Acute phase protein

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Inflammatory cells and red blood cells

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]


Overview

Acute-phase proteins are a class of proteins whose plasma concentrations increase (positive acute phase proteins) or decrease (negative acute phase proteins) in response to inflammation. This response is called the acute-phase reaction (also called acute phase response).

In response to injury, local inflammatory cells (neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages) secrete a number of cytokines into the bloodstream, most notable of which are the interleukins IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8, and TNF-α.

The liver responds by producing a large number of acute-phase reactants.

Examples

The notable are:

Serum albumin concentrations fall in acute disease states. For this reason albumin is sometimes referred to as a negative acute phase protein.

Clinical significance

Measurement of acute phase proteins is a useful marker of inflammation in both medical and veterinary clinical pathology. It correlates with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).

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