5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid|5–hydroxyindoleacetic acid]] ([[5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid|5–HIAA]]) level
* Evaluated [[nasal]] transepithelial potential difference (NPD)
*High [[chromogranin A]]  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Diabetes]]
*[[Flushing|Facial flushing]]
* Recurrent upper and lower [[respiratory tract infections]]
*[[Jaundice]]
* [[Infertility]]
*[[Edema]]
*[[Valvular heart disease]]
*[[Congestive heart failure|Right–sided heart failure]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Mutations in the [[cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator]] ([[CFTR]]) protein
*Well–differentiated [[Neuroendocrine tumors|neuroendocrine tumor]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Elevated [[Sweat chloride test|sweat chloride]] ≥60 mmol/L
*Blood [[chromogranin A]] level
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[VIPoma]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[VIPoma]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |  
* [[Tachycardia]]
* [[Abdominal distention]]  
* [[Rash]]
* [[Facial flushing]]
* [[Abdominal distention]]
* Abdominal [[RUQ]] [[tenderness]]
* Abdominal [[RUQ]] [[tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
* [[Nausea]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
* [[Vomiting]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Elevated [[VIP]] level
*Elevated [[VIP]] level
Line 900: Line 1,534:
*Low osmotic gap (<50 mOsm/kg)
*Low osmotic gap (<50 mOsm/kg)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* [[Rash]]
* [[Facial flushing]]
* [[Dehydration]]  
* [[Dehydration]]  
* [[Lethargy]]
* [[Lethargy]]
* [[Muscle weakness]]
* [[Muscle weakness]]
* [[Nausea]]
* [[Vomiting]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* Primary secretory tumor
* Primary secretory tumor
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* Elevated [[VIP]] levels
* Blood [[VIP]] levels
* Followed by imaging
* Followed by imaging
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome|Zollinger–Ellison syndrome]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
** [[Tenderness|Epigastric tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* Positive [[secretin]] stimulation test
* Positive [[secretin]] stimulation test
* Elevated serum [[chromogranin A]]
* Elevated serum [[chromogranin A]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* [[Heartburn]]
** [[Jaundice]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* [[Gastrin]] producing [[tumor]] mainly in [[duodenum]]
* [[Gastrin]] producing [[tumor]] mainly in [[duodenum]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Elevated basal or stimulated serum [[gastrin]]> 120 pg/mL
* [[Secretin]] stimulation test
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Neuroendocrine tumors|Somatostatinoma]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
** [[Tenderness|Epigastric tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Elevated fasting plasma [[somatostatin]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
** [[Diabetes mellitus]]
** [[Gallstone disease|Cholelithiasis]]
** [[Jaundice]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Neuroendocrine tumors]] of D–cell origin
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Plasma [[somatostatin]] level
*Followed by imaging
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Lymphoma]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
*[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Paraproteinemia]] 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Malabsorption]]
* [[Lactose intolerance]]
* [[Ascites]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Primary [[tumor]] of GI tract
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Colonoscopy]] with [[biopsy]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Colorectal cancer]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Positive [[carcinoembryonic antigen]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Metastasis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[FAP|FAP gene]]
*[[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer|HNPCC gene]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
** [[Colonoscopy]] and [[biopsy]]
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Medication/Toxicity
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |Medications
* [[ACE inhibitor|ACE inhibitors]]
* [[Digoxin]]
* [[Cephalosporin|Cephalosporins]]
* [[Statins]]
* [[Thiazide|Thiazide diuretics]]
* [[Triptans]]
* [[Lactulose]]
* [[HIV AIDS medical therapy|Anti retroviral agents]]
* [[Chemotherapy|Chemotherapeutic agents]]
* [[Antifungal drug|Antifungals]]
* [[Magnesium]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*[[Abdominal distention]]
*[[Dehydration]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Elevated plasma level of drug
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Inflammation]]
*[[Pseudomembranous enterocolitis|Pseudomembranous colitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Clinical evaluation after discontinuation of the drugs
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |Factitious diarrhea
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*[[Abdominal distention]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Hypokalemia]] 
*[[Metabolic alkalosis]]
*[[Hypermagnesemia]] 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Malabsorption]]
*[[Lethargy]]
*[[Generalized weakness]]
*[[Acute kidney injury|Acute renal failure]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Medication|Medications]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Clinical evaluation after discontinuation of the drugs
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Heavy metal ingestion]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*[[Abdominal distention]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Elevated plasma heavy metal level
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Headache]]
*[[Paresthesia|Numbness]]
*[[Alopecia]]
*[[Vertigo]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Heavy metal ingestion]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Plasma level of heavy metal
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Organophosphate poisoning]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*[[Saliva|Salivation]]
*[[Nausea and vomiting|Vomiting]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Reduced RBC acetylcholinesterase
*Plasma [[cholinesterase]] activity
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Dysautonomia|Autonomic dysfunction]]
*Motor deficit
*Sensory deficit
*[[Bronchospasm]]
*[[Urination]]
*[[Miosis]]
*[[Bradycardia]]
*[[Lacrimation]]
*[[Sweating]]
*[[Cardiac arrhythmia|Cardiac arrhythmias]]
*[[Acute kidney injury|Acute renal injury]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Neurotoxin|Neurotoxins]] bind to [[ACHE|acetylcholinesterase]] (AChE)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Clinical diagnosis
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Opium withdrawal]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Azotemia]]
*[[Hypokalemia]]
*[[Metabolic alkalosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Dysphoria]] 
*[[Agitation (emotion)|Restlessness]]
*[[Perspiration|Sweating]]
*[[Rhinorrhea]]
*[[Tears|Lacrimation]]
*[[Myalgia]]
*[[Arthralgia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Opium|Opium withdrawal]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Clinical diagnosis following [[opium withdrawal]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]] 
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Iatrogenic
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Short bowel syndrome]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
* [[Abdominal distention]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
* [[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Positive [[fecal fat]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ↑
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* Elevated [[serum]] [[IgE]] levels
* [[Eosinophilia]]
* Elevated [[ESR]]
* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* High level of [[Acute phase protein|acute phase reactant]]
* Other [[Allergic disorders|allergic disorders]]
* Abnormal [[liver function tests]]
* Associated with an identifiable [[dietary]] [[antigen]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* Prior [[Intestine|intestinal]] surgery
* [[Autoimmunity|Autoimmune]] [[Allergy|allergic]] response to food [[antigens]]
* [[Malabsorption]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
* [[Crohn's disease]]
* [[Eosinophilic]] infiltration of the [[gastrointestinal tract]] on [[biopsy]]
* [[Cancer|Malignancy]]
* Peripheral [[edema]]
* [[Muscle atrophy]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Surgical [[bowel resection]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Clinical diagnosis following [[bowel resection]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Primary bile acid malabsorption]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Radiation enteropathy|Radiation enteritis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
* [[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
 
*Positive [[fecal fat]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Low  [[Vitamin A|vitamins A]], [[Vitamin D|D]], E, and K
*Vitamin B12 deficiency
*[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
 
*Prior history of [[Cancer|malignancy]] and [[radiation therapy]]
*[[Malabsorption]]
*[[Telangiectasia|Telangiectasias]] 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Genetic defects]] in ''SLC10A2'' (solute carrier family 10 member 2 gene)
*[[Radiation therapy|Radiation]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Elevated total and specific [[bile acids]] in stool
*Segmental bowel [[inflammation]] on [[endoscopy]] or [[colonoscopy]]
* Positive [[SeHCAT]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Abetalipoproteinemia]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gastric dumping syndrome|Dumping syndrome]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
*Hyperactive [[bowel sound]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Abdominal distension]]
* [[Hypoglycemia]]
* [[Visual field defect]]
* [[Hydrogen Breath Test|Hydrogen breath test]]
* [[Dysarthria]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Low [[triglyceride]]
* Low total [[cholesterol]] levels 
* [[Acanthocytes]]
* Low [[vitamin E]] levels
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Visual impairment
*[[Malnutrition]]
* [[Ataxia]]
*[[Fat soluble vitamins|Fat soluble vitamin]] deficiency
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Autosomal recessive]] disorder caused by mutations encoding the [[microsomal]] [[triglyceride]] transfer protein (MTP)
*[[Post operative complications|Postgastrectomy]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Clinical findings and low [[triglyceride]] and [[cholesterol]] level
*Clinical diagnosis following [[gastrectomy]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Microscopic colitis]]
! colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Others
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Abetalipoproteinemia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
* [[Abdominal distension]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Elevated [[autoantibodies]] include:
* Low [[triglyceride]]
**[[RF]]
* Low total [[cholesterol]] levels 
**[[ANA]]
* [[Acanthocytes]]
**[[Anti-mitochondrial antibody|AMA]]
* Low [[vitamin E]] levels
**[[ANCA]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Fecal urgency
* [[Ataxia]]
* Fecal [[incontinence]]
* [[Visual field defect]]
* [[Arthralgia]]
* [[Dysarthria]]
* [[Arthritis]]
* [[Uveitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Mucosal]] [[immune responses]] to luminal factors in a genetically predisposed individual
* [[Autosomal recessive]] disorder caused by mutations encoding the [[microsomal triglyceride transfer protein]] (MTP)
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Colonoscopy]] with [[mucosal]] [[biopsy]] with [[mononuclear]] infiltrates:
* Clinical findings and low [[triglyceride]] and [[cholesterol]] level
** [[Collagenous colitis]] is characterized by a colonic subepithelial [[collagen]] band >10 micrometers in diameter
** [[Lymphocytic]] [[colitis]] is characterized by ≥20 intraepithelial [[lymphocytes]] (IEL) per 100 surface epithelial cells
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hyperthyroidism]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hyperthyroidism]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Lump in the neck
*Positive [[fecal fat]]  
* [[Proptosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
* [[Tremor]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
* Increased [[Deep tendon reflex|DTR]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Elevated [[T4]]
* Elevated [[T4]]
* Elevated [[T3]]
* Elevated [[T3]]
* Decreased [[TSH]]
* Decreased [[TSH]]
* High serum [[alkaline phosphatase]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Lump in the neck
* Lid lag
* Lid lag
* [[Malabsorption]]
* [[Sweating]]
* [[Sweating]]
* [[Hyperpigmentation]]
* [[Hyperpigmentation]]
* [[Proptosis]]
* [[Tremor]]
* Increased [[Deep tendon reflex|DTR]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Graves' disease]]
* [[Graves' disease]]
Line 1,068: Line 2,020:
* [[TSH]]
* [[TSH]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Lactose intolerance]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Abdominal tenderness ]]
* [[Hypotension]]
* [[Tachycardia]]
* [[Nausea and vomiting]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Hydrogen breath test]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Bloating]]
* [[Flatulence]]
* Symptoms begin mainly after ingestion of [[lactose]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Reduction of lactase enzyme activity or inability to produce persistent [[lactase]]
* Congenital [[lactase deficiency]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Lactase]] activity assay
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
* [[Flatulence]]
* Hard stool in the rectal vault
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
* Diagnosis of exclusion
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
*[[Fecal incontinence]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
*Positive [[fecal fat]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
* [[Secretin]] stimulation test
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Hyperglycemia]]
*[[Azotemia]]
*[[Hypokalemia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*[[Malabsorption]] 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Unclear
*Disordered [[motility]]
*Increased [[Intestine|intestinal]] secretion
*[[Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
*Clinical diagnosis in a patient with long lasting [[diabetes mellitus]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Cirrhosis]]
! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Scleroderma|Systemic sclerosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
*[[Abdominal pain|Epigastric tenderness]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
*[[Fecal incontinence]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Short bowel syndrome]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
*Positive [[fecal fat]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
* Anti–[[Type I topoisomerase|topoisomerase I]] (Scl‑70) antibodies
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
* [[Antinuclear antibodies]] ([[Antinuclear antibodies|ANA]])
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* [[Anti-centromere antibodies|Anti–centromere antibodies]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
* Anti–[[RNA polymerase III]] antibody
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
|-
*[[Malabsorption]]
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Agammaglobulinemia]]
*[[Skin changes]]
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*[[Raynaud's phenomenon|Raynaud phenomenon]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]]
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*[[Arthritis]]
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*[[Telangiectasia]]
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*[[Chronic renal failure]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
*[[Autoimmunity|Autoimmune reaction]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
*Clinical diagnosis
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*Followed by serologic tests
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Intestinal [[lymphangiectasia]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | -
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
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|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Amyloidosis]]
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Mastocytosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Drug induced [[enteritis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Giardiasis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Strongyloidiasis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Tuberculosis]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |
|-
!Chronic laxative abuse
!
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|- }
|- }
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|}
<references />

Latest revision as of 16:37, 21 December 2017

Differential Diagnosis of Diarrhea

To review the differential diagnosis of diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of traveler's diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of acute watery diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of acute bloody diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of acute fatty diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of chronic watery diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of chronic bloody diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of chronic fatty diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea and fever, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea and fever, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea and abdominal pain, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea and weight loss, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea and weight loss, click here.

Diarrhea

The following table outlines the major differential diagnoses of diarrhea.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]

Abbreviations: GI: Gastrointestinal, CBC: Complete blood count, WBC: White blood cell, RBC: Red blood cell, Plt: Platelet, Hgb: Hemoglobin, ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP: C–reactive protein, IgE: Immunoglobulin E, IgA: Immunoglobulin A, ETEC: Escherichia coli enteritis, EPEC: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, EIEC: Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, EHEC: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, EAEC: Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, Nl: Normal, ASCA: Anti saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies, ANCA: Anti–neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, CFTR: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, SLC10A2: Solute carrier family 10 member 2, SeHCAT: Selenium homocholic acid taurine or tauroselcholic acid, IEL: Intraepithelial lymphocytes, MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, ANA: Antinuclear antibodies, AMA: Anti-mitochondrial antibody, LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase, CPK: Creatine phosphokinasePCR: Polymerase chain reaction, ELISA: Enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay, LT: Heat–labile enterotoxin, ST: Heat–stable enterotoxin, RT-PCR: Reverse–transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, CD4: Cluster of differentiation 4, HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, RUQ: Right-upper quadrant, VIP: Vasoactive intestinal peptide, GI: Gastrointestinal, FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis, HNPCC: Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, MTP: Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, Scl‑70: Anti–topoisomerase I, TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone, T4: Thyroxine, T3: Triiodothyronine, DTR: Deep tendon reflex, RNA: Ribonucleic acid

Categories Cause Clinical manifestation Lab findings Extra intestinal findings Cause/Pathogenesis Gold standard diagnosis
Symptoms GI signs
Duration Diarrhea Fever Abdominal pain Weight loss
Stool exam CBC Other lab findings
Acute Chronic Watery Bloody Fatty WBC RBC Ova/Parasite Osmotic gap Other WBC Hgb Plt
Gastrointestinal Crohn's disease + + + + ± + + + + Nl
  • Abnormal immune response to self antigens
Ulcerative colitis + + + + ± + + + + Nl
  • Abnormal immune response to self antigens
Celiac disease + ± ± + + Nl Nl Nl
Cystic fibrosis + + ± + + Nl Nl Nl
Chronic pancreatitis + + + + + Nl Nl Nl Nl
Bile acid malabsorption + + + + Nl Nl Nl Nl
Microscopic colitis + + + + Nl Nl Nl
Infective colitis + + + + + + + + + Nl
Ischemic colitis + + + + + + + + + Nl
Lactose intolerance + + + + Nl Nl Nl
  • Lactose tolerance test
  • Genetic testing
  • Reduction of lactase enzyme activity or inability to produce persistent lactase
  • Congenital lactase deficiency
  • Secondary lactose malabsorption
Irritable bowel syndrome + ± ± ± Nl Nl Nl Nl Nl
  • Unknown
  • Diagnosis of exclusion
Infection Bacterial Whipple's disease + + + ± + + Nl ↓/↑
Tropical sprue + + + + + + + + Nl Nl Nl
  • Diagnosis of exclusion
Small bowel bacterial overgrowth + + + + + + Nl Nl Nl
  • Diagnosis of exclusion
Pseudomembranous enterocolitis + + ± + + ± + + Nl
 Campylobacteriosis + + + + + + + Nl Nl Nl Nl
Salmonellosis + + + + + + + + Nl Nl
Shigellosis + + + + + + + Nl ↑/↓
Escherichia coli enteritis ETEC

(Traveler's diarrhea)

+ + + + Nl Nl Nl
EPEC + + + + + + + + + Nl Nl Nl
EIEC + + + + + + + Nl Nl Nl
EHEC + + + + + + Nl
EAEC + + + + + + + Nl
Yersinia enterocolitica + + + + + + + Nl Nl Nl
Vibrio cholera + + + + Nl Nl Nl
Aeromonas + + + + + + + + Nl Nl Nl
Plesiomonas + + + + + + + Nl Nl Nl
Mycobacterium avium complex + + + + + + + + Nl Nl
Food poisoning + + ± + + ± + ± Nl Nl Nl
  • History of travel or ingestion of infected food
Virus Norovirus + + + + Nl Nl Nl
  • Clinical diagnosis
Rotavirus + + + + Nl Nl Nl Nl
  • Stool immune–based assays
Echovirus + + + + Nl Nl Nl Nl
  • Clinical diagnosis
Adenovirus + + + + Nl
  • Viral antigen assay
Nl Nl Nl
  • Clinical diagnosis
CMV colitis + + + ± + + + Nl
  • Viral antigen assay
Nl Nl
HIV + + + + + + Nl Nl
  • HIV virologic (viral load) test
  • Immunoassay 
Parasite Entamoeba histolytica + + + + + + + + + Nl Nl Nl
  • Antigen testing
  • Serology 
Giardia + + + + + + Nl Nl Nl Nl
  • Antigen detection assays
Cryptosporidium + + + + + Nl
  • Positive stool microscopy
Nl Nl Nl
  • Polymerase chain reaction
Microsporidia + + + + + + Nl
  • Positive stool microscopy
Nl Nl Nl
  • Decreased CD4 count
  • Antigen detection assays
Isospora + + + + + + + + + + Nl Nl Nl
  • Detecting oocysts in the feces
Tumors Carcinoid tumor + + + + + + Nl Nl Nl
VIPoma + + + + + + Nl Nl Nl
  • Primary secretory tumor
  • Blood VIP levels
  • Followed by imaging
Zollinger–Ellison syndrome + + + + + + Nl Nl
Somatostatinoma + + + + Nl Nl Nl
Lymphoma + + + + + + + Nl Nl Nl
  • Primary tumor of GI tract
Colorectal cancer + + + + + + + Nl Nl Nl
Medication/Toxicity Medications + + + ± ± + + ↑/↓ Nl Nl
  • Elevated plasma level of drug
  • Clinical evaluation after discontinuation of the drugs
Factitious diarrhea + + + + + ↑/↓ Nl Nl Nl
  • Clinical evaluation after discontinuation of the drugs
Heavy metal ingestion + + + + Nl Nl Nl Nl
  • Elevated plasma heavy metal level
  • Plasma level of heavy metal
Organophosphate poisoning + + + + Nl Nl Nl Nl
  • Clinical diagnosis
Opium withdrawal + + + + Nl Nl Nl Nl
Iatrogenic Short bowel syndrome + + + + + Nl Nl
Radiation enteritis + + + + + + + + + Nl Nl Nl
Dumping syndrome + + + + Nl Nl Nl Nl
Others Abetalipoproteinemia + + + + + Nl Nl Nl Nl
Hyperthyroidism + + ± + + Nl Nl Nl Nl
Diabetic neuropathy + + + + + Nl Nl Nl
Systemic sclerosis + + ± + + + + Nl Nl Nl
  • Clinical diagnosis
  • Followed by serologic tests
  1. Casburn-Jones, Anna C; Farthing, Michael Jg (2004). "Traveler's diarrhea". Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 19 (6): 610–618. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2003.03287.x. ISSN 0815-9319.
  2. Kamat, Deepak; Mathur, Ambika (2006). "Prevention and Management of Travelers' Diarrhea". Disease-a-Month. 52 (7): 289–302. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2006.08.003. ISSN 0011-5029.
  3. Pfeiffer, Margaret L.; DuPont, Herbert L.; Ochoa, Theresa J. (2012). "The patient presenting with acute dysentery – A systematic review". Journal of Infection. 64 (4): 374–386. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2012.01.006. ISSN 0163-4453.
  4. Barr W, Smith A (2014). "Acute diarrhea". Am Fam Physician. 89 (3): 180–9. PMID 24506120.
  5. Amil Dias J (2017). "Celiac Disease: What Do We Know in 2017?". GE Port J Gastroenterol. 24 (6): 275–278. doi:10.1159/000479881. PMID 29255768.
  6. Kotloff KL, Riddle MS, Platts-Mills JA, Pavlinac P, Zaidi A (2017). "Shigellosis". Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33296-8. PMID 29254859. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
  7. Yamamoto-Furusho, J.K.; Bosques-Padilla, F.; de-Paula, J.; Galiano, M.T.; Ibañez, P.; Juliao, F.; Kotze, P.G.; Rocha, J.L.; Steinwurz, F.; Veitia, G.; Zaltman, C. (2017). "Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: Primer Consenso Latinoamericano de la Pan American Crohn's and Colitis Organisation". Revista de Gastroenterología de México. 82 (1): 46–84. doi:10.1016/j.rgmx.2016.07.003. ISSN 0375-0906.
  8. Borbély, Yves M; Osterwalder, Alice; Kröll, Dino; Nett, Philipp C; Inglin, Roman A (2017). "Diarrhea after bariatric procedures: Diagnosis and therapy". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 23 (26): 4689. doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i26.4689. ISSN 1007-9327.
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