Carcinoembryonic antigen
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| carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5
| |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | CEACAM5 |
| Alt. Symbols | CEA |
| Entrez | 1048 |
| HUGO | 1817 |
| OMIM | 114890 |
| RefSeq | NM_004363 |
| UniProt | P06731 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 19 q13.1-13.2 |
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Overview
- Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein-polysaccharide complex
- Located in colon carcinomas, fetal intestine, liver and pancreas
- Reference range: < 3 ug/l [1]
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion. It is normally produced during fetal development, but the production of CEA stops before birth. Therefore, it is not usually present in the blood of healthy adults, although levels are raised in heavy smokers. CEA was first identified in 1965 by Phil Gold and Samuel O. Freedman in human colon cancer tissue extracts.[2] It was found that serum from individuals with colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, lung and breast carcinomas had higher levels of CEA than healthy individuals.
CEA measurement is mainly used as a tumor marker to identify recurrences after surgical resection. Elevated CEA levels should return to normal after surgical resection, as elevation of CEA during follow up is an indicator of recurrence of tumour.
CEA levels may also be raised in some non-neoplastic conditions like ulcerative colitis, [pancreatitis]] and cirrhosis.
CEA and related genes make up the CEA family belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. In humans, the carcinoembryonic antigen family consists of 29 genes, 18 of which are normally expressed. [3]
Differential Diagnosis
In alphabetical order. [4] [5]
Increased
- Alcoholic Cirrhosis
- Breast Cancer
- Bronchial carcinoma
- Cervical Cancer
- Colorectal tumors
- Gastric carcinoma
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Inflammatory liver diseases
- Medullar thyroid carcinoma
- Ovarian Cancer
- Pancreatic Cancer
- Pancreatitis
- Emphysema
- Smoking
References
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Gold P, Freedman SO. Demonstration of tumor-specific antigens in human colonic carcinomata by immunological tolerance and absorption techniques. J Exp Med 1965;121:439. PMID 14270243.
- ↑ Hammarstrom S. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family: structures, suggested functions and expression in normal and malignant tissues. Semin Cancer Biol 1999;9:67-81. PMID 10202129.
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X
External links
Proteins: clusters of differentiation (see also list of human clusters of differentiation) | |
|---|---|
| 1-50 | CD1 (CD1a-c, CD1d) - CD2 - CD3 - CD4 - CD5 - CD8 - CD9 - CD10 - CD11 (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c) - CD13 - CD14 - CD15 - CD16 - CD18 - CD19 - CD20 - CD21 - CD22 - CD23 - CD24 - CD25 - CD26 - CD27 - CD28 - CD29 - CD30 - CD31 - CD32 - CD33 - CD34 - CD35 - CD36 - CD37 -CD38 - CD40 - CD43 - CD44 - CD45 - CD46 - CD49 (CD49a, CD49b, CD49c, CD49d) |
| 51-100 | CD52 - CD53 - CD54 - CD55 - CD56 - CD58 - CD59 - CD61 - CD62 (CD62E, CD62L, CD62P) - CD63 - CD64 - CD66e - CD68 - CD70 - CD71 - CD72 - CD79 - CD80 - CD81 - CD82 - CD83 - CD86 - CD88 - CD89 - CD90 - CD94 - CD95 - CD97 - CD98 |
| 101-350 | CD103 - CD106 - CD114 - CD116 - CD117 - CD118 - CD120 - CD122 - CD130 - CD131 - CD132 - CD133 - CD134 - CD135 - CD137 - CD138 - CD141 - CD142 - CD143 - CD146 - CD147 - CD151 - CD152 - CD153 - CD154 - CD155 - CD162 - CD164 - CD169 - CD184 - CD206 - CD209 - CD257 - CD278 - CD281 - CD282 - CD283 - CD304 |
Membrane proteins: cell adhesion molecules | |
|---|---|
| IgSF | N-CAM (Myelin protein zero) - ICAM (1, 4) - VCAM-1 - PE-CAM - L1-CAM |
| Cadherins | Desmoglein - T-cadherin |
| Selectins | E-selectin - L-selectin - P-selectin |
| Integrins | LFA-1 - Integrin alphaXbeta2 - Macrophage-1 antigen - VLA-4 - Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (Note: integrins not always classified as CAMs) |
| Other | Carcinoembryonic antigen - CD22 - CD24 - CD44 - CD146 - CD164 |
Tumor markers |
|---|
| Alpha-fetoprotein/AFP-L3 - CA-125 - CA 19-9 - CD30 - Autocrine motility factor - Carcinoembryonic antigen - βHCG - erbB-2 receptor - erbB-3 receptor - NANOG - Neprilysin - Normetanephrine - PCNA - Prostate specific antigen - Synaptophysin |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
