Diarrhea: Difference between revisions

	Diarrhea Microchapters
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Overview
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Classification Acute Diarrhea Chronic diarrhea
Differential Diagnosis

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Latest revision as of 21:22, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Usama Talib, BSc, MD [2], Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[3], Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [4], Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [5], M.Umer Tariq [6]

Synonyms and keywords: Loose stools

Overview

Diarrhea is defined as the passage of unformed or abnormally liquid stools at an increased frequency. Diarrhea can be classified as acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea has a duration of less than 2 weeks and may be classified on the basis of etiology and presentation. On the basis of etiology, acute diarrhea may be classified into infectious and non-infectious subtypes. Subacute diarrhea is defined as a diarrhea lasting for two to four weeks. Although chronic diarrhea has multiple definitions, a current working definition is the production of loose stools for longer than 4 weeks. Frequent defecation with normal consistency is termed psuedo-diarrhea. There are 3 basic categories of chronic diarrhea: watery, fatty (malabsorption), and inflammatory (with blood and pus). The diagnosis is based on duration of symptoms, signs, microscopic stool examination and culture, stool osmolarity, and in some rare instances colonoscopy. The treatment is mainly based on severity of symptoms, etiology and availability of medications. Prevention is based on proper maintaining the filtration systems at water plants, hand wash, and effectively use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Vaccination for some viruses, such as Rotavirus is a part of preventive measures.

Classification

Diarrhea can be classified as acute or chronic depending on the duration of onset of symptoms. Acute and chronic diarrhea can be further classified as follows:

Classification of Acute Diarrhea

Acute diarrhea

Infectious

Non-Infectious

Classification of Chronic Diarrhea

Chronic diarrhea

Watery

Inflammatory

Secretory

Osmotic

Differential Diagnosis of Diarrhea of other diseases

To review the differential diagnosis of diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of traveler's diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of acute watery diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of acute bloody diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of acute fatty diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of chronic watery diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of chronic bloody diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of chronic fatty diarrhea, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea and fever, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea and fever, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea and abdominal pain, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea and weight loss, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea and weight loss, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss, click here.

To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss, click here.

Diarrhea

The following table outlines the major differential diagnoses of diarrhea.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24]^[25]^[26]^[27]^[28]^[29]^[30]

Abbreviations: GI: Gastrointestinal, CBC: Complete blood count, WBC: White blood cell, RBC: Red blood cell, Plt: Platelet, Hgb: Hemoglobin, ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP: C–reactive protein, IgE: Immunoglobulin E, IgA: Immunoglobulin A, ETEC: Escherichia coli enteritis, EPEC: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, EIEC: Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, EHEC: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, EAEC: Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, Nl: Normal, ASCA: Anti saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies, ANCA: Anti–neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, CFTR: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, SLC10A2: Solute carrier family 10 member 2, SeHCAT: Selenium homocholic acid taurine or tauroselcholic acid, IEL: Intraepithelial lymphocytes, MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, ANA: Antinuclear antibodies, AMA: Anti-mitochondrial antibody, LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase, CPK: Creatine phosphokinase, PCR: Polymerase chain reaction, ELISA: Enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay, LT: Heat–labile enterotoxin, ST: Heat–stable enterotoxin, RT-PCR: Reverse–transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, CD4: Cluster of differentiation 4, HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, RUQ: Right-upper quadrant, VIP: Vasoactive intestinal peptide, GI: Gastrointestinal, FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis, HNPCC: Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, MTP: Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, Scl‑70: Anti–topoisomerase I, TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone, T4: Thyroxine, T3: Triiodothyronine, DTR: Deep tendon reflex, RNA: Ribonucleic acid

				Symptoms								GI signs
Categories		Cause		Clinical manifestation									Lab findings									Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
				Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss
				Duration		Diarrhea							Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings
				Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty					WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings
Gastrointestinal		Crohn's disease		–	+	+	+	+	±	+	+	Abdominal tenderness Oral mucosal lesions	+	+	–	Nl	–	↑	↓	↑	Anti saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) Vitamin B12 deficiency Elevated ESR Elevated CRP	Uveitis Arthritis Erythema nodosum Pyoderma gangrenosum Amyloidosis Venous and arterial thromboembolism Renal stones Bronchiectasis	Abnormal immune response to self antigens	Colonoscopy with biopsy
		Ulcerative colitis		–	+	+	+	+	±	+	+	Abdominal tenderness Blood on rectal examination	+	+	–	Nl	–	↑	↓	↑	Anti–neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (P–ANCA) Hypoalbuminemia Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Elevated ESR Elevated CRP	Skin rash Iritis Uveitis Seronegative arthritis Clubbing Erythema nodosum	Abnormal immune response to self antigens	Colonoscopy with biopsy
		Celiac disease		–	+	±	–	±	–	+	+	Abdominal distention Increased bowel sounds Oral mucosal lesions Hepatosplenomegaly Ascites	–	–	–	Nl	Fat droplets on sudan stain	Nl	↓	Nl	IgA endomysial antibody Anti–tissue transglutaminase antibody Anti–gliadin antibody Fat soluble vitamins deficiency	Malabsorption Dementia Dermatitis herpetiformis	HLA–DQ2 HLA–DQ8 Innate responses to wheat proteins	IgA endomysial antibody Anti–tissue transglutaminase antibody
		Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Cystic fibrosis		–	+	–	–	+	±	+	+	Abdominal distention Hepatosplenomegaly Rectal prolapse	–	–	–	Nl	Fat droplets on sudan stain	Nl	↓	Nl	Positive DNA analysis for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Nasal transepithelial potential difference Fat soluble vitamins deficiency	Malabsorption Recurrent respiratory tract infection Bronchiectasis Diabetes mellitus Scoliosis Infertility	Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein	Positive genetic testing Elevated sweat chloride ≥60 mmol/L
		Chronic pancreatitis		–	+	+	–	+	–	+	+	Abdominal tenderness	–	–	–	Nl	Fat droplets on sudan stain Positive fecal elastase measurement	Nl	Nl	Nl	Slightly elevated amylase and lipase Abnormal pancreatic function test Secretin stimulation test	Malabsorption Diabetes mellitus Pancreatic pseudocyst	Toxins Recurrent acute pancreatitis Genetic predesposition Autoimmune	Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
		Bile acid malabsorption		–	+	+	–	+	–	–	+		–	–	–	Nl	Fat droplets on sudan stain	Nl	Nl	Nl	Reduced cholesterol level	Malabsorption Hypotension Tachycardia	Genetic defects in SLC10A2	SeHCAT test
		Microscopic colitis		–	+	+	–	–	–	+	+	Abdominal tenderness Fecal incontinence	–	–	–	Nl	–	Nl	↓	Nl	Hypokalemia Elevated CRP Positive autoantibodies include: RF ANA AMA ANCA	Arthritis Uveitis Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Pleuro pericarditis Hypothyroidism Psoriasis	Mucosal immune responses to luminal factors in a genetically predisposed individual Drug–induced	Colonoscopy with mucosal biopsy with mononuclear infiltrates: Collagenous colitis is characterized by a colonic subepithelial collagen band >10 micrometers in diameter Lymphocytic colitis is characterized by ≥20 intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) per 100 surface epithelial cells
		Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Infective colitis		–	+	+	+	–	+	+	+	Rebound abdominal tenderness	+	+	+	Nl	Positive stool culture Positive fecal calprotectin Positive fecal lactoferrin	↑	↓	↑	Elevated CRP Elevated ESR	Arthritis Uveitis	Salmonella Shigella Campylobacter E. coli 0157:H7 Clostridium difficile Entamoeba histolytica Adenovirus Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex virus	Stool culture Blood culture
		Ischemic colitis		+	+	+	+	–	+	+	+	Hyperactive then absent bowel sounds Abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	–	↑	↓	↑	Elevated CRP Elevated ESR Elevated serum lactate Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) Elevated amylase Hypoalbuminemia	IgA vasculitis	Hypercoagulability Nonocclusive colonic ischemia Embolic and thrombotic arterial occlusion Mesenteric vein thrombosis	Abdominal CT scan
		Lactose intolerance		+	+	+	–	–	–	+	–	Abdominal tenderness Abdominal distention	–	–	–	↑	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Lactose tolerance test Genetic testing	Headache Vertigo Memory impairment Lethargy	Reduction of lactase enzyme activity or inability to produce persistent lactase Congenital lactase deficiency Secondary lactose malabsorption	Small bowel biopsy Lactose breath hydrogen test
		Irritable bowel syndrome		–	+	±	–	±	–	±	–	Abdominal tenderness Abdominal distention Normal bowel sounds	–	–	–	Nl	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Nl	Anxiety Palpitation	Unknown	Diagnosis of exclusion
Infection	Bacterial	Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Whipple's disease		–	+	+	–	+	±	+	+	Hepatosplenomegaly Ascites	–	–	–	Nl	Positive fecal fat	↓	↓	↓/↑	Hypoalbuminemia Fat soluble vitamins deficiency	Malabsorption Abnormal extraocular movement Lymphadenopathy Hyperpigmentation Uveitis Endocarditis Encephalitis Dementia Pleural effusion	Tropheryma whipplei	Small intestine biopsy for Tropheryma whipplei testing PCR testing
		Tropical sprue		+	+	+	–	+	+	+	+	Angular stomatitis Oral mucosal lesion	+	–	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	Nl	↓	Nl	Fat soluble vitamins deficiency Vitamin B12 deficiency Folate deficiency Hypokalemia	Myalgia Neuropathy Edema	Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Enterobacter cloacae	Diagnosis of exclusion
		Small bowel bacterial overgrowth		–	+	+	–	+	–	+	+	Abdominal distention	+	–	–	Nl	Positive stool culture Positive fecal fat	Nl	↓	Nl	Hypoalbuminemia Abnormal hydrogen breath test Lactic acidosis	Malabsorption Rosacea	Excess bacteria in the small intestine Alterations in intestinal anatomy or GI motility	Diagnosis of exclusion
		Pseudomembranous enterocolitis		+	–	+	±	–	+	+	±	Generalized abdominal tenderness Abdominal distention Rebound abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay or C. difficile antigen	↑	↓	↓	Elevated serum creatinine Hypoalbuminemia Elevated lactic acid	Dehydration Acute kidney injury Bacteremia Reactive arthritis Necrotizing fasciitis	Clostridium difficile Recent antibiotics use Recent surgery	Stool exam Pseudomembranes on colonoscopy
		Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Campylobacteriosis		+	–	+	+	–	+	+	–	Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	Nl	Toxic megacolon Sepsis Arthritis Endocarditis Guillain–Barré syndrome	Campylobacter jejuni	Stool culture
		Salmonellosis		+	+	+	+	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention Diffuse abdominal tenderness Hepatosplenomegaly	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture Positive serologic testing	↑	Nl	↑	Hypokalemia Hypernatremia Hyponatremia Hypercalciuria Hypocitraturia	Post–infectious arthritis Obtundation Bacteremia Pericarditis Pyelonephritis Brain abscess	Salmonella	Stool culture
		Shigellosis		+	–	+	+	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention Hyperactive bowel sounds Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑/↓	↓	↓	Elevated CRP Elevated ESR Hyponatremia Hypoglycemia Azotemia	Headache Lethargy Seizures Delirium Post–infectious arthritis Myocarditis	Shigella	Stool culture
		Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Escherichia coli enteritis	ETEC (Traveler's diarrhea)	+	–	+	–	–	+	–	–	Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	–	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	–	–	Enterotoxigenic escherichia coli Enterotoxins: Heat–labile enterotoxin (LT) Heat–stable enterotoxin (ST)	Stool culture
			EPEC	+	+	+	+	–	+	+	+	Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	–	–	Enteropathogenic E. coli	DNA probe or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the EPEC adherence factor Stool culture
			EIEC	+	–	+	+	–	+	+	–	Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	–	–	Enteroinvasive E. coli	DNA probe Stool culture
			EHEC	+	–	+	+	–	–	+	–	Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	↓	↓	Azotemia	Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) Renal failure	Enterohemorrhagic E. coli Shiga toxins	Stool culture
			EAEC	+	+	+	+	–	–	+	–	Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	↓	↓	–	Chronic infection in immunocompromised patients	Enteroaggregative E. coli	Stool culture
		Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Yersinia enterocolitica		+	–	+	+	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention Hyperactive bowel sounds Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	–	Bacteremia Reactive arthritis Glomerulonephritis Endocarditis Erythema nodosum Abscess	Yersinia enterocolitica	Stool culture
		Vibrio cholera		+	–	+	–	–	–	+	–		+	–	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	Azotemia	Severe dehydration Decreased skin turgor Oliguria Renal failure Muscle cramps Seizure Somnolence	Cholera toxin	Stool culture
		Aeromonas		+	+	+	+	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention Hyperactive bowel sounds Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	–	Wound infection Bacteremia Hemolytic uremic syndrome Meningitis Ocular infection Pneumonia Urinary tract infection Osteomyelitis Peritonitis Acute cholecystitis Opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients	Aeromonas virulence factors including endotoxins, hemolysins, enterotoxins, and adherence factors	Blood culture Wound culture
		Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Plesiomonas		+	–	+	+	–	+	+	–	Hyperactive bowel sounds Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	–	Opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients or hepatobiliary disease Bacteremia Cellulitis and skin abscesses Peritonitis Meningoencephalitis Ocular infection Pneumonia Prosthetic joint infection Septic abortion	Plesiomonas shigelloides	Blood culture
		Mycobacterium avium complex		+	+	+	+	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention Hepatosplenomegaly	+	+	–	Nl	–	↓	↓	Nl	Elevated liver enzymes	Opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients Pulmonary infection Adenopathy Night sweats	Mycobacterium avium complex	Blood culture
		Food poisoning Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus cereus Clostridium perfringens		+	–	+	±	–	+	+	±	Abdominal distention	+	±	–	Nl	Positive stool culture	↑	Nl	Nl	–	History of travel or ingestion of infected food	Enterotoxins	Stool culture
	Virus	Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Norovirus		+	–	+	–	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention	–	–	–	Nl	Positive stool reverse–transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR)	↓	Nl	Nl	–	Myalgia Headache Seizure Encephalopathy	Norovirus	Clinical diagnosis
		Rotavirus		+	–	+	–	–	+	–	–	Hyperactive bowel sounds Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	–	–	Nl	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Elevated blood urea nitrogen Hyperchloremic acidosis Hypocalcemia	Necrotizing enterocolitis Intussusception Biliary atresia Central nervous system involvement	Rotavirus	Stool immune–based assays
		Echovirus		+	–	+	–	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention	–	–	–	Nl	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	–	Liver failure Myocarditis	Echovirus	Clinical diagnosis
		Adenovirus		+	–	+	–	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention	–	–	–	Nl	Viral antigen assay	Nl	Nl	Nl	–	Respiratory disease Follicular conjunctivitis Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis Hepatitis Urethritis Myocarditis Meningitis Bacteremia	Adenovirus	Clinical diagnosis
		CMV colitis		+	+	–	+	–	±	+	–	Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Viral antigen assay	↓	Nl	Nl	Decreased CD4 level Abnormal liver function test	Encephalitis Guillain–Barré syndrome Pneumonia Retinitis Pericarditis and myocarditis Atherosclerosis Venous thrombosis	Cytomegalovirus	Quantitative PCR tests
		HIV		–	+	+	–	–	+	+	+	Abdominal distention Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	–	–	Nl	–	↓	↓	Nl	Decreased CD4 level Electrolyte imbalance	Lymphadenopathy Disseminated infection	HIV	HIV virologic (viral load) test Immunoassay
	Parasite	Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Entamoeba histolytica		+	+	+	+	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	+	Nl	–	↑	Nl	Nl	–	Liver abscess Pleuropulmonary infection Cardiac infection Brain abscess Cutaneous infection	Entamoeba histolytica	Antigen testing Serology
		Giardia		–	+	+	–	+	–	+	+	Abdominal distention Diffuse abdominal tenderness	–	–	+	Nl	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	–	Malabsorption Urticaria Depression	Giardia lamblia	Antigen detection assays
		Cryptosporidium		–	+	+	–	–	–	+	+	Abdominal distention Diffuse abdominal tenderness	–	–	+	Nl	Positive stool microscopy	Nl	Nl	Nl	Elevated alkaline phosphatase	Chronic, life–threatening illness in immunocompromised patients	Cryptosporidium	Polymerase chain reaction
		Microsporidia		+	+	+	–	–	+	+	–	Abdominal distention Diffuse abdominal tenderness	–	–	+	Nl	Positive stool microscopy	Nl	Nl	Nl	Decreased CD4 count	Malabsorption Keratitis Seizure Myositis	Microsporidia	Antigen detection assays
		Isospora		+	+	+	–	+	+	+	+	Abdominal distention Diffuse abdominal tenderness	+	+	+	Nl	Positive stool microscopy Positive fecal fat	↑	Nl	Nl	Elevated eosinophils Hypokalemia Increased creatinine	Chronic illness in immunocompromised patients	Isospora	Detecting oocysts in the feces
Tumors		Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Carcinoid tumor		–	+	+	+	–	–	+	+	Abdominal distention	–	+	–	↓	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Elevated urinary 5–hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5–HIAA) level High chromogranin A	Facial flushing Jaundice Edema Valvular heart disease Right–sided heart failure	Well–differentiated neuroendocrine tumor	Blood chromogranin A level
		VIPoma		+	+	+	–	+	–	+	+	Abdominal distention Abdominal RUQ tenderness Nausea Vomiting	–	–	–	↓	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Elevated VIP level Hypokalemia Hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria Low osmotic gap (<50 mOsm/kg)	Rash Facial flushing Dehydration Lethargy Muscle weakness	Primary secretory tumor	Blood VIP levels Followed by imaging
		Zollinger–Ellison syndrome		–	+	+	+	+	–	+	+	Epigastric tenderness	–	–	–	↓	–	Nl	↓	Nl	Positive secretin stimulation test Elevated serum chromogranin A	Jaundice	Gastrin producing tumor mainly in duodenum	Secretin stimulation test
		Somatostatinoma		–	+	+	–	–	–	+	+	Epigastric tenderness	–	–	–	↓	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Elevated fasting plasma somatostatin	Diabetes mellitus Cholelithiasis Jaundice	Neuroendocrine tumors of D–cell origin	Plasma somatostatin level Followed by imaging
		Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Lymphoma		–	+	+	+	–	+	+	+	Diffuse abdominal tenderness Hepatosplenomegaly	–	+	–	Nl	–	Nl	↓	Nl	Paraproteinemia	Malabsorption Lactose intolerance Ascites	Primary tumor of GI tract	Colonoscopy with biopsy
		Colorectal cancer		–	+	+	+	+	–	+	+	Diffuse abdominal tenderness	–	+	–	Nl	–	Nl	↓	Nl	Positive carcinoembryonic antigen	Metastasis	FAP gene HNPCC gene	Colonoscopy and biopsy
Medication/Toxicity		Medications ACE inhibitors Digoxin Cephalosporins Statins Thiazide diuretics Triptans Lactulose Anti retroviral agents Chemotherapeutic agents Antifungals Magnesium		+	+	+	–	±	±	+	+	Abdominal distention Dehydration	–	–	–	↑/↓	–	↑	Nl	Nl	Elevated plasma level of drug	–	Inflammation Pseudomembranous colitis	Clinical evaluation after discontinuation of the drugs
		Factitious diarrhea		+	+	+	–	–	–	+	+	Abdominal distention	–	–	–	↑/↓	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis Hypermagnesemia	Malabsorption Lethargy Generalized weakness Acute renal failure	Medications	Clinical evaluation after discontinuation of the drugs
		Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Heavy metal ingestion		–	+	+	–	–	–	+	+	Abdominal distention	–	–	–	Nl	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Elevated plasma heavy metal level	Headache Numbness Alopecia Vertigo	Heavy metal ingestion	Plasma level of heavy metal
		Organophosphate poisoning		+	+	+	–	–	–	+	–	Salivation Vomiting	–	–	–	Nl	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Reduced RBC acetylcholinesterase Plasma cholinesterase activity	Autonomic dysfunction Motor deficit Sensory deficit Bronchospasm Urination Miosis Bradycardia Lacrimation Sweating Cardiac arrhythmias Acute renal injury	Neurotoxins bind to acetylcholinesterase (AChE)	Clinical diagnosis
		Opium withdrawal		+	+	+	–	–	–	+	–	Hyperactive bowel sounds	–	–	–	Nl	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Azotemia Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis	Dysphoria Restlessness Sweating Rhinorrhea Lacrimation Myalgia Arthralgia	Opium withdrawal	Clinical diagnosis following opium withdrawal
Iatrogenic		Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Short bowel syndrome		+	+	+	–	+	–	–	+	Abdominal distention Abdominal tenderness	–	–	–	Nl	Positive fecal fat	Nl	↓	↑	Hypoalbuminemia High level of acute phase reactant Abnormal liver function tests	Prior intestinal surgery Malabsorption Crohn's disease Malignancy Peripheral edema Muscle atrophy	Surgical bowel resection	Clinical diagnosis following bowel resection
		Radiation enteritis		+	+	+	+	+	–	+	+	Abdominal tenderness	+	+	–	Nl	Positive fecal fat	Nl	↓	Nl	Vitamin B12 deficiency Hypoalbuminemia	Prior history of malignancy and radiation therapy Malabsorption Telangiectasias	Radiation	Segmental bowel inflammation on endoscopy or colonoscopy
		Dumping syndrome		–	+	+	–	+	–	–	+	Hyperactive bowel sound	–	–	–	Nl	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Hypoglycemia Hydrogen breath test	Malnutrition Fat soluble vitamin deficiency	Postgastrectomy	Clinical diagnosis following gastrectomy
Others		Cause		Duration		Diarrhea			Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	Stool exam					CBC			Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Cause		Acute	Chronic	Watery	Bloody	Fatty	Fever	Abdominal pain	Weight loss	GI signs	WBC	RBC	Ova/Parasite	Osmotic gap	Other	WBC	Hgb	Plt	Other lab findings	Extra intestinal findings	Cause/Pathogenesis	Gold standard diagnosis
		Abetalipoproteinemia		–	+	+	–	+	–	+	+	Abdominal distension	–	–	–	Nl	–	Nl	Nl	Nl	Low triglyceride Low total cholesterol levels Acanthocytes Low vitamin E levels	Ataxia Visual field defect Dysarthria	Autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations encoding the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP)	Clinical findings and low triglyceride and cholesterol level
		Hyperthyroidism		–	+	+	–	–	±	+	+	–	–	–	–	Nl	Positive fecal fat	Nl	Nl	Nl	Elevated T4 Elevated T3 Decreased TSH High serum alkaline phosphatase	Lump in the neck Lid lag Malabsorption Sweating Hyperpigmentation Proptosis Tremor Increased DTR	Graves' disease Hashimoto's thyroiditis Toxic adenoma	TSH
		Diabetic neuropathy		–	+	+	–	+	–	+	+	Fecal incontinence	–	–	–	Nl	Positive fecal fat	Nl	↓	Nl	Hyperglycemia Azotemia Hypokalemia	Malabsorption	Unclear Disordered motility Increased intestinal secretion Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth	Clinical diagnosis in a patient with long lasting diabetes mellitus
		Systemic sclerosis		–	+	+	±	+	–	+	+	Epigastric tenderness Fecal incontinence	–	+	–	Nl	Positive fecal fat	Nl	↓	Nl	Anti–topoisomerase I (Scl‑70) antibodies Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) Anti–centromere antibodies Anti–RNA polymerase III antibody	Malabsorption Skin changes Raynaud phenomenon Pulmonary hypertension Arthritis Telangiectasia Chronic renal failure	Autoimmune reaction	Clinical diagnosis Followed by serologic tests

Related Chapters

References

↑ Casburn-Jones, Anna C; Farthing, Michael Jg (2004). "Traveler's diarrhea". Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 19 (6): 610–618. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2003.03287.x. ISSN 0815-9319.
↑ Kamat, Deepak; Mathur, Ambika (2006). "Prevention and Management of Travelers' Diarrhea". Disease-a-Month. 52 (7): 289–302. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2006.08.003. ISSN 0011-5029.
↑ Pfeiffer, Margaret L.; DuPont, Herbert L.; Ochoa, Theresa J. (2012). "The patient presenting with acute dysentery – A systematic review". Journal of Infection. 64 (4): 374–386. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2012.01.006. ISSN 0163-4453.
↑ Barr W, Smith A (2014). "Acute diarrhea". Am Fam Physician. 89 (3): 180–9. PMID 24506120.
↑ Amil Dias J (2017). "Celiac Disease: What Do We Know in 2017?". GE Port J Gastroenterol. 24 (6): 275–278. doi:10.1159/000479881. PMID 29255768.
↑ Kotloff KL, Riddle MS, Platts-Mills JA, Pavlinac P, Zaidi A (2017). "Shigellosis". Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33296-8. PMID 29254859. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
↑ Yamamoto-Furusho, J.K.; Bosques-Padilla, F.; de-Paula, J.; Galiano, M.T.; Ibañez, P.; Juliao, F.; Kotze, P.G.; Rocha, J.L.; Steinwurz, F.; Veitia, G.; Zaltman, C. (2017). "Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: Primer Consenso Latinoamericano de la Pan American Crohn's and Colitis Organisation". Revista de Gastroenterología de México. 82 (1): 46–84. doi:10.1016/j.rgmx.2016.07.003. ISSN 0375-0906.
↑ Borbély, Yves M; Osterwalder, Alice; Kröll, Dino; Nett, Philipp C; Inglin, Roman A (2017). "Diarrhea after bariatric procedures: Diagnosis and therapy". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 23 (26): 4689. doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i26.4689. ISSN 1007-9327.
↑ Crawford, Sue E.; Ramani, Sasirekha; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Parashar, Umesh D.; Svensson, Lennart; Hagbom, Marie; Franco, Manuel A.; Greenberg, Harry B.; O'Ryan, Miguel; Kang, Gagandeep; Desselberger, Ulrich; Estes, Mary K. (2017). "Rotavirus infection". Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 3: 17083. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.83. ISSN 2056-676X.
↑ Kist M (2000). "[Chronic diarrhea: value of microbiology in diagnosis]". Praxis (Bern 1994) (in German). 89 (39): 1559–65. PMID 11068510.
↑ Guerrant RL, Shields DS, Thorson SM, Schorling JB, Gröschel DH (1985). "Evaluation and diagnosis of acute infectious diarrhea". Am. J. Med. 78 (6B): 91–8. PMID 4014291.
↑ López-Vélez R, Turrientes MC, Garrón C, Montilla P, Navajas R, Fenoy S, del Aguila C (1999). "Microsporidiosis in travelers with diarrhea from the tropics". J Travel Med. 6 (4): 223–7. PMID 10575169.
↑ Wahnschaffe, Ulrich; Ignatius, Ralf; Loddenkemper, Christoph; Liesenfeld, Oliver; Muehlen, Marion; Jelinek, Thomas; Burchard, Gerd Dieter; Weinke, Thomas; Harms, Gundel; Stein, Harald; Zeitz, Martin; Ullrich, Reiner; Schneider, Thomas (2009). "Diagnostic value of endoscopy for the diagnosis of giardiasis and other intestinal diseases in patients with persistent diarrhea from tropical or subtropical areas". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 42 (3): 391–396. doi:10.1080/00365520600881193. ISSN 0036-5521.
↑ Mena Bares LM, Carmona Asenjo E, García Sánchez MV, Moreno Ortega E, Maza Muret FR, Guiote Moreno MV, Santos Bueno AM, Iglesias Flores E, Benítez Cantero JM, Vallejo Casas JA (2017). "75SeHCAT scan in bile acid malabsorption in chronic diarrhoea". Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 36 (1): 37–47. doi:10.1016/j.remn.2016.08.005. PMID 27765536.
↑ Gibson RJ, Stringer AM (2009). "Chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea". Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 3 (1): 31–5. doi:10.1097/SPC.0b013e32832531bb. PMID 19365159.
↑ Abraham BP, Sellin JH (2012). "Drug-induced, factitious, & idiopathic diarrhoea". Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 26 (5): 633–48. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2012.11.007. PMID 23384808.
↑ Reintam Blaser A, Deane AM, Fruhwald S (2015). "Diarrhoea in the critically ill". Curr Opin Crit Care. 21 (2): 142–53. doi:10.1097/MCC.0000000000000188. PMID 25692805.
↑ McMahan ZH, DuPont HL (2007). "Review article: the history of acute infectious diarrhoea management--from poorly focused empiricism to fluid therapy and modern pharmacotherapy". Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 25 (7): 759–69. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03261.x. PMID 17373914.
↑ Schiller LR (2012). "Definitions, pathophysiology, and evaluation of chronic diarrhoea". Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 26 (5): 551–62. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2012.11.011. PMID 23384801.
↑ Giannella RA (1986). "Chronic diarrhea in travelers: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations". Rev. Infect. Dis. 8 Suppl 2: S223–6. PMID 3523719.
↑ Silverberg MS, Satsangi J, Ahmad T, Arnott ID, Bernstein CN, Brant SR; et al. (2005). "Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology". Can J Gastroenterol. 19 Suppl A: 5A–36A. PMID 16151544.
↑ Sauter GH, Moussavian AC, Meyer G, Steitz HO, Parhofer KG, Jüngst D (2002). "Bowel habits and bile acid malabsorption in the months after cholecystectomy". Am J Gastroenterol. 97 (7): 1732–5. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05779.x. PMID 12135027.
↑ Maiuri L, Raia V, Potter J, Swallow D, Ho MW, Fiocca R; et al. (1991). "Mosaic pattern of lactase expression by villous enterocytes in human adult-type hypolactasia". Gastroenterology. 100 (2): 359–69. PMID 1702075.
↑ RUBIN CE, BRANDBORG LL, PHELPS PC, TAYLOR HC (1960). "Studies of celiac disease. I. The apparent identical and specific nature of the duodenal and proximal jejunal lesion in celiac disease and idiopathic sprue". Gastroenterology. 38: 28–49. PMID 14439871.
↑ Konvolinka CW (1994). "Acute diverticulitis under age forty". Am J Surg. 167 (6): 562–5. PMID 8209928.
↑ Satsangi J, Silverberg MS, Vermeire S, Colombel JF (2006). "The Montreal classification of inflammatory bowel disease: controversies, consensus, and implications". Gut. 55 (6): 749–53. doi:10.1136/gut.2005.082909. PMC 1856208. PMID 16698746.
↑ Haque R, Huston CD, Hughes M, Houpt E, Petri WA (2003). "Amebiasis". N Engl J Med. 348 (16): 1565–73. doi:10.1056/NEJMra022710. PMID 12700377.
↑ Hertzler SR, Savaiano DA (1996). "Colonic adaptation to daily lactose feeding in lactose maldigesters reduces lactose intolerance". Am J Clin Nutr. 64 (2): 232–6. PMID 8694025.
↑ Briet F, Pochart P, Marteau P, Flourie B, Arrigoni E, Rambaud JC (1997). "Improved clinical tolerance to chronic lactose ingestion in subjects with lactose intolerance: a placebo effect?". Gut. 41 (5): 632–5. PMC 1891556. PMID 9414969.
↑ BLACK-SCHAFFER B (1949). "The tinctoral demonstration of a glycoprotein in Whipple's disease". Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 72 (1): 225–7. PMID 15391722.

[Casburn-JonesFarthing2004-1] Casburn-Jones, Anna C; Farthing, Michael Jg (2004). "Traveler's diarrhea". Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 19 (6): 610–618. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2003.03287.x. ISSN 0815-9319.

[KamatMathur2006-2] Kamat, Deepak; Mathur, Ambika (2006). "Prevention and Management of Travelers' Diarrhea". Disease-a-Month. 52 (7): 289–302. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2006.08.003. ISSN 0011-5029.

[PfeifferDuPont2012-3] Pfeiffer, Margaret L.; DuPont, Herbert L.; Ochoa, Theresa J. (2012). "The patient presenting with acute dysentery – A systematic review". Journal of Infection. 64 (4): 374–386. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2012.01.006. ISSN 0163-4453.

[pmid24506120-4] Barr W, Smith A (2014). "Acute diarrhea". Am Fam Physician. 89 (3): 180–9. PMID 24506120.

[pmid29255768-5] Amil Dias J (2017). "Celiac Disease: What Do We Know in 2017?". GE Port J Gastroenterol. 24 (6): 275–278. doi:10.1159/000479881. PMID 29255768.

[pmid29254859-6] Kotloff KL, Riddle MS, Platts-Mills JA, Pavlinac P, Zaidi A (2017). "Shigellosis". Lancet. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33296-8. PMID 29254859. Vancouver style error: initials (help)

[Yamamoto-FurushoBosques-Padilla2017-7] Yamamoto-Furusho, J.K.; Bosques-Padilla, F.; de-Paula, J.; Galiano, M.T.; Ibañez, P.; Juliao, F.; Kotze, P.G.; Rocha, J.L.; Steinwurz, F.; Veitia, G.; Zaltman, C. (2017). "Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: Primer Consenso Latinoamericano de la Pan American Crohn's and Colitis Organisation". Revista de Gastroenterología de México. 82 (1): 46–84. doi:10.1016/j.rgmx.2016.07.003. ISSN 0375-0906.

[BorbélyOsterwalder2017-8] Borbély, Yves M; Osterwalder, Alice; Kröll, Dino; Nett, Philipp C; Inglin, Roman A (2017). "Diarrhea after bariatric procedures: Diagnosis and therapy". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 23 (26): 4689. doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i26.4689. ISSN 1007-9327.

[CrawfordRamani2017-9] Crawford, Sue E.; Ramani, Sasirekha; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Parashar, Umesh D.; Svensson, Lennart; Hagbom, Marie; Franco, Manuel A.; Greenberg, Harry B.; O'Ryan, Miguel; Kang, Gagandeep; Desselberger, Ulrich; Estes, Mary K. (2017). "Rotavirus infection". Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 3: 17083. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.83. ISSN 2056-676X.

[pmid11068510-10] Kist M (2000). "[Chronic diarrhea: value of microbiology in diagnosis]". Praxis (Bern 1994) (in German). 89 (39): 1559–65. PMID 11068510.

[pmid4014291-11] Guerrant RL, Shields DS, Thorson SM, Schorling JB, Gröschel DH (1985). "Evaluation and diagnosis of acute infectious diarrhea". Am. J. Med. 78 (6B): 91–8. PMID 4014291.

[pmid10575169-12] López-Vélez R, Turrientes MC, Garrón C, Montilla P, Navajas R, Fenoy S, del Aguila C (1999). "Microsporidiosis in travelers with diarrhea from the tropics". J Travel Med. 6 (4): 223–7. PMID 10575169.

[WahnschaffeIgnatius2009-13] Wahnschaffe, Ulrich; Ignatius, Ralf; Loddenkemper, Christoph; Liesenfeld, Oliver; Muehlen, Marion; Jelinek, Thomas; Burchard, Gerd Dieter; Weinke, Thomas; Harms, Gundel; Stein, Harald; Zeitz, Martin; Ullrich, Reiner; Schneider, Thomas (2009). "Diagnostic value of endoscopy for the diagnosis of giardiasis and other intestinal diseases in patients with persistent diarrhea from tropical or subtropical areas". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 42 (3): 391–396. doi:10.1080/00365520600881193. ISSN 0036-5521.

[pmid27765536-14] Mena Bares LM, Carmona Asenjo E, García Sánchez MV, Moreno Ortega E, Maza Muret FR, Guiote Moreno MV, Santos Bueno AM, Iglesias Flores E, Benítez Cantero JM, Vallejo Casas JA (2017). "75SeHCAT scan in bile acid malabsorption in chronic diarrhoea". Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 36 (1): 37–47. doi:10.1016/j.remn.2016.08.005. PMID 27765536.

[pmid19365159-15] Gibson RJ, Stringer AM (2009). "Chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea". Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 3 (1): 31–5. doi:10.1097/SPC.0b013e32832531bb. PMID 19365159.

[pmid23384808-16] Abraham BP, Sellin JH (2012). "Drug-induced, factitious, & idiopathic diarrhoea". Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 26 (5): 633–48. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2012.11.007. PMID 23384808.

[pmid25692805-17] Reintam Blaser A, Deane AM, Fruhwald S (2015). "Diarrhoea in the critically ill". Curr Opin Crit Care. 21 (2): 142–53. doi:10.1097/MCC.0000000000000188. PMID 25692805.

[pmid17373914-18] McMahan ZH, DuPont HL (2007). "Review article: the history of acute infectious diarrhoea management--from poorly focused empiricism to fluid therapy and modern pharmacotherapy". Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 25 (7): 759–69. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03261.x. PMID 17373914.

[pmid23384801-19] Schiller LR (2012). "Definitions, pathophysiology, and evaluation of chronic diarrhoea". Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 26 (5): 551–62. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2012.11.011. PMID 23384801.

[pmid3523719-20] Giannella RA (1986). "Chronic diarrhea in travelers: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations". Rev. Infect. Dis. 8 Suppl 2: S223–6. PMID 3523719.

[pmid16151544-21] Silverberg MS, Satsangi J, Ahmad T, Arnott ID, Bernstein CN, Brant SR; et al. (2005). "Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology". Can J Gastroenterol. 19 Suppl A: 5A–36A. PMID 16151544.

[pmid12135027-22] Sauter GH, Moussavian AC, Meyer G, Steitz HO, Parhofer KG, Jüngst D (2002). "Bowel habits and bile acid malabsorption in the months after cholecystectomy". Am J Gastroenterol. 97 (7): 1732–5. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05779.x. PMID 12135027.

[pmid1702075-23] Maiuri L, Raia V, Potter J, Swallow D, Ho MW, Fiocca R; et al. (1991). "Mosaic pattern of lactase expression by villous enterocytes in human adult-type hypolactasia". Gastroenterology. 100 (2): 359–69. PMID 1702075.

[pmid14439871-24] RUBIN CE, BRANDBORG LL, PHELPS PC, TAYLOR HC (1960). "Studies of celiac disease. I. The apparent identical and specific nature of the duodenal and proximal jejunal lesion in celiac disease and idiopathic sprue". Gastroenterology. 38: 28–49. PMID 14439871.

[pmid8209928-25] Konvolinka CW (1994). "Acute diverticulitis under age forty". Am J Surg. 167 (6): 562–5. PMID 8209928.

[pmid16698746-26] Satsangi J, Silverberg MS, Vermeire S, Colombel JF (2006). "The Montreal classification of inflammatory bowel disease: controversies, consensus, and implications". Gut. 55 (6): 749–53. doi:10.1136/gut.2005.082909. PMC 1856208. PMID 16698746.

[pmid12700377-27] Haque R, Huston CD, Hughes M, Houpt E, Petri WA (2003). "Amebiasis". N Engl J Med. 348 (16): 1565–73. doi:10.1056/NEJMra022710. PMID 12700377.

[pmid8694025-28] Hertzler SR, Savaiano DA (1996). "Colonic adaptation to daily lactose feeding in lactose maldigesters reduces lactose intolerance". Am J Clin Nutr. 64 (2): 232–6. PMID 8694025.

[pmid9414969-29] Briet F, Pochart P, Marteau P, Flourie B, Arrigoni E, Rambaud JC (1997). "Improved clinical tolerance to chronic lactose ingestion in subjects with lactose intolerance: a placebo effect?". Gut. 41 (5): 632–5. PMC 1891556. PMID 9414969.

[pmid15391722-30] BLACK-SCHAFFER B (1949). "The tinctoral demonstration of a glycoprotein in Whipple's disease". Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 72 (1): 225–7. PMID 15391722.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Infobox_Disease |
+__NOTOC__
-  Name           = {{PAGENAME}} |
+{| class="infobox" style="float:right;"
-  Image          = |
+|-
-  Caption        = |
+| [[File:Siren.gif|30px|link=Diarrhea resident survival guide]]|| <br> || <br>
-  DiseasesDB     = 3742 |
+| [[Diarrhea resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']]
-  ICD10          = {{ICD10|A|09||a|00}}, {{ICD10|K|59|1|k|55}} |
+|}
-  ICD9           = {{ICD9|787.91}} |
+{{Diarrhea}}
-  ICDO           = |
+{{CMG}} ; {{AE}} {{USAMA}}, {{SSH}}, {{SMP}}, {{CZ}}, {{MUT}}
-  OMIM           = |
-  MedlinePlus    = |
+{{SK}} Loose stools
-  eMedicineSubj  = ped |
-  eMedicineTopic = 583 |
+==Overview==
-  MeshID         = D003967 |
+Diarrhea is defined as the passage of unformed or abnormally liquid stools at an increased [[frequency]]. Diarrhea can be classified as acute or chronic. [[Acute Diarrhea|Acute diarrhea]] has a duration of less than 2 weeks and may be classified on the basis of etiology and presentation. On the basis of etiology, acute diarrhea may be classified into [[infectious]] and non-infectious subtypes. Subacute diarrhea is defined as a diarrhea lasting for two to four weeks. Although [[chronic diarrhea]] has multiple definitions, a current working definition is the production of loose stools for longer than 4 weeks. Frequent defecation with normal consistency is termed psuedo-diarrhea. There are 3 basic categories of chronic diarrhea: watery, fatty (malabsorption), and inflammatory (with blood and pus). The diagnosis is based on duration of symptoms, signs, microscopic [[stool examination]] and culture, stool osmolarity, and in some rare instances [[colonoscopy]]. The treatment is mainly based on severity of symptoms, etiology and availability of medications. Prevention is based on proper maintaining the filtration systems at water plants, hand wash, and effectively use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers. [[Vaccination]] for some viruses, such as Rotavirus is a part of preventive measures.
-}}
-{{SI}}
+==Classification==
-{{CMG}}
+Diarrhea can be classified as acute or chronic depending on the duration of onset of symptoms. Acute and chronic diarrhea can be further classified as follows:
+=== Classification of Acute Diarrhea ===
+<br>
+{| align=center
+|-
+|
+{{Family tree/start}}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | |A01= Acute diarrhea}}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | }}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | C01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | C02 | | | |C01=Infectious |C02=Non-Infectious}}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |}}
+{{Family tree | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|.| }}
+{{Family tree | | | C01 | | C02 | | | | | C03 | | C04 | | | | | | C05 | | | C06 | | | C07 | | | |C01=[[Bacterial]]|C02=[[Viral]]|C03=[[Fungal]]|C04=[[Protozoa]]|C05=[[Medications]]|C06=[[Poisoning]]|C07=[[Systemic illness]]}}
+{{Family tree/end}}
+|}
+=== Classification of Chronic Diarrhea ===
+<br>
+{| align=center
+|-
+|
+{{Family tree/start}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | | | | |A01= Chronic diarrhea}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | |}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | C01 | | | | | | | | C02 | | |C01= Watery |C02=Inflammatory}}
+{{family tree| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
+{{family tree| | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | | }}
+{{family tree| | | | C01 | | | | | | | | C02 | | | | | | | |C01= Secretory| C02= Osmotic}}
+{{Family tree/end}}
+|}
+==Differential Diagnosis of Diarrhea of other diseases==
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of diarrhea, click [[Diarrhea#Differential Diagnosis of Diarrhea of other diseases|here]].'''''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea, click [[Acute diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea, click [[Chronic diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of traveler's diarrhea, click [[Traveler's diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute watery diarrhea, click [[Acute watery diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute bloody diarrhea, click [[Acute bloody diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute fatty diarrhea, click [[Acute fatty diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic watery diarrhea, click [[Chronic watery diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic bloody diarrhea, click [[Chronic bloody diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic fatty diarrhea, click [[Chronic fatty diarrhea differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea and fever, click [[Acute diarrhea and fever differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea and fever, click [[Chronic diarrhea and fever differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea and abdominal pain, click [[Acute diarrhea and abdominal pain differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain, click [[Chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea and weight loss, click [[Acute diarrhea and weight loss differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea and weight loss, click [[Chronic diarrhea and weight loss differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain, click [[Acute diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
-'''Associate Editor in Chief:''' {{CZ}}
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain, click [[Chronic diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
-{{EH}}
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss, click [[Acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
-[[Diarrhea]] (in [[American English]]) or '''diarrhoea''' (in [[British English]]) is a condition in which the sufferer has frequent watery, loose bowel movements.
+'''''To review the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss, click [[Chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss differential diagnosis|here]].'''''
-Many things can cause [[diarrhea]], which can make diagnosis complex. Acute diarrhea is usually related to a bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection. Chronic diarrhea is usually related to functional disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease.
+===Diarrhea===
+'''The following table outlines the major differential diagnoses of diarrhea.'''<ref name="Casburn-JonesFarthing2004">{{cite journal|last1=Casburn-Jones|first1=Anna C|last2=Farthing|first2=Michael Jg|title=Traveler's diarrhea|journal=Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology|volume=19|issue=6|year=2004|pages=610–618|issn=0815-9319|doi=10.1111/j.1440-1746.2003.03287.x}}</ref><ref name="KamatMathur2006">{{cite journal|last1=Kamat|first1=Deepak|last2=Mathur|first2=Ambika|title=Prevention and Management of Travelers’ Diarrhea|journal=Disease-a-Month|volume=52|issue=7|year=2006|pages=289–302|issn=00115029|doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2006.08.003}}</ref><ref name="PfeifferDuPont2012">{{cite journal|last1=Pfeiffer|first1=Margaret L.|last2=DuPont|first2=Herbert L.|last3=Ochoa|first3=Theresa J.|title=The patient presenting with acute dysentery – A systematic review|journal=Journal of Infection|volume=64|issue=4|year=2012|pages=374–386|issn=01634453|doi=10.1016/j.jinf.2012.01.006}}</ref><ref name="pmid24506120">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barr W, Smith A |title=Acute diarrhea |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=180–9 |year=2014 |pmid=24506120 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29255768">{{cite journal |vauthors=Amil Dias J |title=Celiac Disease: What Do We Know in 2017? |journal=GE Port J Gastroenterol |volume=24 |issue=6 |pages=275–278 |year=2017 |pmid=29255768 |doi=10.1159/000479881 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29254859">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kotloff KL, Riddle MS, Platts-Mills JA, Pavlinac P, Zaidi AKM |title=Shigellosis |journal=Lancet |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2017 |pmid=29254859 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33296-8 |url=}}</ref><ref name="Yamamoto-FurushoBosques-Padilla2017">{{cite journal|last1=Yamamoto-Furusho|first1=J.K.|last2=Bosques-Padilla|first2=F.|last3=de-Paula|first3=J.|last4=Galiano|first4=M.T.|last5=Ibañez|first5=P.|last6=Juliao|first6=F.|last7=Kotze|first7=P.G.|last8=Rocha|first8=J.L.|last9=Steinwurz|first9=F.|last10=Veitia|first10=G.|last11=Zaltman|first11=C.|title=Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: Primer Consenso Latinoamericano de la Pan American Crohn's and Colitis Organisation|journal=Revista de Gastroenterología de México|volume=82|issue=1|year=2017|pages=46–84|issn=03750906|doi=10.1016/j.rgmx.2016.07.003}}</ref><ref name="BorbélyOsterwalder2017">{{cite journal|last1=Borbély|first1=Yves M|last2=Osterwalder|first2=Alice|last3=Kröll|first3=Dino|last4=Nett|first4=Philipp C|last5=Inglin|first5=Roman A|title=Diarrhea after bariatric procedures: Diagnosis and therapy|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=23|issue=26|year=2017|pages=4689|issn=1007-9327|doi=10.3748/wjg.v23.i26.4689}}</ref><ref name="CrawfordRamani2017">{{cite journal|last1=Crawford|first1=Sue E.|last2=Ramani|first2=Sasirekha|last3=Tate|first3=Jacqueline E.|last4=Parashar|first4=Umesh D.|last5=Svensson|first5=Lennart|last6=Hagbom|first6=Marie|last7=Franco|first7=Manuel A.|last8=Greenberg|first8=Harry B.|last9=O'Ryan|first9=Miguel|last10=Kang|first10=Gagandeep|last11=Desselberger|first11=Ulrich|last12=Estes|first12=Mary K.|title=Rotavirus infection|journal=Nature Reviews Disease Primers|volume=3|year=2017|pages=17083|issn=2056-676X|doi=10.1038/nrdp.2017.83}}</ref><ref name="pmid11068510">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kist M |title=[Chronic diarrhea: value of microbiology in diagnosis] |language=German |journal=Praxis (Bern 1994) |volume=89 |issue=39 |pages=1559–65 |year=2000 |pmid=11068510 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4014291">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guerrant RL, Shields DS, Thorson SM, Schorling JB, Gröschel DH |title=Evaluation and diagnosis of acute infectious diarrhea |journal=Am. 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Med. |volume=78 |issue=6B |pages=91–8 |year=1985 |pmid=4014291 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10575169">{{cite journal |vauthors=López-Vélez R, Turrientes MC, Garrón C, Montilla P, Navajas R, Fenoy S, del Aguila C |title=Microsporidiosis in travelers with diarrhea from the tropics |journal=J Travel Med |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=223–7 |year=1999 |pmid=10575169 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="WahnschaffeIgnatius2009">{{cite journal|last1=Wahnschaffe|first1=Ulrich|last2=Ignatius|first2=Ralf|last3=Loddenkemper|first3=Christoph|last4=Liesenfeld|first4=Oliver|last5=Muehlen|first5=Marion|last6=Jelinek|first6=Thomas|last7=Burchard|first7=Gerd Dieter|last8=Weinke|first8=Thomas|last9=Harms|first9=Gundel|last10=Stein|first10=Harald|last11=Zeitz|first11=Martin|last12=Ullrich|first12=Reiner|last13=Schneider|first13=Thomas|title=Diagnostic value of endoscopy for the diagnosis of giardiasis and other intestinal diseases in patients with persistent diarrhea from tropical or subtropical areas|journal=Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=42|issue=3|year=2009|pages=391–396|issn=0036-5521|doi=10.1080/00365520600881193}}</ref><ref name="pmid27765536">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mena Bares LM, Carmona Asenjo E, García Sánchez MV, Moreno Ortega E, Maza Muret FR, Guiote Moreno MV, Santos Bueno AM, Iglesias Flores E, Benítez Cantero JM, Vallejo Casas JA |title=75SeHCAT scan in bile acid malabsorption in chronic diarrhoea |journal=Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=37–47 |year=2017 |pmid=27765536 |doi=10.1016/j.remn.2016.08.005 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19365159">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gibson RJ, Stringer AM |title=Chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea |journal=Curr Opin Support Palliat Care |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=31–5 |year=2009 |pmid=19365159 |doi=10.1097/SPC.0b013e32832531bb |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23384808">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abraham BP, Sellin JH |title=Drug-induced, factitious, & idiopathic diarrhoea |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=633–48 |year=2012 |pmid=23384808 |doi=10.1016/j.bpg.2012.11.007 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25692805">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reintam Blaser A, Deane AM, Fruhwald S |title=Diarrhoea in the critically ill |journal=Curr Opin Crit Care |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=142–53 |year=2015 |pmid=25692805 |doi=10.1097/MCC.0000000000000188 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17373914">{{cite journal |vauthors=McMahan ZH, DuPont HL |title=Review article: the history of acute infectious diarrhoea management--from poorly focused empiricism to fluid therapy and modern pharmacotherapy |journal=Aliment. 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-* Bacterial infections. Several types of bacteria consumed through contaminated food or water can cause diarrhea. Common culprits include Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia coli (E. coli).
+<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:''' '''GI:''' [[Gastrointestinal tract|Gastrointestinal]], '''CBC''': [[Complete blood count]], '''WBC:''' [[White blood cells|White blood cell]], '''RBC''': [[Red blood cell]], '''Plt:''' [[Platelet]], '''Hgb:''' [[Hemoglobin]], '''ESR''': [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], '''CRP''': [[C-reactive protein|C–reactive protein]], '''IgE:''' [[Immunoglobulin E]], '''IgA:''' [[Immunoglobulin A]], '''ETEC:''' [[Escherichia coli enteritis]], '''EPEC''': [[Escherichia coli|Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli]], '''EIEC''': [[Escherichia coli enteritis|Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli]], '''EHEC''': [[Escherichia coli|Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli]], '''EAEC''': [[Escherichia coli enteritis|Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli]], '''Nl''': Normal, '''ASCA''': [[Anti saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies]], '''ANCA''': [[Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody|Anti–neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody]], '''DNA''': [[DNA|Deoxyribonucleic acid]], '''CFTR''': [[Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator]], '''SLC10A2''': [[SLC10A2|Solute carrier family 10 member 2]], '''SeHCAT''': [[SeHCAT|Selenium homocholic acid taurine or tauroselcholic acid]], '''IEL''': Intraepithelial [[Lymphocyte|lymphocytes]], '''MRCP''': [[Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography]], '''ANA''': [[Antinuclear antibodies]], '''AMA''': [[Anti-mitochondrial antibody]], '''LDH''': [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], '''CPK''': [[Creatine phosphokinase]], '''PCR''': [[Polymerase chain reaction]], '''ELISA''': [[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|Enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay]], '''LT''': Heat–labile [[enterotoxin]], ST: Heat–stable [[enterotoxin]], '''RT-PCR''': Reverse–transcriptase [[polymerase chain reaction]], '''CD4:''' [[CD4|Cluster of differentiation 4]], '''HIV''': [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|Human immunodeficiency virus]], '''RUQ''': [[RUQ|Right-upper quadrant]], '''VIP''': [[Vasoactive intestinal peptide]], '''GI:''' [[Gastrointestinal tract|Gastrointestinal]], '''FAP''': [[Familial adenomatous polyposis]], '''HNPCC''': [[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer]], '''MTP''': [[Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein]], '''Scl‑70''': Anti–[[Type I topoisomerase|topoisomerase I]], '''TSH''': [[Thyroid-stimulating hormone]], '''T4''': [[Thyroxine]], '''T3''': [[Triiodothyronine]], '''DTR''': [[Deep tendon reflex]], '''RNA''': [[RNA|Ribonucleic acid]]</span>
-* Viral infections. Many viruses cause diarrhea, including rotavirus, Norwalk virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and viral hepatitis.
-* Food intolerances. Some people are unable to digest food components such as artificial sweeteners and lactose—the sugar found in milk.
-* Parasites. Parasites can enter the body through food or water and settle in the digestive system. Parasites that cause diarrhea include Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium.
-* Reaction to medicines. Antibiotics, blood pressure medications, cancer drugs, and antacids containing magnesium can all cause diarrhea.
-* Intestinal diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, Crohn’s disease, and celiac disease often lead to diarrhea.
-* Functional bowel disorders. Diarrhea can be a symptom of irritable bowel syndrome.
-==The Complete List of Causes of Diarrhea==
+{| class="wikitable" style="border: 0px; font-size: 100%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
-{{refbegin|2}}
+! colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Categories
-* [[Abdominal abscess]]
+! colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-* [[Abdominal cancer]]
+| colspan="9" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Clinical manifestation'''
-* [[Achlorhydria]]
+! colspan="9" rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Lab findings'''
-* [[Acquired angioedema]]
+! rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
-* [[Acquired angioedema, type 1]]
+! rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
-* [[Acquired angioedema, type 2]]
+! rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
-* [[Acrodermatitis enteropathica]]
+|-
-* [[Acrodynia]]
+! colspan="8" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Symptoms
-* [[Acute appendicitis]]
+! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
-* [[Acute gastritis]]
+|-
-* [[Acute kidney failure]]
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
-* [[Acute tin poisoning]]
+! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-* [[Acute zinc toxicity]]
+! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
-* [[Addison's disease]]
+! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
-* [[Adenophorea Infections]]
+! rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-* [[Adenoviridae Infections]]
+|-
-* [[Adenovirus infection in immunocompromised patients]]
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
-* [[Adenoviruses]]
+| colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''CBC'''
-* [[Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital type 3]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
-* [[Adverse reaction]]
+|-
-* [[AIDS]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-* [[AIDS-Related Complex]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-* [[Alcohol withdrawal]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
-* [[Alcohol intoxication]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
-* [[Allergic disorders]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
-* [[Allergies]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-* [[Amebiasis]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
+|-
+! colspan="2" rowspan="15" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gastrointestinal
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Crohns disease|Crohn's disease]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
+* Oral [[mucosal]] lesions
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Anti saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies]] (ASCA)
+* [[Vitamin B12]] deficiency
+* Elevated [[erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
+* Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Uveitis]]
+* [[Arthritis]]
+* [[Erythema nodosum]]
+* [[Pyoderma gangrenosum]]
 * [[Amyloidosis]]
-* [[Amyloidosis AL]]
+* Venous and arterial [[thromboembolism]]
-* [[Anaphylaxis]]
+* [[Kidney stone|Renal stones]]
-* [[Ancylostoma duodenale]]
+* [[Bronchiectasis]]
-* [[Anguillulosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Anxiety-tension syndrome]]
+* Abnormal immune response to self [[antigens]]
-* [[Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Arsenic poisoning]]
+* [[Colonoscopy]] with [[biopsy]]
-* [[Ascaris]]
+|-
-* [[Aspartylglycosaminuria]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ulcerative colitis]]
-* [[Astrovirus]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Athabaskan severe combined immunodeficiency]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Attenuated familial polyposis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Autoimmune diseases]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Autoimmune enteropathy]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Baber's syndrome]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-* [[Bacterial digestive infections]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Bacterial toxic-shock syndrome]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Bacterial toxins]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Banti's syndrome]]
+* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
-* [[Bartter's syndrome, antenatal type 1]]
+* [[Blood]] on [[rectal examination]]
-* [[Bartters syndrome, antenatal , type 2]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Behcet's disease]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Biliary atresia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Biliary tract cancer]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-* [[Biotinidase deficiency]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Blastocystis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-* [[Blastocystis hominis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-* [[Blind loop syndrome]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-* [[Boron overuse]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Botulism food poisoning]]
+* [[Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody|Anti–neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody]] ([[P-ANCA|P–ANCA]])
-* [[Bowel conditions]]
+* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
-* [[Brainerd diarrhea]]
+* [[Hypokalemia]]
-* [[Brennemann's syndrome]]
+* [[Hypomagnesemia]]
-* [[Brown-Symmers disease]]
+* Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
-* [[Campylobacter]]
+* Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
-* [[Candida]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Carbamate insecticide poisoning]]
+* [[Skin rash]]
-* [[Carcinoid syndrome]]
+* [[Iritis]]
-* [[Carnitine overuse]]
+* [[Uveitis]]
-* [[Celiac disease]]
+* Seronegative [[arthritis]]
-* [[Cephalothoracic progressive lipodystrophy]]
+* [[Clubbing]]
-* [[Chemical pneumonia]]
+* [[Erythema nodosum]]
-* [[Chromosome 16q, partial deletion]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
+* Abnormal immune response to self [[antigens]]
-* [[Chronic granulomatous disease]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Chronic myeloproliferative disorders]]
+* [[Colonoscopy]] with [[biopsy]]
-* [[Chronic vitamin A toxicity]]
+|-
-* [[Ciguatera poisoning]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Celiac disease]]
-* [[Classic galactosemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Clostridium perfringens food poisoning]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Clostridium sordellii]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-* [[Colchicine toxicity]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Colitis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
-* [[Colonic inertia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Colonic malakoplakia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Colorectal cancer]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Colorectal polyps]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Common migraine]]
+* [[Abdominal distention]]
-* [[Common variable immunodeficiency]]
+* Increased [[bowel]] sounds
-* [[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - sodium-wasting form]]
+* Oral [[Mucous membrane|mucosal]] lesions
-* [[Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1B]]
+* [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
-* [[Congenital short bowel]]
+* [[Ascites]]
-* [[Congenital sucrose-isomaltose malabsorption]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Congenital syndromes (chloridorrhea) ]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Congenital toxoplasmosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Copper toxicity]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-* [[Cornelia de Lange syndrome 2]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Cree leukoencephalopathy]]
+* Fat droplets on [[sudan stain]]
-* [[Crohn's disease]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-* [[Cronkhite-Canada disease]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ↓
-* [[Cryptosporidium]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-* [[Cryptosporiosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Cutaneous mastocytosis]]
+* [[IgA]] endomysial [[antibody]]
-* [[Cutaneous photosensitivity colitis, lethal]]
+* Anti–tissue [[transglutaminase]] [[antibody]]
-* [[Cyclic vomiting syndrome]]
+* [[Anti-gliadin antibodies|Anti–gliadin antibody]]
-* [[Cyclospora]]
+* [[Fat soluble vitamins]] deficiency
-* [[Cyclosporine toxicity]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Cysticercosis]]
+* [[Malabsorption]]
-* [[Cytomegalic inclusion body disease]]
+* [[Dementia]]
-* [[Darvocet withdrawal]]
+* [[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]
-* [[Deal-Barratt-Dillon syndrome]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Degos disease]]
+* [[HLA-DQ2|HLA–DQ2]]
-* [[Diabetes insipidus]]
+* [[HLA-DQ8|HLA–DQ8]]
-* [[Diabetic neuropathy]]
+* Innate responses to wheat [[Protein|proteins]]
-* [[Diarrhea - polyendocrinopathy - infections, X-linked]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli]]
+* [[IgA]] endomysial [[antibody]]
-* [[Dibasic aminoaciduria 2]]
+* Anti–tissue [[transglutaminase]] [[antibody]]
-* [[Dientamoeba fragilis]]
+|-
-* [[Diffuse systemic sclerosis]]
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-* [[Digestive diseases]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
-* [[Digestive duplication]]
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
-* [[Digestive system cancer]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
-* [[Dilaudid withdrawal]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
-* [[Dipylidium]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
-* [[Dipylidium caninum infection]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
-* [[Disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium complex]]
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
-* [[Dissociative disorder]]
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
-* [[Distomatosis]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
-* [[Diverticular disease]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
-* [[Dracunculiasis]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
-* [[Dressler syndrome]]
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
-* [[Drugs and poisons]]
+|-
-* [[Ebola]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-* [[Echinococcosis]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-* [[EGE]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
-* [[Egg Hypersensitivity]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
-* [[Ehrlichiosis]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
-* [[End stage liver failure]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-* [[Endometriosis]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
-* [[Entamoeba histolytica]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
-* [[Enteritis]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
-* [[Entero-Aggregative Escherichia coli]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
-* [[Entero-Toxic Escherichia coli]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-* [[Enterocele]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
-* [[Enterocolitis]]
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
-* [[Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Infection]]
+|-
-* [[Enterovirus antenatal infection]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cystic fibrosis]]
-* [[Envenomization by the Martinique lancehead viper]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Eosinophilic enteropathy, pattern II]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Epidemic secretory Brainerd diarrhea]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Erythroderma desquamativa of Leiner]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Escherichia coli ]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Evening Primrose oil ]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
-* [[Familial amyloid polyneuropathy]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Familial polyposis - classical]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Familial polyposis, autosomal recessive]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Familial visceral myopathy]]
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
-* [[Fanconi-ichthyosis-dysmorphism]]
+*[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
-* [[Fascioliasis]]
+*[[Rectal prolapse]]
-* [[Fasciolopsiasis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-* [[Favism]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-* [[Fecal impaction]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Fecal incontinence]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-* [[Fever]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Filariasis]]
+* Fat droplets on [[sudan stain]]
-* [[Flavivirus]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-* [[Fluke infections]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-* [[Folic acid toxicity]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-* [[Food allergies]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Food intolerances]]
+* Positive [[DNA]] analysis for [[CFTR|cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator]] [[CFTR|(CFTR)]]
-* [[Food poisoning]]
+* Nasal transepithelial potential difference
-* [[Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor]]
+* [[Fat soluble vitamins]] deficiency
-* [[Galactosemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Galactosemia I]]
+* [[Malabsorption]]
-* [[Galactosemia III]]
+* Recurrent [[respiratory tract infection]]
-* [[Gardner syndrome]]
+* [[Bronchiectasis]]
-* [[Gastrinoma]]
+* [[Diabetes mellitus]]
-* [[Gastritis]]
+* [[Scoliosis]]
-* [[Gastritis, familial giant hypertrophic]]
+* [[Infertility]]
-* [[Gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Gastroenteritis]]
+* Mutations in the [[cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator]] ([[CFTR]]) protein
-* [[Gastrointestinal amyloidosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Gastrointestinal neoplasm]]
+* Positive [[genetic testing]]
-* [[Giardia lamblia]]
+* Elevated [[Sweat chloride test|sweat chloride]] ≥60 mmol/L
-* [[Ginseng overuse]]
+|-
-* [[Glanders]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
-* [[Glucosamine - adverse effects]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Glucose-galactose malabsorption]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Glutathione Synthetase Deficiency]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Glénard syndrome]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Gnathostoma Infection]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Graft-versus-host disease – acute]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Groin Hernia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Hantavirosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Hantavirus]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Headache-free migraine]]
+* [[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
-* [[Helminth infections]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-* [[Helminthiasis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-* [[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 1]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-* [[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 2]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 3]]
+* Fat droplets on [[sudan stain]]
-* [[Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 4]]
+* Positive [[fecal elastase]] measurement
-* [[Hemorragic fever with renal syndrome]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-* [[Hepatitis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-* [[Hepatitis A]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-* [[Hepatitis B]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Hepatitis C]]
+* Slightly elevated [[amylase]] and [[lipase]]
-* [[Hepatitis D]]
+* Abnormal pancreatic function test
-* [[Hepatitis E]]
+* [[Secretin]] stimulation test
-* [[Hepatitis X]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Hepatorenal tyrosinemia]]
+* [[Malabsorption]]
-* [[Hereditary amyloidosis]]
+* [[Diabetes mellitus]]
-* [[Hereditary angioedema, type 1]]
+* [[Pancreatic pseudocyst]]
-* [[Hereditary angioedema, type 2]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Hereditary angioedema, type 3]]
+* [[Toxin|Toxins]]
-* [[Hereditary pancreatitis]]
+* Recurrent [[acute pancreatitis]]
-* [[Heroin dependence]]
+* [[Genetics|Genetic]] predesposition
-* [[Heroin withdrawal]]
+* [[Autoimmunity|Autoimmune]]
-* [[Heterophyiasis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Hirschsprung's disease]]
+* [[Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography]] ([[Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography|MRCP]])
-* [[HIV/AIDS]]
+|-
-* [[Hookworm, pinworm]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Bile acid malabsorption]]
-* [[Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Human monocytic ehrlichiosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Hydrocodone withdrawal]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Hymenolepiasis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-* [[Hyper IgM syndrome 1]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Hyper IgM syndrome 3]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-* [[Hyper IgM syndrome 4]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-* [[Hyper-IgD syndrome]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Hyper-IgM Syndrome]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
-* [[Hyperimmunoglobinemia D with recurrent fever]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-* [[Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 1]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-* [[Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 2]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Hyperthyroidism]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-* [[Hypoadrenocorticism - hypoparathyroidism – moniliasis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome]]
+*Fat droplets on [[sudan stain]]
-* [[Idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstruction]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-* [[Idiopathic sclerosing mesenteritis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-* [[Immunoglobulinic amyloidosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
-* [[Immunoproliferative diseases]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Inborn amino acid metabolism disorder]]
+*Reduced [[cholesterol]] level
-* [[Incontinence]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
+*[[Malabsorption]]
-* [[Insect parasite conditions]]
+*[[Hypotension]]
-* [[Insect sting allergies]]
+*[[Tachycardia]]
-* [[Intestinal Conditions]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Intestinal Flu]]
+*Genetic defects in ''[[SLC10A2]]''
-* [[Intestinal lymphangiectasis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Intestinal pseudoobstruction chronic idiopathic]]
+* [[SeHCAT]] test
-* [[Intrinsic factor, congenital deficiency]]
+|-
-* [[Invasive group A Streptococcal disease]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Microscopic colitis]]
-* [[Iron poisoning]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Ischemic colitis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Isospora]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Isosporiasis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Isosporosiasis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Juvenile polyposis of infancy]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Katayama fever]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Keratosis palmoplantaris - adenocarcinoma of the colon]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Lactose Intolerance]]
+* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
-* [[Lassa fever]]
+* Fecal [[incontinence]]
-* [[Laxative abuse]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-* [[Legionnaires' disease]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
-* [[Leiner disease]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Leptospirosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-* [[Leukocytoclastic angiitis – systemic]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
-* [[Levy-Yeboa Syndrome]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-* [[Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-* [[Listeriosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-* [[Liver diseases]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Lortab withdrawal]]
+* [[Hypokalemia]]
-* [[Lymphangiectasies and lymphedema Hennekam type]]
+* Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
-* [[Lymphangiectasis]]
+* Positive [[autoantibodies]] include:
-* [[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis]]
+**RF
+**[[ANA]]
+**[[Anti-mitochondrial antibody|AMA]]
+**[[ANCA]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Arthritis]]
+* [[Uveitis]]
+* [[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
+* Pleuro [[pericarditis]]
+* [[Hypothyroidism]]
+* [[Psoriasis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Mucosal]] [[immune responses]] to luminal factors in a genetically predisposed individual
+* Drug–induced
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Colonoscopy]] with [[mucosal]] [[biopsy]] with [[mononuclear]] infiltrates:
+** [[Collagenous colitis]] is characterized by a colonic subepithelial [[collagen]] band >10 micrometers in diameter
+** [[Lymphocytic]] [[colitis]] is characterized by ≥20 intraepithelial [[lymphocytes]] (IEL) per 100 surface epithelial cells
+|-
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
+|-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Infective colitis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*Rebound [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+*Positive fecal calprotectin
+*Positive fecal [[lactoferrin]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
+*Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Arthritis]]
+* [[Uveitis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Salmonella|''Salmonella'']]
+*[[Shigella|''Shigella'']]
+*[[Campylobacter|''Campylobacter'']]
+*''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli 0157:H7]]''
+*[[Clostridium difficile|''Clostridium difficile'']]
+*[[Entamoeba histolytica|''Entamoeba histolytica'']]
+*[[Adenoviridae|''Adenovirus'']]
+*[[Cytomegalovirus|''Cytomegalovirus'']]
+*[[Herpes simplex virus|''Herpes simplex virus'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Stool culture]]
+*[[Blood culture]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ischemic colitis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*Hyperactive then absent [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
+*[[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
+*Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
+*Elevated serum [[Lactic acid|lactate]]
+*Elevated [[lactate dehydrogenase]] ([[Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH]])
+*Elevated [[Creatine kinase|creatine phosphokinase]] ([[Creatine kinase|CPK]])
+*Elevated [[amylase]]
+*[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Henoch-Schönlein purpura|IgA vasculitis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Thrombophilia|Hypercoagulability]]
+*Nonocclusive [[Ischemic colitis|colonic ischemia]]
+*[[Embolism|Embolic]] and [[Thrombosis|thrombotic]] arterial occlusion
+*[[Mesenteric vein thrombosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Abdominal [[Computed tomography|CT scan]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Lactose intolerance]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Abdominal tenderness ]]
+* [[Abdominal distention]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Lactose tolerance test
+* Genetic testing
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Headache]]
+* [[Vertigo]]
+* [[Memory impairment]]
+* [[Lethargy]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Reduction of lactase enzyme activity or inability to produce persistent [[lactase]]
+* Congenital [[lactase deficiency]]
+* Secondary lactose malabsorption
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Small bowel]] [[biopsy]]
+* Lactose breath hydrogen test
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Abdominal tenderness]]
+* [[Abdominal distention]]
+* Normal [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Anxiety]]
+*[[Palpitation]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Unknown
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Diagnosis of exclusion
+|-
+! rowspan="43" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Infection
+! rowspan="28" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bacterial
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
+|-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Whipple's disease]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
+* [[Ascites]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Positive [[fecal fat]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓/↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
+*[[Fat soluble vitamins]] deficiency
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Malabsorption]]
+* [[Ocular motility disorders|Abnormal extraocular movement]]
+* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
+* [[Hyperpigmentation]]
+* [[Uveitis]]
+* [[Endocarditis]]
+* [[Encephalitis]]
+* [[Dementia]]
+* [[Pleural effusion]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Tropheryma whipplei|''Tropheryma whipplei'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Small intestine]] [[biopsy]] for [[Tropheryma whipplei]] testing
+* [[PCR]] testing
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Tropical sprue]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Angular [[stomatitis]]
+* Oral mucosal lesion
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Fat soluble vitamins]] deficiency
+* [[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]
+* [[Folate deficiency]]
+* [[Hypokalemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Myalgia]]
+*[[Neuropathy]]
+*[[Edema]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* ''[[Escherichia coli]]''
+* ''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]''
+* ''[[Enterobacter cloacae]]''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Diagnosis of exclusion
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome|Small bowel bacterial overgrowth]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+*Positive [[fecal fat]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
+* Abnormal [[Hydrogen Breath Test|hydrogen breath test]]
+* [[Lactic acidosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
 * [[Malabsorption]]
-* [[Malaria]]
+* [[Rosacea]]
-* [[Malonic aciduria]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Marburg virus]]
+* Excess bacteria in the [[small intestine]]
-* [[Mastocytosis]]
+* Alterations in [[Intestine|intestinal]] [[anatomy]] or GI motility
-* [[Megaloblastic anemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Melioidosis]]
+* Diagnosis of exclusion
-* [[Meningitis]]
+|-
-* [[Mercury poisoning]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Pseudomembranous enterocolitis]]
-* [[Mesothelioma, adult malignant – peritoneal]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Metabolic disorders]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Metagonimiasis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Methionine malabsorption syndrome]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
-* [[Methotrexate toxicity]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Middle ear infection]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Mixed connective tissue disease]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
-* [[Morphine withdrawal]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Mucoepithelial dysplasia, Witkop type]]
+* Generalized [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
-* [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]]
+* [[Abdominal distention]]
-* [[Mycobacterium avium Complex]]
+* [[Rebound tenderness|Rebound abdominal tenderness]]
-* [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Myiasis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-* [[Ménétrier's disease]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-* [[Neonatal bacterial meningitis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
-* [[Neonatal sepsis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Neoplasia]]
+* [[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|Enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay]] ([[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|ELISA]])
-* [[Neuroblastoma]]
+* [[Polymerase chain reaction]] ([[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]) assay or ''[[Clostridium difficile infection|C. difficile]]'' antigen
-* [[Neuroendocrine tumors]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
-* [[Neurofibromatosis, familial intestinal]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-* [[Nezelof's syndrome]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
-* [[Norwalk gastroenteritis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[Norwalk-like viruses]]
+* Elevated [[Creatinine|serum creatinine]]
-* [[Obal syndrome]]
+* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
-* [[Obstructive Jaundice]]
+* Elevated [[lactic acid]]
-* [[Ogilvie's syndrome]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-* [[OHSS]]
+* [[Dehydration]]
-* [[Omenn syndrome]]
+* [[Acute kidney injury]]
-* [[Opioid withdrawal]]
-* [[Opisthorchiasis]]
-* [[Opium withdrawal]]
-* [[Ovarian Cancer]]
-* [[OxyContin withdrawal]]
-* [[Pancreatic adenoma]]
-* [[Paragonimiasis]]
-* [[Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Syndromes]]
-* [[Peanut allergy]]
-* [[Pellagra]]
-* [[Pelvic abscess]]
-* [[Penicillin allergy]]
-* [[Periodic hyperlysinemia]]
-* [[Pernicious anemia]]
-* [[Phenol sulfotransferase deficiency]]
-* [[Plant poisoning - Angel's trumpet (D. suaveolans)]]
-* [[Plant poisoning - Castor bean (Ricinus communis)]]
-* [[Plant poisoning - daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus)]]
-* [[Plant poisoning - holly (Ilex sp.)]]
-* [[Plant poisoning - Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium)]]
-* [[Plant poisoning - mistletoe (Phoradendron serotinum)]]
-* [[Plant poisoning - pokeweed (Phytolacca Americana)]]
-* [[Plant poisoning - potato (Solanum tuberosum)]]
-* [[Plant poisoning - Rosary pea (Abrus precatorious)]]
-* [[Plant poisoning - Water hemlock (Cicuta sp.)]]
-* [[Poisoning]]
-* [[Pollen allergy]]
-* [[Portal thrombosis]]
-* [[Portal vein thrombosis]]
-* [[Portuguese type amyloidosis]]
-* [[Postoperative Abdominal Wound Dehiscence]]
-* [[Powell-Buist-Stenzel syndrome]]
-* [[Primary agammaglobulinemia]]
-* [[Primary immunodeficiency disorders]]
-* [[Primary tubular proximal acidosis]]
-* [[Protozoal Infection]]
-* [[Protozoan Conditions]]
-* [[Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis]]
-* [[Proximal tubulopathy - diabetes mellitus - cerebellar ataxia]]
-* [[Psyllium - adverse effects]]
-* [[Ptomaine food poisoning]]
-* [[Q fever]]
-* [[Radiation colitis]]
-* [[Radiation sickness]]
-* [[Rambaud-Galian syndrome]]
-* [[Rapid gastric emptying]]
-* [[Rectal cancer]]
-* [[Rectal conditions]]
-* [[Refsum disease, infantile form]]
-* [[Reiter’s syndrome]]
-* [[Rhabditida Infections]]
-* [[Ritter syndrome]]
-* [[Rocky Mountain spotted fever]]
-* [[Rotavirus]]
-* [[Roundworm]]
-* [[Sakamoto disease]]
-* [[Salmonella]]
-* [[Salmonella enteritidis]]
-* [[Salmonella food poisoning]]
-* [[Sarcosporidiosis]]
-* [[SARS]]
-* [[Schistosomiasis]]
-* [[SCID]]
-* [[Sclerosing Mesenteritis]]
-* [[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning]]
-* [[Secernentea Infections]]
-* [[Secretory diarrhea]]
-* [[Selenium – overuse]]
-* [[Serotonin Syndrome]]
-* [[Severe combined immunodeficiency, T- B+ due to JAK3 deficiency]]
-* [[Severe congenital neutropenia]]
-* [[Shigellosis]]
-* [[Short Bowel Syndrome]]
-* [[Sickle cell crisis]]
-* [[Smith disease]]
-* [[Smoking stools syndrome]]
-* [[Spencer disease]]
-* [[Sphingolipidosis]]
-* [[Spira syndrome]]
-* [[Spirurida Infections]]
-* [[Spleen Cancer]]
-* [[Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia - nephrotic syndrome]]
-* [[Sprue]]
-* [[St. Anthony's fire]]
-* [[Stachybotrys chartarum]]
-* [[Staphylococcal food poisoning]]
-* [[Staphylococcal infection]]
-* [[Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome]]
-* [[Staphylococcus aureus food poisoning]]
-* [[Stomach cancer]]
-* [[Stomach Conditions]]
-* [[Streptococcal Infections]]
-* [[Strongyloides]]
-* [[Subacute myelo-optico neuropathy syndrome]]
-* [[Subacute thyroiditis]]
-* [[Substance withdrawal syndrome]]
-* [[Sudden digestive conditions]]
-* [[Tapeworms]]
-* [[Thymus cancer]]
-* [[Thymus disorders]]
-* [[Thyroid cancer, familial medullary]]
-* [[Toxemia]]
-* [[Toxic epidermal necrolysis]]
-* [[Toxic shock syndrome]]
-* [[Toxocara]]
-* [[Toxoplasmosis]]
-* [[Traveler's diarrhea]]
-* [[Trematoda - Intestinal, lung, liver flukes]]
-* [[Trichinosis]]
-* [[Trichuris]]
-* [[Tularemia]]
-* [[Turcot syndrome]]
-* [[Typhoid fever]]
-* [[Ultram withdrawal]]
-* [[Valinemia]]
-* [[Vanadium - adverse effect]]
-* [[Vancomycin resistant enterococcal bacteremia]]
-* [[Vasculitis hypersensitivity]]
-* [[Venezuelan equine encephalitis]]
-* [[Vibrio cholerae]]
-* [[Vibrio Infections]]
-* [[Vibrio mimicus food poisoning]]
-* [[Vibrio parahemolyticus]]
-* [[Vibrio vulnificus]]
-* [[Vibrio vulnificus infection]]
-* [[Vicodin withdrawal]]
-* [[Vipoma]]
-* [[Viral digestive infections]]
-* [[Viral hemorrhagic fever]]
-* [[Viral Hepatitis]]
-* [[Viral meningitis]]
-* [[Visceral myopathy familial external ophthalmoplegia]]
-* [[Visceral neuropathy, familial, autosomal dominant]]
-* [[Vitamin C toxicity]]
-* [[Vitamin D - adverse effects]]
-* [[Von Gierke disease IB]]
-* [[Waldmann disease]]
-* [[Water-skier colon]]
-* [[Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome]]
-* [[Weil's syndrome]]
-* [[West Nile encephalitis]]
-* [[West Nile fever]]
-* [[Western equine encephalitis]]
-* [[Wheat intolerance]]
-* [[Whipple's disease]]
-* [[Whipworm]]
-* [[Whole-body acute irradiation - gastrointestinal syndrome]]
-* [[Whooping cough]]
-* [[Wolman disease]]
-* [[Worm conditions]]
-* [[X-linked agammaglobulinaemia]]
-* [[Yellow fever]]
-* [[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
-* [[Yersinia pseudotuberculosis]]
-* [[Yersiniosis]]
-* [[Yorifuji Okuno syndrome]]
-* [[ZAP70 deficiency]]
-* [[Zinc deficiency]]
-* [[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]
-{{refend}}
-==Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Diarrhea==
+* [[Bacteremia]]
+* [[Reactive arthritis]]
-'''(By organ system)'''
+* [[Necrotizing fasciitis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
-{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
+* [[Clostridium difficile|''Clostridium difficile'']]
-|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
+* Recent [[antibiotics]] use
-|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |
+* Recent [[surgery]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Stool examination|Stool exam]]
+* Pseudomembranes on [[colonoscopy]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
+|-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" | [[Campylobacteriosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Toxic megacolon]]
+*[[Sepsis]]
+*[[Arthritis]]
+*[[Endocarditis]]
+*[[Guillain-Barré syndrome|Guillain–Barré syndrome]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Campylobacter jejuni|''Campylobacter jejuni'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Stool culture]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Salmonellosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Abdominal distention]]
+*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+*[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+*Positive serologic testing
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Hypokalemia]]
+*[[Hypernatremia]]
+*[[Hyponatremia]]
+* [[Hypercalciuria]]
+* [[Hypocitraturia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Post-infectious arthritis|Post–infectious arthritis]]
+* [[Obtundation]]
+* [[Bacteremia]]
+* [[Pericarditis]]
+* [[Pyelonephritis]]
+*[[Brain abscess]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Salmonella|''Salmonella'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Stool culture]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Shigellosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+* [[Abdominal distention]]
+* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
+* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
+*Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]]
+*[[Hyponatremia]]
+* [[Hypoglycemia]]
+* [[Azotemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Headache]]
+* [[Lethargy]]
+* [[Seizures]]
+* [[Delirium]]
+* [[Post-infectious arthritis|Post–infectious arthritis]]
+* [[Myocarditis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Shigella|''Shigella'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Stool culture]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
+|-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
+|-
+! rowspan="5" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Escherichia coli enteritis]]
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[ETEC|'''ETEC''']]
+([[Traveler's diarrhea]])
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Escherichia coli|''Enterotoxigenic escherichia coli'']]
+*[[Enterotoxin|Enterotoxins]]:
+**Heat–labile [[enterotoxin]] (LT)
+**Heat–stable [[enterotoxin]] (ST)
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Stool culture]]
+|-
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EPEC|'''EPEC''']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*''[[Enteropathogenic E. coli]]''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Hybridization probe|DNA probe]] or [[polymerase chain reaction]] ([[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]) of the ''EPEC'' adherence factor
+*[[Stool culture]]
+|-
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EIEC|'''EIEC''']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Escherichia coli enteritis|''Enteroinvasive E. coli'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Hybridization probe|DNA probe]]
+*[[Stool culture]]
+|-
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EHEC|'''EHEC''']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Azotemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|Hemolytic uremic syndrome]] ([[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|HUS]])
+*[[Renal insufficiency|Renal failure]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Enterohemorrhagic escherichica coli|''Enterohemorrhagic E. coli'']]
+*[[Shiga toxin|Shiga toxins]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Stool culture]]
+|-
+| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[EAEC|'''EAEC''']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Chronic infection in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Escherichia coli enteritis|''Enteroaggregative E. coli'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Stool culture]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
+|-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+* [[Abdominal distention]]
+* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
+* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Bacteremia]]
+*[[Reactive arthritis]]
+*[[Glomerulonephritis]]
+*[[Endocarditis]]
+*[[Erythema nodosum]]
+*[[Abscess]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Yersinia enterocolitica|''Yersinia enterocolitica'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Stool culture]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Vibrio cholerae|Vibrio cholera]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Azotemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Severe [[dehydration]]
+*Decreased [[Turgor|skin turgor]]
+*[[Oliguria]]
+*[[Renal insufficiency|Renal failure]]
+*[[Cramp|Muscle cramps]]
+*[[Seizure]]
+*[[Somnolence]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Cholera toxin]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Stool culture]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Aeromonas]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+* [[Abdominal distention]]
+* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
+* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Wound [[infection]]
+*[[Bacteremia]]
+*[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
+*[[Meningitis]]
+*[[Ocular]] infection
+*[[Pneumonia]]
+*[[Urinary tract infection]]
+*[[Osteomyelitis]]
+*[[Peritonitis]]
+*[[Acute cholecystitis]]
+*[[Opportunistic infection|Opportunistic infections]] in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*''[[Aeromonas]]'' virulence factors including [[Endotoxin|endotoxins]], [[Hemolysin|hemolysins]], [[Enterotoxin|enterotoxins]], and adherence factors
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Blood culture]]
+*Wound [[Culture collection|culture]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
+|-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Plesiomonas shigelloides|Plesiomonas]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
+* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Opportunistic infection|Opportunistic infections]] in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients or [[Hepato-biliary diseases|hepatobiliary disease]]
+*[[Bacteremia]]
+*[[Cellulitis]] and [[Skin and soft-tissue infections|skin abscesses]]
+*[[Peritonitis]]
+*[[Meningoencephalitis]]
+*[[Ocular]] [[infection]]
+*[[Pneumonia]]
+*[[Prosthetic devices|Prosthetic]] joint [[infection]]
+*Septic [[Pregnancy termination complications|abortion]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Plesiomonas shigelloides|''Plesiomonas shigelloides'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Blood culture]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Mycobacterium avium complex]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+*[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Elevated [[Liver function tests|liver enzymes]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Opportunistic infection]] in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
+*[[Pulmonary]] [[infection]]
+*[[Lymphadenopathy|Adenopathy]]
+*[[Sleep hyperhidrosis|Night sweats]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Mycobacterium avium complex|''Mycobacterium avium complex'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Blood culture]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Foodborne illness|Food poisoning]]
+* [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
+* [[Bacillus cereus]]
+* [[Clostridium perfringens]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[stool culture]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*History of travel or ingestion of infected food
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Enterotoxin|Enterotoxins]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Stool culture]]
+|-
+! rowspan="8" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Virus
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
+|-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Norovirus]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive stool reverse–transcriptase [[polymerase chain reaction]] (RT–PCR)
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Myalgia]]
+*[[Headache]]
+*[[Seizure]]
+*[[Encephalopathy]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Norovirus|''Norovirus'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Clinical diagnosis
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Rotavirus]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+* Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
+* Diffuse [[abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Elevated [[blood urea nitrogen]]
+*[[Hyperchloremic acidosis]]
+*[[Hypocalcemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]
+*[[Intussusception]]
+*[[Biliary atresia]]
+*[[Central nervous system]] involvement
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Rotavirus|''Rotavirus'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Stool immune–based assays
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Echovirus]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Hepatic failure|Liver failure]]
+*[[Myocarditis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Echovirus|''Echovirus'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Clinical diagnosis
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Adenoviridae|Adenovirus]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Viral antigen assay
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Respiratory disease]]
+*[[Hyperkeratosis|Follicular]] [[conjunctivitis]]
+*Epidemic [[keratoconjunctivitis]]
+*[[Hepatitis]]
+*[[Urethritis]]
+*[[Myocarditis]]
+*[[Meningitis]]
+*[[Bacteremia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Adenoviridae|''Adenovirus'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Clinical diagnosis
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[CMV colitis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Viral antigen assay
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Decreased [[CD4]] level
+*Abnormal [[Liver function tests|liver function test]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Encephalitis]]
+*[[Guillain-Barré syndrome|Guillain–Barré syndrome]]
+*[[Pneumonia]]
+*[[Retinitis]]
+*[[Pericarditis]] and [[myocarditis]]
+*[[Atherosclerosis]]
+*[[Venous thromboembolism|Venous thrombosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Cytomegalovirus|''Cytomegalovirus'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Quantitative polymerase chain reaction|Quantitative PCR]] tests
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|HIV]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Decreased [[CD4]] level
+*[[Electrolyte disturbance|Electrolyte imbalance]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Lymphadenopathy]]
+*Disseminated [[infection]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)|''HIV'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*HIV virologic (viral load) test
+*Immunoassay
+|-
+| rowspan="7" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Parasite
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
+|-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Entamoeba histolytica]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Liver abscess]]
+*Pleuropulmonary infection
+*[[Cardiac]] [[infection]]
+*[[Brain abscess]]
+*[[Skin and soft-tissue infections|Cutaneous infection]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Entamoeba histolytica|''Entamoeba histolytica'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Antigen testing
+*Serology
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Giardia lamblia|Giardia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Malabsorption]]
+*[[Urticaria]]
+*[[Depression]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*''[[Giardia lamblia]]''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Antigen detection assays
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cryptosporidium]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive stool microscopy
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Elevated [[alkaline phosphatase]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Chronic, life–threatening illness in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Cryptosporidium|''Cryptosporidium'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Polymerase chain reaction
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Microsporidia]]
-| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive stool microscopy
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Decreased [[CD4]] count
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Malabsorption]]
+*[[Keratitis]]
+*[[Seizure]]
+*[[Myositis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Microsporidia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Antigen detection assays
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Isospora]]
-| '''Dermatologic'''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive stool microscopy
+*Positive [[fecal fat]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Elevated [[Eosinophil granulocyte|eosinophils]]
+*[[Hypokalemia]]
+*Increased [[creatinine]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Chronic illness in [[Immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] patients
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Isospora|''Isospora'']]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Detecting oocysts in the feces
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" rowspan="10" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Tumors
-| '''Drug Side Effect'''
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[The list of drugs may cause diarrhea]]
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
-|-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
-| '''Endocrine'''
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
-|-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
-| '''Environmental'''
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Carcinoid syndrome|Carcinoid tumor]]
-| '''Gastroenterologic'''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+* [[Abdominal distention]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Elevated urinary [[5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid|5–hydroxyindoleacetic acid]] ([[5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid|5–HIAA]]) level
+*High [[chromogranin A]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Flushing|Facial flushing]]
+*[[Jaundice]]
+*[[Edema]]
+*[[Valvular heart disease]]
+*[[Congestive heart failure|Right–sided heart failure]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Well–differentiated [[Neuroendocrine tumors|neuroendocrine tumor]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Blood [[chromogranin A]]  level
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[VIPoma]]
-| '''Genetic'''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+* [[Abdominal distention]]
+* Abdominal [[RUQ]] [[tenderness]]
+* [[Nausea]]
+* [[Vomiting]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Elevated [[VIP]] level
+*[[Hypokalemia]]
+*[[Hypochlorhydria]] or [[achlorhydria]]
+*Low osmotic gap (<50 mOsm/kg)
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Rash]]
+* [[Facial flushing]]
+* [[Dehydration]]
+* [[Lethargy]]
+* [[Muscle weakness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Primary secretory tumor
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Blood [[VIP]] levels
+* Followed by imaging
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome|Zollinger–Ellison syndrome]]
-| '''Hematologic'''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+** [[Tenderness|Epigastric tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Positive [[secretin]] stimulation test
+* Elevated serum [[chromogranin A]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+** [[Jaundice]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Gastrin]] producing [[tumor]] mainly in [[duodenum]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Secretin]] stimulation test
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Neuroendocrine tumors|Somatostatinoma]]
-| '''Iatrogenic'''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+** [[Tenderness|Epigastric tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Elevated fasting plasma [[somatostatin]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+** [[Diabetes mellitus]]
+** [[Gallstone disease|Cholelithiasis]]
+** [[Jaundice]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Neuroendocrine tumors]] of D–cell origin
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Plasma [[somatostatin]] level
+*Followed by imaging
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-| '''Infectious Disease'''
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Lymphoma]]
-| '''Neurologic'''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
+*[[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Paraproteinemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Malabsorption]]
+* [[Lactose intolerance]]
+* [[Ascites]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Primary [[tumor]] of GI tract
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Colonoscopy]] with [[biopsy]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Colorectal cancer]]
-| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Diffuse [[Tenderness (medicine)|abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Positive [[carcinoembryonic antigen]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Metastasis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[FAP|FAP gene]]
+*[[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer|HNPCC gene]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+** [[Colonoscopy]] and [[biopsy]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" rowspan="7" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Medication/Toxicity
-| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |Medications
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+* [[ACE inhibitor|ACE inhibitors]]
+* [[Digoxin]]
+* [[Cephalosporin|Cephalosporins]]
+* [[Statins]]
+* [[Thiazide|Thiazide diuretics]]
+* [[Triptans]]
+* [[Lactulose]]
+* [[HIV AIDS medical therapy|Anti retroviral agents]]
+* [[Chemotherapy|Chemotherapeutic agents]]
+* [[Antifungal drug|Antifungals]]
+* [[Magnesium]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Abdominal distention]]
+*[[Dehydration]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Elevated plasma level of drug
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Inflammation]]
+*[[Pseudomembranous enterocolitis|Pseudomembranous colitis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Clinical evaluation after discontinuation of the drugs
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |Factitious diarrhea
-| '''Oncologic'''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Abdominal distention]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑/↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Hypokalemia]]
+*[[Metabolic alkalosis]]
+*[[Hypermagnesemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Malabsorption]]
+*[[Lethargy]]
+*[[Generalized weakness]]
+*[[Acute kidney injury|Acute renal failure]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Medication|Medications]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Clinical evaluation after discontinuation of the drugs
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-| '''Opthalmologic'''
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Heavy metal ingestion]]
-| '''Psychiatric'''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Abdominal distention]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Elevated plasma heavy metal level
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Headache]]
+*[[Paresthesia|Numbness]]
+*[[Alopecia]]
+*[[Vertigo]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Heavy metal ingestion]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Plasma level of heavy metal
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Organophosphate poisoning]]
-| '''Pulmonary'''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Saliva|Salivation]]
+*[[Nausea and vomiting|Vomiting]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Reduced RBC acetylcholinesterase
+*Plasma [[cholinesterase]] activity
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Dysautonomia|Autonomic dysfunction]]
+*Motor deficit
+*Sensory deficit
+*[[Bronchospasm]]
+*[[Urination]]
+*[[Miosis]]
+*[[Bradycardia]]
+*[[Lacrimation]]
+*[[Sweating]]
+*[[Cardiac arrhythmia|Cardiac arrhythmias]]
+*[[Acute kidney injury|Acute renal injury]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Neurotoxin|Neurotoxins]] bind to [[ACHE|acetylcholinesterase]] (AChE)
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Clinical diagnosis
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Opium withdrawal]]
-| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*Hyperactive [[Stomach rumble|bowel sounds]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Azotemia]]
+*[[Hypokalemia]]
+*[[Metabolic alkalosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Dysphoria]]
+*[[Agitation (emotion)|Restlessness]]
+*[[Perspiration|Sweating]]
+*[[Rhinorrhea]]
+*[[Tears|Lacrimation]]
+*[[Myalgia]]
+*[[Arthralgia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Opium|Opium withdrawal]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Clinical diagnosis following [[opium withdrawal]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" rowspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Iatrogenic
-| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
-| '''Sexual'''
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Short bowel syndrome]]
-| '''Trauma'''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Abdominal distension|Abdominal distention]]
+* [[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[fecal fat]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | ↑
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]
+* High level of [[Acute phase protein|acute phase reactant]]
+* Abnormal [[liver function tests]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Prior [[Intestine|intestinal]] surgery
+* [[Malabsorption]]
+* [[Crohn's disease]]
+* [[Cancer|Malignancy]]
+* Peripheral [[edema]]
+* [[Muscle atrophy]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Surgical [[bowel resection]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Clinical diagnosis following [[bowel resection]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Radiation enteropathy|Radiation enteritis]]
-| '''Urologic'''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+* [[Tenderness (medicine)|Abdominal tenderness]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[fecal fat]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Vitamin B12 deficiency
+*[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Prior history of [[Cancer|malignancy]] and [[radiation therapy]]
+*[[Malabsorption]]
+*[[Telangiectasia|Telangiectasias]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Radiation therapy|Radiation]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Segmental bowel [[inflammation]] on [[endoscopy]] or [[colonoscopy]]
 |-
-|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Gastric dumping syndrome|Dumping syndrome]]
-| '''Miscellaneous'''
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
-|bgcolor="Beige"|
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*Hyperactive [[bowel sound]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Hypoglycemia]]
+* [[Hydrogen Breath Test|Hydrogen breath test]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Malnutrition]]
+*[[Fat soluble vitamins|Fat soluble vitamin]] deficiency
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Post operative complications|Postgastrectomy]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Clinical diagnosis following [[gastrectomy]]
 |-
+! colspan="2" rowspan="6" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Others
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause
+! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Duration
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diarrhea
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fever
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Abdominal pain
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |GI signs
+! colspan="5" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Stool exam
+! colspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other lab findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Extra intestinal findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Cause/Pathogenesis
+! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Gold standard diagnosis
+|-
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Acute
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Chronic
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Watery
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bloody
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Fatty
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |RBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ova/Parasite
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Osmotic gap
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |WBC
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Hgb
+! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Plt
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Abetalipoproteinemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Abdominal distension]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Low [[triglyceride]]
+* Low total [[cholesterol]] levels
+* [[Acanthocytes]]
+* Low [[vitamin E]] levels
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Ataxia]]
+* [[Visual field defect]]
+* [[Dysarthria]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Autosomal recessive]] disorder caused by mutations encoding the [[microsomal triglyceride transfer protein]] (MTP)
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Clinical findings and low [[triglyceride]] and [[cholesterol]] level
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hyperthyroidism]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |–
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[fecal fat]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Elevated [[T4]]
+* Elevated [[T3]]
+* Decreased [[TSH]]
+* High serum [[alkaline phosphatase]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Lump in the neck
+* Lid lag
+* [[Malabsorption]]
+* [[Sweating]]
+* [[Hyperpigmentation]]
+* [[Proptosis]]
+* [[Tremor]]
+* Increased [[Deep tendon reflex|DTR]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[Graves' disease]]
+* [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]]
+* [[Toxic adenoma]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* [[TSH]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Fecal incontinence]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[fecal fat]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Hyperglycemia]]
+*[[Azotemia]]
+*[[Hypokalemia]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Malabsorption]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Unclear
+*Disordered [[motility]]
+*Increased [[Intestine|intestinal]] secretion
+*[[Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Clinical diagnosis in a patient with long lasting [[diabetes mellitus]]
+|-
+! colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Scleroderma|Systemic sclerosis]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |±
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="Left" |
+*[[Abdominal pain|Epigastric tenderness]]
+*[[Fecal incontinence]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | +
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | –
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Positive [[fecal fat]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↓
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Nl
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+* Anti–[[Type I topoisomerase|topoisomerase I]] (Scl‑70) antibodies
+* [[Antinuclear antibodies]] ([[Antinuclear antibodies|ANA]])
+* [[Anti-centromere antibodies|Anti–centromere antibodies]]
+* Anti–[[RNA polymerase III]] antibody
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Malabsorption]]
+*[[Skin changes]]
+*[[Raynaud's phenomenon|Raynaud phenomenon]]
+*[[Pulmonary hypertension]]
+*[[Arthritis]]
+*[[Telangiectasia]]
+*[[Chronic renal failure]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*[[Autoimmunity|Autoimmune reaction]]
+| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |
+*Clinical diagnosis
+*Followed by serologic tests
+|- }
 |}
+==Related Chapters==
+*[[Constipation]]
+*[[Gastroenteritis]]
-==List of Drug-Drug Interactions may Cause Diarrhea==
-{{Refbegin|2}}
-* A/T/S and Comtan interaction
-* A/T/S and Entacapone interaction
-* Accupril and Lithium interaction
-* Acetic Acid and Lithium interaction
-* Acular (Ketorolac ophthalmic) and Lithium interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Aerolate interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Asmalix interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Cardioquin (Quinidine) interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Elixomin interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Quinaglute (Quinidine) interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Quinidex (Quinidine) interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Quinora (Quinidine) interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Respbid interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and T-Phyl interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Theo-X interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Theobid interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Theochron interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Theoclear interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Theolair interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Theovent interaction
-* Adalat (Nifedipine) and Uniphyl interaction
-* AK Mycin Ophthalmic and Comtan interaction
-* AK Mycin Ophthalmic and Entacapone interaction
-* Akne-Mycin and Comtan interaction
-* Akne-Mycin and Entacapone interaction
-* Alloprin and Aerolate interaction
-* Alloprin and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Alloprin and Asmilix interaction
-* Alloprin and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Alloprin and Elixomin interaction
-* Alloprin and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Alloprin and Quibron-T interaction
-* Alloprin and Respbid interaction
-* Alloprin and Slo-bid interaction
-* Alloprin and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Alloprin and T-Phyl interaction
-* Alloprin and Theo-24 interaction
-* Alloprin and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Alloprin and Theo-X interaction
-* Alloprin and Theobid interaction
-* Alloprin and Theochron interaction
-* Alloprin and Theoclear interaction
-* Alloprin and Theolair interaction
-* Alloprin and Theophylline interaction
-* Alloprin and Theovent interaction
-* Alloprin and Uniphyl interaction
-* Allopurinol and Aerolate interaction
-* Allopurinol and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Allopurinol and Asmilix interaction
-* Allopurinol and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Allopurinol and Elixomin interaction
-* Allopurinol and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Allopurinol and Quibron-T interaction
-* Allopurinol and Respbid interaction
-* Allopurinol and Slo-bid interaction
-* Allopurinol and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Allopurinol and T-Phyl interaction
-* Allopurinol and Theo-24 interaction
-* Allopurinol and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Allopurinol and Theo-X interaction
-* Allopurinol and Theobid interaction
-* Allopurinol and Theochron interaction
-* Allopurinol and Theoclear interaction
-* Allopurinol and Theolair interaction
-* Allopurinol and Theophylline interaction
-* Allopurinol and Theovent interaction
-* Allopurinol and Uniphyl interaction
-* Alprazolam and Digoxin interaction
-* Alprazolam and Lanoxin interaction
-* Alprazolam Intensol and Digoxin interaction
-* Alprazolam Intensol and Lanoxin interaction
-* Altace and Lithium interaction
-* Aminophylline and Tacrine interaction
-* Aminophylline and Terbinafine interaction
-* Anaprox and Warfarin interaction
-* Anaprox DS and Warfarin interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Aerolate interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Asmilix interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Elixomin interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Quibron-T interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Respbid interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Slo-bid interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and T-Phyl interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Theo-24 interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Theo-X interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Theobid interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Theochron interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Theoclear interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Theolair interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Theophylline interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Theovent interaction
-* Apo-Allopurinol and Uniphyl interaction
-* Apo-Alpraz and Digoxin interaction
-* Apo-Alpraz and Lanoxin interaction
-* Apo-Diclo and Lithium interaction
-* Apo-Erythro Base and Comtan interaction
-* Apo-Erythro Base and Entacapone interaction
-* Apo-Erythro E-C and Comtan interaction
-* Apo-Erythro E-C and Entacapone interaction
-* Apo-Erythro-ES and Comtan interaction
-* Apo-Erythro-ES and Entacapone interaction
-* Apo-Erythro-S and Comtan interaction
-* Apo-Erythro-S and Entacapone interaction
-* Apo-Metoclop and Aloe interaction
-* Apo-Metoclop and Cascara interaction
-* Apo-Metoclop and Senna interaction
-* Apo-Nabumetone and Lithium interaction
-* Apo-Sulin and Lithium interaction
-* Aquatensen and Lithium interaction
-* Arthotec and Magnesium-containing Antacid interaction
-* Arthrotec and Lithium interaction
-* Azithromycin and Comtan interaction
-* Azithromycin and Entacapone interaction
-* Benzamycin and Comtan interaction
-* Benzamycin and Entacapone interaction
-* Bextra and Alendronate interaction
-* Bextra and Fosamax interaction
-* Biaxin (Clarithromycin) and Aerolate interaction
-* Biaxin (Clarithromycin) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Biaxin (Clarithromycin) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Biaxin (Clarithromycin) and Elixomin interaction
-* Biaxin (Clarithromycin) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Biaxin (Clarithromycin) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Biaxin (Clarithromycin) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Biaxin (Clarithromycin) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Biaxin (Clarithromycin) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Biaxin (Clarithromycin) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Biaxin (Clarithromycin) and Theobid interaction
-* Biaxin (Clarithromycin) and Theochron interaction
-* Biaxin (Clarithromycin) and Theoclear interaction
-* Biaxin (Clarithromycin) and Theolair interaction
-* Biaxin (Clarithromycin) and Theovent interaction
-* Biaxin (Clarithromycin) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Biaxin and Comtan interaction
-* Biaxin and Entacapone interaction
-* Biaxin Thalmic and Comtan interaction
-* Biaxin Thalmic and Entacapone interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Accurbron (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Aerolate (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Aquaphyllin (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Asmalix (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Bronkodyl (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Constant-T (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Elixomin (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Elixophyllin (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Lanophyllin (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Quibron-T (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Respbid (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Slo-bid (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Slo-Phyllin (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Sustaire (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and T-Phyl (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Theo-Dur (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Theobid (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Theochron (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Theoclear (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Theolair (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Theospan (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Theostat 80 (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Theovent (Theophylline) interaction
-* Birth Control Pill and Uniphyl (Theophylline) interaction
-* Blocadren (Timolol) and Aerolate interaction
-* Blocadren (Timolol) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Blocadren (Timolol) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Blocadren (Timolol) and Elixomin interaction
-* Blocadren (Timolol) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Blocadren (Timolol) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Blocadren (Timolol) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Blocadren (Timolol) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Blocadren (Timolol) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Blocadren (Timolol) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Blocadren (Timolol) and Theobid interaction
-* Blocadren (Timolol) and Theochron interaction
-* Blocadren (Timolol) and Theoclear interaction
-* Blocadren (Timolol) and Theolair interaction
-* Blocadren (Timolol) and Theovent interaction
-* Blocadren (Timolol) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Brevicon and Aerolate interaction
-* Brevicon and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Brevicon and Asmalix interaction
-* Brevicon and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Brevicon and Elixomin interaction
-* Brevicon and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Brevicon and Quibron-T interaction
-* Brevicon and Respbid interaction
-* Brevicon and Slo-bid interaction
-* Brevicon and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Brevicon and T-Phyl interaction
-* Brevicon and Theo-24 interaction
-* Brevicon and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Brevicon and Theo-X interaction
-* Brevicon and Theobid interaction
-* Brevicon and Theochron interaction
-* Brevicon and Theoclear interaction
-* Brevicon and Theolair interaction
-* Brevicon and Theovent interaction
-* Brevicon and Uniphyl interaction
-* Bumetanide and Lithium interaction
-* Bumex and Lithium interaction
-* C-Solve 2 and Comtan interaction
-* C-Solve 2 and Entacapone interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Aerolate interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Asmalix interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Cardioquin (Quinidine) interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Elixomin interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Quinaglute (Quinidine) interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Quinidex (Quinidine) interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Quinora (Quinidine) interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Respbid interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and T-Phyl interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Theo-X interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Theobid interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Theochron interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Theoclear interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Theolair interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Theovent interaction
-* Calan (Verapamil) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Capoten and Lithium interaction
-* Captopril and Lithium interaction
-* Carbamazepine and Lithium interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Aerolate interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Asmalix interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Elixomin interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Respbid interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and T-Phyl interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Theo-X interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Theobid interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Theochron interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Theoclear interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Theolair interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Theovent interaction
-* Cardizem (Diltiazem) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Cartrol (Cartreolol) and Aerolate interaction
-* Cartrol (Cartreolol) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Cartrol (Cartreolol) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Cartrol (Cartreolol) and Elixomin interaction
-* Cartrol (Cartreolol) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Cartrol (Cartreolol) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Cartrol (Cartreolol) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Cartrol (Cartreolol) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Cartrol (Cartreolol) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Cartrol (Cartreolol) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Cartrol (Cartreolol) and Theobid interaction
-* Cartrol (Cartreolol) and Theochron interaction
-* Cartrol (Cartreolol) and Theoclear interaction
-* Cartrol (Cartreolol) and Theolair interaction
-* Cartrol (Cartreolol) and Theovent interaction
-* Cartrol (Cartreolol) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Cataflam and Lithium interaction
-* Celebrex and Alendronate interaction
-* Celebrex and Fosamax interaction
-* Celecoxib and Alendronate interaction
-* Celecoxib and Fosamax interaction
-* Chlorthalidone and Lithium interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Accupril (Quinapril) interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Advil (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Aleve (Naproxen) interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Altace (Ramipril) interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Ansaid (Flurbiprofen) interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Aspirin interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Capoten (Captopril) interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Indocin (Indomethacin) interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Lodine (Etodolac) interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Lotensin (Benazepril) interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Monopril (Fosinopril) interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Motrin (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Naprosyn (Naproxen) interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Nuprin (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Prinivil (Lisinopril) interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Relafen (Nabumetone) interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Toradol (Ketorolac) interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Vasotec (Enalapril) interaction
-* Cibalith-S and Zestril (Lisinopril) interaction
-* Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) and Aerolate interaction
-* Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) and Elixomin interaction
-* Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) and Theobid interaction
-* Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) and Theochron interaction
-* Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) and Theoclear interaction
-* Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) and Theolair interaction
-* Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) and Theovent interaction
-* Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Clarithromycin and Comtan interaction
-* Clarithromycin and Entacapone interaction
-* Clinoril and Lithium interaction
-* Clopidogrel and Alendronate interaction
-* Clopidogrel and Fosamax interaction
-* Clopra and Aloe interaction
-* Clopra and Cascara interaction
-* Clopra and Senna interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Aerolate interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Asmalix interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Elixomin interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Respbid interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and T-Phyl interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Theo-X interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Theobid interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Theochron interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Theoclear interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Theolair interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Theovent interaction
-* Cognex (Tacrine) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Cox II Inhibitor and Alendronate interaction
-* Cox II Inhibitor and Fosamax interaction
-* Cytotec and Magnesium-containing Antacid interaction
-* Cytotec magnesium-containing antacid interaction
-* Cytovene and Didanosine interaction
-* Cytovene and Videx interaction
-* Desogen and Aerolate interaction
-* Desogen and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Desogen and Asmalix interaction
-* Desogen and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Desogen and Elixomin interaction
-* Desogen and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Desogen and Quibron-T interaction
-* Desogen and Respbid interaction
-* Desogen and Slo-bid interaction
-* Desogen and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Desogen and T-Phyl interaction
-* Desogen and Theo-24 interaction
-* Desogen and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Desogen and Theo-X interaction
-* Desogen and Theobid interaction
-* Desogen and Theochron interaction
-* Desogen and Theoclear interaction
-* Desogen and Theolair interaction
-* Desogen and Theovent interaction
-* Desogen and Uniphyl interaction
-* Diclofenac and Lithium interaction
-* Diclofenac Potassium and Lithium interaction
-* Diclofenac Sodium and Lithium interaction
-* Diclofenac with Misoprostol and Lithium interaction
-* Digoxin and Amiodarone Hydrochloride interaction
-* Digoxin and Amiodarone interaction
-* Digoxin and Cardizem SR interaction
-* Digoxin and Cordrone interaction
-* Digoxin and Cyclosporine interaction
-* Digoxin and Dilacor XR interaction
-* Digoxin and Diltiazem Hydrochloride interaction
-* Digoxin and Erythromycin Base interaction
-* Digoxin and Fluoxetine interaction
-* Digoxin and Furosemide interaction
-* Digoxin and Ginseng interaction
-* Digoxin and Hydroxychloroquine interaction
-* Digoxin and Pacerone interaction
-* Digoxin and Quinidine interaction
-* Digoxin and Spironlactone interaction
-* Digoxin and Tolbutamide interaction
-* Digoxin and Trazodone interaction
-* Digoxin and Verapmil interaction
-* Dilacor XR (Diltiazem) and Aerolate interaction
-* Dilacor XR (Diltiazem) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Dilacor XR (Diltiazem) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Dilacor XR (Diltiazem) and Elixomin interaction
-* Dilacor XR (Diltiazem) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Dilacor XR (Diltiazem) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Dilacor XR (Diltiazem) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Dilacor XR (Diltiazem) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Dilacor XR (Diltiazem) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Dilacor XR (Diltiazem) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Dilacor XR (Diltiazem) and Theobid interaction
-* Dilacor XR (Diltiazem) and Theochron interaction
-* Dilacor XR (Diltiazem) and Theoclear interaction
-* Dilacor XR (Diltiazem) and Theolair interaction
-* Dilacor XR (Diltiazem) and Theovent interaction
-* Dilacor XR (Diltiazem) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Dyazide and Lithium interaction
-* E-Mycin (Erythromycin) and Aerolate interaction
-* E-Mycin (Erythromycin) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* E-Mycin (Erythromycin) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* E-Mycin (Erythromycin) and Elixomin interaction
-* E-Mycin (Erythromycin) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* E-Mycin (Erythromycin) and Quibron-T interaction
-* E-Mycin (Erythromycin) and Slo-bid interaction
-* E-Mycin (Erythromycin) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* E-Mycin (Erythromycin) and Theo-24 interaction
-* E-Mycin (Erythromycin) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* E-Mycin (Erythromycin) and Theobid interaction
-* E-Mycin (Erythromycin) and Theochron interaction
-* E-Mycin (Erythromycin) and Theoclear interaction
-* E-Mycin (Erythromycin) and Theolair interaction
-* E-Mycin (Erythromycin) and Theovent interaction
-* E-Mycin (Erythromycin) and Uniphyl interaction
-* E-Mycin 333 and Comtan interaction
-* E-Mycin 333 and Entacapone interaction
-* E-Mycin and Comtan interaction
-* E-Mycin and Entacapone interaction
-* E-Mycin Controlled Release and Comtan interaction
-* E-Mycin Controlled Release and Entacapone interaction
-* E-Mycin E and Comtan interaction
-* E-Mycin E and Entacapone interaction
-* E-Solve 2 and Comtan interaction
-* E-Solve 2 and Entacapone interaction
-* E.E.S. (Erythromycin) and Aerolate interaction
-* E.E.S. (Erythromycin) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* E.E.S. (Erythromycin) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* E.E.S. (Erythromycin) and Elixomin interaction
-* E.E.S. (Erythromycin) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* E.E.S. (Erythromycin) and Quibron-T interaction
-* E.E.S. (Erythromycin) and Slo-bid interaction
-* E.E.S. (Erythromycin) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* E.E.S. (Erythromycin) and Theo-24 interaction
-* E.E.S. (Erythromycin) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* E.E.S. (Erythromycin) and Theobid interaction
-* E.E.S. (Erythromycin) and Theochron interaction
-* E.E.S. (Erythromycin) and Theoclear interaction
-* E.E.S. (Erythromycin) and Theolair interaction
-* E.E.S. (Erythromycin) and Theovent interaction
-* E.E.S. (Erythromycin) and Uniphyl interaction
-* E.E.S. 200 and Comtan interaction
-* E.E.S. 200 and Entacapone interaction
-* E.E.S. 400 and Comtan interaction
-* E.E.S. 400 and Entacapone interaction
-* E.E.S. and Comtan interaction
-* E.E.S. and Entacapone interaction
-* EC-Naprosyn and Warfarin interaction
-* Emex and Aloe interaction
-* Emex and Cascara interaction
-* Emex and Senna interaction
-* Emgel and Comtan interaction
-* Emgel and Entacapone interaction
-* Enalapril Maleate and Lithium interaction
-* Endruon and Lithium interaction
-* Epitol and Lithium interaction
-* Eramycin and Comtan interaction
-* Eramycin and Entacapone interaction
-* Ery-Tab (Erythromycin) and Aerolate interaction
-* Ery-Tab (Erythromycin) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Ery-Tab (Erythromycin) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Ery-Tab (Erythromycin) and Elixomin interaction
-* Ery-Tab (Erythromycin) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Ery-Tab (Erythromycin) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Ery-Tab (Erythromycin) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Ery-Tab (Erythromycin) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Ery-Tab (Erythromycin) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Ery-Tab (Erythromycin) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Ery-Tab (Erythromycin) and Theobid interaction
-* Ery-Tab (Erythromycin) and Theochron interaction
-* Ery-Tab (Erythromycin) and Theoclear interaction
-* Ery-Tab (Erythromycin) and Theolair interaction
-* Ery-Tab (Erythromycin) and Theovent interaction
-* Ery-Tab (Erythromycin) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Ery-Tb and Comtan interaction
-* Ery-Tb and Entacapone interaction
-* Erybid and Comtan interaction
-* Erybid and Entacapone interaction
-* ERYC (Erythromycin) and Aerolate interaction
-* ERYC (Erythromycin) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* ERYC (Erythromycin) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* ERYC (Erythromycin) and Elixomin interaction
-* ERYC (Erythromycin) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* ERYC (Erythromycin) and Quibron-T interaction
-* ERYC (Erythromycin) and Slo-bid interaction
-* ERYC (Erythromycin) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* ERYC (Erythromycin) and Theo-24 interaction
-* ERYC (Erythromycin) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* ERYC (Erythromycin) and Theobid interaction
-* ERYC (Erythromycin) and Theochron interaction
-* ERYC (Erythromycin) and Theoclear interaction
-* ERYC (Erythromycin) and Theolair interaction
-* ERYC (Erythromycin) and Theovent interaction
-* ERYC (Erythromycin) and Uniphyl interaction
-* ERYC and Comtan interaction
-* ERYC and Entacapone interaction
-* Erycette and Comtan interaction
-* Erycette and Entacapone interaction
-* Erydern and Comtan interaction
-* Erydern and Entacapone interaction
-* Erygel and Comtan interaction
-* Erygel and Entacapone interaction
-* Erymax and Comtan interaction
-* Erymax and Entacapone interaction
-* EryPed (Erythromycin) and Aerolate interaction
-* EryPed (Erythromycin) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* EryPed (Erythromycin) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* EryPed (Erythromycin) and Elixomin interaction
-* EryPed (Erythromycin) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* EryPed (Erythromycin) and Quibron-T interaction
-* EryPed (Erythromycin) and Slo-bid interaction
-* EryPed (Erythromycin) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* EryPed (Erythromycin) and Theo-24 interaction
-* EryPed (Erythromycin) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* EryPed (Erythromycin) and Theobid interaction
-* EryPed (Erythromycin) and Theochron interaction
-* EryPed (Erythromycin) and Theoclear interaction
-* EryPed (Erythromycin) and Theolair interaction
-* EryPed (Erythromycin) and Theovent interaction
-* EryPed (Erythromycin) and Uniphyl interaction
-* EryPed and Comtan interaction
-* EryPed and Entacapone interaction
-* Eryphar and Comtan interaction
-* Eryphar and Entacapone interaction
-* Erythrocin (Erythromycin) and Aerolate interaction
-* Erythrocin (Erythromycin) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Erythrocin (Erythromycin) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Erythrocin (Erythromycin) and Elixomin interaction
-* Erythrocin (Erythromycin) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Erythrocin (Erythromycin) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Erythrocin (Erythromycin) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Erythrocin (Erythromycin) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Erythrocin (Erythromycin) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Erythrocin (Erythromycin) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Erythrocin (Erythromycin) and Theobid interaction
-* Erythrocin (Erythromycin) and Theochron interaction
-* Erythrocin (Erythromycin) and Theoclear interaction
-* Erythrocin (Erythromycin) and Theolair interaction
-* Erythrocin (Erythromycin) and Theovent interaction
-* Erythrocin (Erythromycin) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Erythrocin and Comtan interaction
-* Erythrocin and Entacapone interaction
-* Erythromid and Comtan interaction
-* Erythromid and Entacapone interaction
-* Erythromycin and Comtan interaction
-* Erythromycin and Entacapone interaction
-* Esidrix and Lithium interaction
-* Eskalith and Accupril (Quinapril) interaction
-* Eskalith and Advil (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Eskalith and Aleve (Naproxen) interaction
-* Eskalith and Altace (Ramipril) interaction
-* Eskalith and Ansaid (Flurbiprofen) interaction
-* Eskalith and Aspirin interaction
-* Eskalith and Capoten (Captopril) interaction
-* Eskalith and Indocin (Indomethacin) interaction
-* Eskalith and Lithium interaction
-* Eskalith and Lodine (Etodolac) interaction
-* Eskalith and Lotensin (Benazepril) interaction
-* Eskalith and Monopril (Fosinopril) interaction
-* Eskalith and Motrin (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Eskalith and Naprosyn (Naproxen) interaction
-* Eskalith and Nuprin (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Eskalith and Prinivil (Lisinopril) interaction
-* Eskalith and Relafen (Nabumetone) interaction
-* Eskalith and Toradol (Ketorolac) interaction
-* Eskalith and Vasotec (Enalapril) interaction
-* Eskalith and Zestril (Lisinopril) interaction
-* Eskalith CR and Lithium interaction
-* Ethril and Comtan interaction
-* Ethril and Entacapone interaction
-* Etodolac and Digoxin interaction
-* Etodolac and Lithium interaction
-* ETS-2% and Comtan interaction
-* ETS-2% and Entacapone interaction
-* Feldene and Lithium interaction
-* Flagyl and Lithium interaction
-* Folex and Advil (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Folex and Aleve (Naproxen) interaction
-* Folex and Ansaid (Flurbiprofen) interaction
-* Folex and Aspirin interaction
-* Folex and Bactrim interaction
-* Folex and Cotrim interaction
-* Folex and Indocin (Indomethacin) interaction
-* Folex and Lodine (Etodolac) interaction
-* Folex and Motrin (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Folex and Naprosyn (Naproxen) interaction
-* Folex and Nuprin (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Folex and Relafen (Nabumetone) interaction
-* Folex and Septra interaction
-* Folex and SMZ-TMP interaction
-* Folex and Sulfatrim interaction
-* Folex and Toradol (Ketorolac) interaction
-* Folex and Uroplus interaction
-* Ganciclovir and Didanosine interaction
-* Ganciclovir and Videx interaction
-* Gastrobid and Aloe interaction
-* Gastrobid and Cascara interaction
-* Gastrobid and Senna interaction
-* Gemulen and Aerolate interaction
-* Gemulen and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Gemulen and Asmalix interaction
-* Gemulen and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Gemulen and Elixomin interaction
-* Gemulen and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Gemulen and Quibron-T interaction
-* Gemulen and Respbid interaction
-* Gemulen and Slo-bid interaction
-* Gemulen and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Gemulen and T-Phyl interaction
-* Gemulen and Theo-24 interaction
-* Gemulen and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Gemulen and Theo-X interaction
-* Gemulen and Theobid interaction
-* Gemulen and Theochron interaction
-* Gemulen and Theoclear interaction
-* Gemulen and Theolair interaction
-* Gemulen and Theovent interaction
-* Gemulen and Uniphyl interaction
-* Genora and Aerolate interaction
-* Genora and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Genora and Asmalix interaction
-* Genora and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Genora and Elixomin interaction
-* Genora and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Genora and Quibron-T interaction
-* Genora and Respbid interaction
-* Genora and Slo-bid interaction
-* Genora and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Genora and T-Phyl interaction
-* Genora and Theo-24 interaction
-* Genora and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Genora and Theo-X interaction
-* Genora and Theobid interaction
-* Genora and Theochron interaction
-* Genora and Theoclear interaction
-* Genora and Theolair interaction
-* Genora and Theovent interaction
-* Genora and Uniphyl interaction
-* Grapefruit Juice and Colchicine interaction
-* Hydrochlorothiazide and Lithium interaction
-* HydroDIURIL and Lithium interaction
-* Hygroton and Lithium interaction
-* Ilosone (Erythromycin) and Aerolate interaction
-* Ilosone (Erythromycin) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Ilosone (Erythromycin) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Ilosone (Erythromycin) and Elixomin interaction
-* Ilosone (Erythromycin) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Ilosone (Erythromycin) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Ilosone (Erythromycin) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Ilosone (Erythromycin) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Ilosone (Erythromycin) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Ilosone (Erythromycin) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Ilosone (Erythromycin) and Theobid interaction
-* Ilosone (Erythromycin) and Theochron interaction
-* Ilosone (Erythromycin) and Theoclear interaction
-* Ilosone (Erythromycin) and Theolair interaction
-* Ilosone (Erythromycin) and Theovent interaction
-* Ilosone (Erythromycin) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Ilosone and Comtan interaction
-* Ilosone and Entacapone interaction
-* Ilotycin and Comtan interaction
-* Ilotycin and Entacapone interaction
-* Imipramine and Reserpine interaction
-* Indameth and Lithium interaction
-* Indapamide and Lithium interaction
-* Inderal (Propranolol) and Aerolate interaction
-* Inderal (Propranolol) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Inderal (Propranolol) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Inderal (Propranolol) and Elixomin interaction
-* Inderal (Propranolol) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Inderal (Propranolol) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Inderal (Propranolol) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Inderal (Propranolol) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Inderal (Propranolol) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Inderal (Propranolol) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Inderal (Propranolol) and Theobid interaction
-* Inderal (Propranolol) and Theochron interaction
-* Inderal (Propranolol) and Theoclear interaction
-* Inderal (Propranolol) and Theolair interaction
-* Inderal (Propranolol) and Theovent interaction
-* Inderal (Propranolol) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Indocid and Lithium interaction
-* Indocid PDA and Lithium interaction
-* Indocid-SR and Lithium interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Aerolate interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Asmalix interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Cardioquin (Quinidine) interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Elixomin interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Quinaglute (Quinidine) interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Quinidex (Quinidine) interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Quinora (Quinidine) interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Respbid interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and T-Phyl interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Theo-X interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Theobid interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Theochron interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Theoclear interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Theolair interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Theovent interaction
-* Isoptin (Verapamil) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Ketorolac Tromethamine and Lithium interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Achromycin V (Tetracycline) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Adalat (Nifedipine) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Aldactazide (Spironolactone, HCTZ) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Aldactone (Spironolactone) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Ativan (Loarzepam) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Calan (Verapamil) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Cardioquin (Quinidine) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Cardizem (Diltiazem) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Cordarone (Amidarone) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Dalmane (Flurazepam) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Declomycin (Demeclocycline) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Dilacor XR (Diltiazem) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Doral (Quazepam) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Doryx (Doxycycline) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Dyazide (Triamterene, HCTZ) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and E.E.S. (E-Mycin) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Ery-Tab (Erythrocin) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and ERYC (EryPed) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Eryzole (Ilosone) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Halcion (Triazolam) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Ilotycin (Pediazole) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Isoptin (Verapamil) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Klonopin (Clonazepam) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Librium (Chlordiazepoxide) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Maxzide (Triamterene, HCTZ) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Midamor (Amiloride) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Minocin (Minocycline) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Moduretic (Amiloride, HCTZ) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Paxipam (Halazepam) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and PCE (Robimycin) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Plendil (Felodipine) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Procardia (Nifedipine) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and ProSom (Estazolam) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Quinaglute (Quinidine) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Quinalan (Quinidine) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Quinidex (Quinidine) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Quinora (Quinidine) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Restoril (Temazepam) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Rondomycin (Methacycline) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Rythmol (Propafenone) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Sandimmune (Cyclosporine) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Serax (Oxazepam) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Sumycin (Tetracycline) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Terramycin (Oxytetracycline) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Tranxene (Clorazepate) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Uri-Tet (Oxytetracycline) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Valium (Diazepam) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Vascor (Bepridil) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Verelan (Verapamil) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Versed (Midazolam) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Vibramycin (Doxycycline) interaction
-* Lanoxin (Digoxin) and Xanax (Alprazolam) interaction
-* Levatol (Penbutolol) and Aerolate interaction
-* Levatol (Penbutolol) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Levatol (Penbutolol) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Levatol (Penbutolol) and Elixomin interaction
-* Levatol (Penbutolol) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Levatol (Penbutolol) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Levatol (Penbutolol) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Levatol (Penbutolol) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Levatol (Penbutolol) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Levatol (Penbutolol) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Levatol (Penbutolol) and Theobid interaction
-* Levatol (Penbutolol) and Theochron interaction
-* Levatol (Penbutolol) and Theoclear interaction
-* Levatol (Penbutolol) and Theolair interaction
-* Levatol (Penbutolol) and Theovent interaction
-* Levatol (Penbutolol) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Levlen and Aerolate interaction
-* Levlen and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Levlen and Asmalix interaction
-* Levlen and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Levlen and Elixomin interaction
-* Levlen and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Levlen and Quibron-T interaction
-* Levlen and Respbid interaction
-* Levlen and Slo-bid interaction
-* Levlen and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Levlen and T-Phyl interaction
-* Levlen and Theo-24 interaction
-* Levlen and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Levlen and Theo-X interaction
-* Levlen and Theobid interaction
-* Levlen and Theochron interaction
-* Levlen and Theoclear interaction
-* Levlen and Theolair interaction
-* Levlen and Theovent interaction
-* Levlen and Uniphyl interaction
-* Lithane and Advil (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Lithane and Aleve (Naproxen) interaction
-* Lithane and Ansaid (Flurbiprofen) interaction
-* Lithane and Aspirin interaction
-* Lithane and Indocin (Indomethacin) interaction
-* Lithane and Lodine (Etodolac) interaction
-* Lithane and Motrin (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Lithane and Naprosyn (Naproxen) interaction
-* Lithane and Nuprin (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Lithane and Relafen (Nabumetone) interaction
-* Lithane and Toradol (Ketorolac) interaction
-* Lithium (Eskalith) and ACE Inhibitor interaction
-* Lithium (Eskalith) and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARBs) interaction
-* Lithium (Eskalith) and COX-2 Inhibitor interaction
-* Lithium (Eskalith) and NSAID interaction
-* Lithium (Eskalith) and Thiazide diuretic interaction
-* Lithium and Amiloride Hydrochloride interaction
-* Lithium and Midamor interaction
-* Lithium Carbonate and Lithium interaction
-* Lithobid and Accupril (Quinapril) interaction
-* Lithobid and Advil (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Lithobid and Aleve (Naproxen) interaction
-* Lithobid and Altace (Ramipril) interaction
-* Lithobid and Ansaid (Flurbiprofen) interaction
-* Lithobid and Aspirin interaction
-* Lithobid and Capoten (Captopril) interaction
-* Lithobid and Indocin (Indomethacin) interaction
-* Lithobid and Lithium interaction
-* Lithobid and Lodine (Etodolac) interaction
-* Lithobid and Lotensin (Benazepril) interaction
-* Lithobid and Monopril (Fosinopril) interaction
-* Lithobid and Motrin (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Lithobid and Naprosyn (Naproxen) interaction
-* Lithobid and Nuprin (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Lithobid and Prinivil (Lisinopril) interaction
-* Lithobid and Relafen (Nabumetone) interaction
-* Lithobid and Toradol (Ketorolac) interaction
-* Lithobid and Vasotec (Enalapril) interaction
-* Lithobid and Zestril (Lisinopril) interaction
-* Lithonate and Accupril (Quinapril) interaction
-* Lithonate and Altace (Ramipril) interaction
-* Lithonate and Capoten (Captopril) interaction
-* Lithonate and Lithium interaction
-* Lithonate and Lotensin (Benazepril) interaction
-* Lithonate and Monopril (Fosinopril) interaction
-* Lithonate and Prinivil (Lisinopril) interaction
-* Lithonate and Vasotec (Enalapril) interaction
-* Lithonate and Zestril (Lisinopril) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Accupril (Quinapril) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Advil (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Aleve (Naproxen) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Altace (Ramipril) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Ansaid (Flurbiprofen) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Aspirin interaction
-* Lithotabs and Capoten (Captopril) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Indocin (Indomethacin) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Lithium interaction
-* Lithotabs and Lodine (Etodolac) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Lotensin (Benazepril) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Monopril (Fosinopril) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Motrin (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Naprosyn (Naproxen) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Nuprin (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Prinivil (Lisinopril) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Relafen (Nabumetone) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Toradol (Ketorolac) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Vasotec (Enalapril) interaction
-* Lithotabs and Zestril (Lisinopril) interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Aerolate interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Asmalix interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Elixomin interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Quibron-T interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Respbid interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Slo-bid interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and T-Phyl interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Theo-24 interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Theo-X interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Theobid interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Theochron interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Theoclear interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Theolair interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Theovent interaction
-* Lo/Ovral and Uniphyl interaction
-* Lodine and Digoxin interaction
-* Lodine and Lithium interaction
-* Loestrin and Aerolate interaction
-* Loestrin and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Loestrin and Asmalix interaction
-* Loestrin and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Loestrin and Elixomin interaction
-* Loestrin and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Loestrin and Quibron-T interaction
-* Loestrin and Respbid interaction
-* Loestrin and Slo-bid interaction
-* Loestrin and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Loestrin and T-Phyl interaction
-* Loestrin and Theo-24 interaction
-* Loestrin and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Loestrin and Theo-X interaction
-* Loestrin and Theobid interaction
-* Loestrin and Theochron interaction
-* Loestrin and Theoclear interaction
-* Loestrin and Theolair interaction
-* Loestrin and Theovent interaction
-* Loestrin and Uniphyl interaction
-* Lopurin and Aerolate interaction
-* Lopurin and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Lopurin and Asmilix interaction
-* Lopurin and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Lopurin and Elixomin interaction
-* Lopurin and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Lopurin and Quibron-T interaction
-* Lopurin and Respbid interaction
-* Lopurin and Slo-bid interaction
-* Lopurin and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Lopurin and T-Phyl interaction
-* Lopurin and Theo-24 interaction
-* Lopurin and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Lopurin and Theo-X interaction
-* Lopurin and Theobid interaction
-* Lopurin and Theochron interaction
-* Lopurin and Theoclear interaction
-* Lopurin and Theolair interaction
-* Lopurin and Theophylline interaction
-* Lopurin and Theovent interaction
-* Lopurin and Uniphyl interaction
-* Lozol and Lithium interaction
-* Macrolide Antibiotic and Comtan interaction
-* Macrolide Antibiotic and Entacapone interaction
-* Maxeran and Aloe interaction
-* Maxeran and Cascara interaction
-* Maxeran and Senna interaction
-* Maxolon and Aloe interaction
-* Maxolon and Cascara interaction
-* Maxolon and Senna interaction
-* Maxzide and Lithium interaction
-* Maxzide-25 and Lithium interaction
-* Med-Alprazolam and Digoxin interaction
-* Med-Alprazolam and Lanoxin interaction
-* Methotrexate and Aspirin interaction
-* Methotrexate and Ciprofloxacin interaction
-* Methotrexate and Ketoprofen interaction
-* Methotrexate and Piperacillin interaction
-* Methyclothiazide and Lithium interaction
-* Metoclopramide and Aloe interaction
-* Metoclopramide and Cascara interaction
-* Metoclopramide and Senna interaction
-* Metolazone and Lithium interaction
-* Metrocream and Lithium interaction
-* MetroGel and Lithium interaction
-* MetroGel-Vaginal and Lithium interaction
-* Metrolotion and Lithium interaction
-* Metromidol and Lithium interaction
-* Metronidazole and Lithium interaction
-* Mexate and Advil (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Mexate and Aleve (Naproxen) interaction
-* Mexate and Ansaid (Flurbiprofen) interaction
-* Mexate and Aspirin interaction
-* Mexate and Bactrim interaction
-* Mexate and Cotrim interaction
-* Mexate and Indocin (Indomethacin) interaction
-* Mexate and Lodine (Etodolac) interaction
-* Mexate and Motrin (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Mexate and Naprosyn (Naproxen) interaction
-* Mexate and Nuprin (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Mexate and Relafen (Nabumetone) interaction
-* Mexate and Septra interaction
-* Mexate and SMZ-TMP interaction
-* Mexate and Sulfatrim interaction
-* Mexate and Toradol (Ketorolac) interaction
-* Mexate and Uroplus interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Aerolate interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Asmalix interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Elixomin interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Respbid interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and T-Phyl interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Theo-X interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Theobid interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Theochron interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Theoclear interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Theolair interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Theovent interaction
-* Mexitil (Mexiletine) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Microzide and Lithium interaction
-* Misoprostol and magnesium-containing antacid interaction
-* Modicon and Aerolate interaction
-* Modicon and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Modicon and Asmalix interaction
-* Modicon and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Modicon and Elixomin interaction
-* Modicon and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Modicon and Quibron-T interaction
-* Modicon and Respbid interaction
-* Modicon and Slo-bid interaction
-* Modicon and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Modicon and T-Phyl interaction
-* Modicon and Theo-24 interaction
-* Modicon and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Modicon and Theo-X interaction
-* Modicon and Theobid interaction
-* Modicon and Theochron interaction
-* Modicon and Theoclear interaction
-* Modicon and Theolair interaction
-* Modicon and Theovent interaction
-* Modicon and Uniphyl interaction
-* N.E.E. and Aerolate interaction
-* N.E.E. and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* N.E.E. and Asmalix interaction
-* N.E.E. and Bronkodyl interaction
-* N.E.E. and Elixomin interaction
-* N.E.E. and Elixophyllin interaction
-* N.E.E. and Quibron-T interaction
-* N.E.E. and Respbid interaction
-* N.E.E. and Slo-bid interaction
-* N.E.E. and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* N.E.E. and T-Phyl interaction
-* N.E.E. and Theo-24 interaction
-* N.E.E. and Theo-Dur interaction
-* N.E.E. and Theo-X interaction
-* N.E.E. and Theobid interaction
-* N.E.E. and Theochron interaction
-* N.E.E. and Theoclear interaction
-* N.E.E. and Theolair interaction
-* N.E.E. and Theovent interaction
-* N.E.E. and Uniphyl interaction
-* Nabumetone and Lithium interaction
-* Naprelan and Warfarin interaction
-* Naproxen and Warfarin interaction
-* Nelova and Aerolate interaction
-* Nelova and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Nelova and Asmalix interaction
-* Nelova and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Nelova and Elixomin interaction
-* Nelova and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Nelova and Quibron-T interaction
-* Nelova and Respbid interaction
-* Nelova and Slo-bid interaction
-* Nelova and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Nelova and T-Phyl interaction
-* Nelova and Theo-24 interaction
-* Nelova and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Nelova and Theo-X interaction
-* Nelova and Theobid interaction
-* Nelova and Theochron interaction
-* Nelova and Theoclear interaction
-* Nelova and Theolair interaction
-* Nelova and Theovent interaction
-* Nelova and Uniphyl interaction
-* Nordette and Aerolate interaction
-* Nordette and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Nordette and Asmalix interaction
-* Nordette and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Nordette and Elixomin interaction
-* Nordette and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Nordette and Quibron-T interaction
-* Nordette and Respbid interaction
-* Nordette and Slo-bid interaction
-* Nordette and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Nordette and T-Phyl interaction
-* Nordette and Theo-24 interaction
-* Nordette and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Nordette and Theo-X interaction
-* Nordette and Theobid interaction
-* Nordette and Theochron interaction
-* Nordette and Theoclear interaction
-* Nordette and Theolair interaction
-* Nordette and Theovent interaction
-* Nordette and Uniphyl interaction
-* Norethin and Aerolate interaction
-* Norethin and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Norethin and Asmalix interaction
-* Norethin and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Norethin and Elixomin interaction
-* Norethin and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Norethin and Quibron-T interaction
-* Norethin and Respbid interaction
-* Norethin and Slo-bid interaction
-* Norethin and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Norethin and T-Phyl interaction
-* Norethin and Theo-24 interaction
-* Norethin and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Norethin and Theo-X interaction
-* Norethin and Theobid interaction
-* Norethin and Theochron interaction
-* Norethin and Theoclear interaction
-* Norethin and Theolair interaction
-* Norethin and Theovent interaction
-* Norethin and Uniphyl interaction
-* Noriestrin and Aerolate interaction
-* Noriestrin and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Noriestrin and Asmalix interaction
-* Noriestrin and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Noriestrin and Elixomin interaction
-* Noriestrin and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Noriestrin and Quibron-T interaction
-* Noriestrin and Respbid interaction
-* Noriestrin and Slo-bid interaction
-* Noriestrin and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Noriestrin and T-Phyl interaction
-* Noriestrin and Theo-24 interaction
-* Noriestrin and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Noriestrin and Theo-X interaction
-* Noriestrin and Theobid interaction
-* Noriestrin and Theochron interaction
-* Noriestrin and Theoclear interaction
-* Noriestrin and Theolair interaction
-* Noriestrin and Theovent interaction
-* Noriestrin and Uniphyl interaction
-* Norinyl and Aerolate interaction
-* Norinyl and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Norinyl and Asmalix interaction
-* Norinyl and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Norinyl and Elixomin interaction
-* Norinyl and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Norinyl and Quibron-T interaction
-* Norinyl and Respbid interaction
-* Norinyl and Slo-bid interaction
-* Norinyl and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Norinyl and T-Phyl interaction
-* Norinyl and Theo-24 interaction
-* Norinyl and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Norinyl and Theo-X interaction
-* Norinyl and Theobid interaction
-* Norinyl and Theochron interaction
-* Norinyl and Theoclear interaction
-* Norinyl and Theolair interaction
-* Norinyl and Theovent interaction
-* Norinyl and Uniphyl interaction
-* Noritate and Lithium interaction
-* Noroxin (Norfloxacin) and Aerolate interaction
-* Noroxin (Norfloxacin) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Noroxin (Norfloxacin) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Noroxin (Norfloxacin) and Elixomin interaction
-* Noroxin (Norfloxacin) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Noroxin (Norfloxacin) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Noroxin (Norfloxacin) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Noroxin (Norfloxacin) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Noroxin (Norfloxacin) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Noroxin (Norfloxacin) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Noroxin (Norfloxacin) and Theobid interaction
-* Noroxin (Norfloxacin) and Theochron interaction
-* Noroxin (Norfloxacin) and Theoclear interaction
-* Noroxin (Norfloxacin) and Theolair interaction
-* Noroxin (Norfloxacin) and Theovent interaction
-* Noroxin (Norfloxacin) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Novo-Alprazol and Digoxin interaction
-* Novo-Alprazol and Lanoxin interaction
-* Novo-Difenac and Lithium interaction
-* Novo-Misoprostol and Magnesium-containing Antacid interaction
-* Novo-Nabumetone and Lithium interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Aerolate interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Asmilix interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Elixomin interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Quibron-T interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Respbid interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Slo-bid interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Novo-Purol and T-Phyl interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Theo-24 interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Theo-X interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Theobid interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Theochron interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Theoclear interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Theolair interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Theophylline interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Theovent interaction
-* Novo-Purol and Uniphyl interaction
-* Novo-Rythro and Comtan interaction
-* Novo-Rythro and Entacapone interaction
-* Novo-Sundac and Lithium interaction
-* Nu-Alpraz and Digoxin interaction
-* Nu-Alpraz and Lanoxin interaction
-* Nu-Diclo and Lithium interaction
-* Nu-Nabumetone and Lithium interaction
-* Octamide and Aloe interaction
-* Octamide and Cascara interaction
-* Octamide and Senna interaction
-* Oretic and Lithium interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Aerolate interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Asmalix interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Elixomin interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Quibron-T interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Respbid interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Slo-bid interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and T-Phyl interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Theo-24 interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Theo-X interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Theobid interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Theochron interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Theoclear interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Theolair interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Theovent interaction
-* Ortho-Cyclen and Uniphyl interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Aerolate interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Asmalix interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Elixomin interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Quibron-T interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Respbid interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Slo-bid interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and T-Phyl interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Theo-24 interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Theo-X interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Theobid interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Theochron interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Theoclear interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Theolair interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Theovent interaction
-* Ortho-Novum and Uniphyl interaction
-* Ovcon and Aerolate interaction
-* Ovcon and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Ovcon and Asmalix interaction
-* Ovcon and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Ovcon and Elixomin interaction
-* Ovcon and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Ovcon and Quibron-T interaction
-* Ovcon and Respbid interaction
-* Ovcon and Slo-bid interaction
-* Ovcon and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Ovcon and T-Phyl interaction
-* Ovcon and Theo-24 interaction
-* Ovcon and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Ovcon and Theo-X interaction
-* Ovcon and Theobid interaction
-* Ovcon and Theochron interaction
-* Ovcon and Theoclear interaction
-* Ovcon and Theolair interaction
-* Ovcon and Theovent interaction
-* Ovcon and Uniphyl interaction
-* Ovral and Aerolate interaction
-* Ovral and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Ovral and Asmalix interaction
-* Ovral and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Ovral and Elixomin interaction
-* Ovral and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Ovral and Quibron-T interaction
-* Ovral and Respbid interaction
-* Ovral and Slo-bid interaction
-* Ovral and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Ovral and T-Phyl interaction
-* Ovral and Theo-24 interaction
-* Ovral and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Ovral and Theo-X interaction
-* Ovral and Theobid interaction
-* Ovral and Theochron interaction
-* Ovral and Theoclear interaction
-* Ovral and Theolair interaction
-* Ovral and Theovent interaction
-* Ovral and Uniphyl interaction
-* Paxil (Paroxetine) and Eldepryl (Selegiline) interaction
-* Paxil (Paroxetine) and Marplan (Isocarboxazid) interaction
-* Paxil (Paroxetine) and Nardil (Phenelzine) interaction
-* Paxil (Paroxetine) and Parnate (Tranycypromine) interaction
-* PCE (Erythromycin) and Aerolate interaction
-* PCE (Erythromycin) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* PCE (Erythromycin) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* PCE (Erythromycin) and Elixomin interaction
-* PCE (Erythromycin) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* PCE (Erythromycin) and Quibron-T interaction
-* PCE (Erythromycin) and Slo-bid interaction
-* PCE (Erythromycin) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* PCE (Erythromycin) and Theo-24 interaction
-* PCE (Erythromycin) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* PCE (Erythromycin) and Theobid interaction
-* PCE (Erythromycin) and Theochron interaction
-* PCE (Erythromycin) and Theoclear interaction
-* PCE (Erythromycin) and Theolair interaction
-* PCE (Erythromycin) and Theovent interaction
-* PCE (Erythromycin) and Uniphyl interaction
-* PCE and Comtan interaction
-* PCE and Entacapone interaction
-* Pediamycin and Comtan interaction
-* Pediamycin and Entacapone interaction
-* Pediazole (Erythromycin) and Aerolate interaction
-* Pediazole (Erythromycin) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Pediazole (Erythromycin) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Pediazole (Erythromycin) and Elixomin interaction
-* Pediazole (Erythromycin) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Pediazole (Erythromycin) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Pediazole (Erythromycin) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Pediazole (Erythromycin) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Pediazole (Erythromycin) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Pediazole (Erythromycin) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Pediazole (Erythromycin) and Theobid interaction
-* Pediazole (Erythromycin) and Theochron interaction
-* Pediazole (Erythromycin) and Theoclear interaction
-* Pediazole (Erythromycin) and Theolair interaction
-* Pediazole (Erythromycin) and Theovent interaction
-* Pediazole (Erythromycin) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Pediazole and Comtan interaction
-* Pediazole and Entacapone interaction
-* Penetrex (Enoxacin) and Aerolate interaction
-* Penetrex (Enoxacin) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Penetrex (Enoxacin) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Penetrex (Enoxacin) and Elixomin interaction
-* Penetrex (Enoxacin) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Penetrex (Enoxacin) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Penetrex (Enoxacin) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Penetrex (Enoxacin) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Penetrex (Enoxacin) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Penetrex (Enoxacin) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Penetrex (Enoxacin) and Theobid interaction
-* Penetrex (Enoxacin) and Theochron interaction
-* Penetrex (Enoxacin) and Theoclear interaction
-* Penetrex (Enoxacin) and Theolair interaction
-* Penetrex (Enoxacin) and Theovent interaction
-* Penetrex (Enoxacin) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Piroxicam and Lithium interaction
-* Plavix and Alendronate interaction
-* Plavix and Fosamax interaction
-* PMS-Erythromycin and Comtan interaction
-* PMS-Erythromycin and Entacapone interaction
-* PMS-Nabumetone and Lithium interaction
-* Prevpac and Comtan interaction
-* Prevpac and Entacapone interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Aerolate interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Asmalix interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Cardioquin (Quinidine) interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Elixomin interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Quinaglute (Quinidine) interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Quinidex (Quinidine) interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Quinora (Quinidine) interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Respbid interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and T-Phyl interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Theo-X interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Theobid interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Theochron interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Theoclear interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Theolair interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Theovent interaction
-* Procardia (Nifedipine) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Protostat and Lithium interaction
-* Prozac (Fluoxetine) and Eldepryl (Selegiline) interaction
-* Prozac (Fluoxetine) and Marplan (Isocarboxazid) interaction
-* Prozac (Fluoxetine) and Nardil (Phenelzine) interaction
-* Prozac (Fluoxetine) and Parnate (Tranycypromine) interaction
-* Purinol and Aerolate interaction
-* Purinol and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Purinol and Asmilix interaction
-* Purinol and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Purinol and Elixomin interaction
-* Purinol and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Purinol and Quibron-T interaction
-* Purinol and Respbid interaction
-* Purinol and Slo-bid interaction
-* Purinol and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Purinol and T-Phyl interaction
-* Purinol and Theo-24 interaction
-* Purinol and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Purinol and Theo-X interaction
-* Purinol and Theobid interaction
-* Purinol and Theochron interaction
-* Purinol and Theoclear interaction
-* Purinol and Theolair interaction
-* Purinol and Theophylline interaction
-* Purinol and Theovent interaction
-* Purinol and Uniphyl interaction
-* Quinapril Hydrochloride and Lithium interaction
-* Ramipril and Lithium interaction
-* Reclomide and Aloe interaction
-* Reclomide and Cascara interaction
-* Reclomide and Senna interaction
-* Reglan and Aloe interaction
-* Reglan and Cascara interaction
-* Reglan and Senna interaction
-* Relafen and Lithium interaction
-* Rheumatrex and Advil (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Rheumatrex and Aleve (Naproxen) interaction
-* Rheumatrex and Ansaid (Flurbiprofen) interaction
-* Rheumatrex and Aspirin interaction
-* Rheumatrex and Bactrim interaction
-* Rheumatrex and Cotrim interaction
-* Rheumatrex and Indocin (Indomethacin) interaction
-* Rheumatrex and Lodine (Etodolac) interaction
-* Rheumatrex and Motrin (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Rheumatrex and Naprosyn (Naproxen) interaction
-* Rheumatrex and Nuprin (Ibuprofen) interaction
-* Rheumatrex and Relafen (Nabumetone) interaction
-* Rheumatrex and Septra interaction
-* Rheumatrex and SMZ-TMP interaction
-* Rheumatrex and Sulfatrim interaction
-* Rheumatrex and Toradol (Ketorolac) interaction
-* Rheumatrex and Uroplus interaction
-* Ritalin and Dilantin interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Aerolate interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Asmilix interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Elixomin interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Quibron-T interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Respbid interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Slo-bid interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and T-Phyl interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Theo-24 interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Theo-X interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Theobid interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Theochron interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Theoclear interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Theolair interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Theophylline interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Theovent interaction
-* Riva-Purinol and Uniphyl interaction
-* Robimycin and Comtan interaction
-* Robimycin and Entacapone interaction
-* Rofecoxib and Alendronate interaction
-* Rofecoxib and Fosamax interaction
-* Sams-Acne and Comtan interaction
-* Sams-Acne and Entacapone interaction
-* SK-Erythromycin and Comtan interaction
-* SK-Erythromycin and Entacapone interaction
-* Staticin and Comtan interaction
-* Staticin and Entacapone interaction
-* Stievamycin and Comtan interaction
-* Stievamycin and Entacapone interaction
-* Sulindac and Lithium interaction
-* T-Stat and Comtan interaction
-* T-Stat and Entacapone interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Aerolate interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Asmalix interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Elixomin interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Respbid interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and T-Phyl interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Theo-X interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Theobid interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Theochron interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Theoclear interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Theolair interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Theovent interaction
-* Tagamet (Cimetidine) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Tao (Troleandomycin) and Aerolate interaction
-* Tao (Troleandomycin) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Tao (Troleandomycin) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Tao (Troleandomycin) and Elixomin interaction
-* Tao (Troleandomycin) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Tao (Troleandomycin) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Tao (Troleandomycin) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Tao (Troleandomycin) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Tao (Troleandomycin) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Tao (Troleandomycin) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Tao (Troleandomycin) and Theobid interaction
-* Tao (Troleandomycin) and Theochron interaction
-* Tao (Troleandomycin) and Theoclear interaction
-* Tao (Troleandomycin) and Theolair interaction
-* Tao (Troleandomycin) and Theovent interaction
-* Tao (Troleandomycin) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Aerolate interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Asmalix interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Cibalith-S interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Elixomin interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Eskalith interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Lithane interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Lithobid interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Lithonate interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Lithotabs interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Respbid interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and T-Phyl interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Theo-X interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Theobid interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Theochron interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Theoclear interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Theolair interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Theovent interaction
-* Tegretol (Carbamazepine) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Tegretol and Lithium interaction
-* Thalitone and Lithium interaction
-* Theophylline and Allopurinol interaction
-* Theophylline and Cefaclor interaction
-* Theophylline and Fluvoxamine interaction
-* Theophylline and Pyrantel Pamoate interaction
-* Theophylline and Ticlopidine interaction
-* Theophylline and Verapamil interaction
-* Timoptic (Timolol) and Aerolate interaction
-* Timoptic (Timolol) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Timoptic (Timolol) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Timoptic (Timolol) and Elixomin interaction
-* Timoptic (Timolol) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Timoptic (Timolol) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Timoptic (Timolol) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Timoptic (Timolol) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Timoptic (Timolol) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Timoptic (Timolol) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Timoptic (Timolol) and Theobid interaction
-* Timoptic (Timolol) and Theochron interaction
-* Timoptic (Timolol) and Theoclear interaction
-* Timoptic (Timolol) and Theolair interaction
-* Timoptic (Timolol) and Theovent interaction
-* Timoptic (Timolol) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Tolectin 600 and Lithium interaction
-* Tolectin and Lithium interaction
-* Tolectin DS and Lithium interaction
-* Tolmetin and Lithium interaction
-* Toradol and Lithium interaction
-* Triamterene and Hydrochlorothiazide and Lithium interaction
-* Triphasil and Aerolate interaction
-* Triphasil and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Triphasil and Asmalix interaction
-* Triphasil and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Triphasil and Elixomin interaction
-* Triphasil and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Triphasil and Quibron-T interaction
-* Triphasil and Respbid interaction
-* Triphasil and Slo-bid interaction
-* Triphasil and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Triphasil and T-Phyl interaction
-* Triphasil and Theo-24 interaction
-* Triphasil and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Triphasil and Theo-X interaction
-* Triphasil and Theobid interaction
-* Triphasil and Theochron interaction
-* Triphasil and Theoclear interaction
-* Triphasil and Theolair interaction
-* Triphasil and Theovent interaction
-* Triphasil and Uniphyl interaction
-* Valdecoxib and Alendronate interaction
-* Valdecoxib and Fosamax interaction
-* Vasotec and Lithium interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Aerolate interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Asmalix interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Cardioquin (Quinidine) interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Elixomin interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Quinaglute (Quinidine) interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Quinidex (Quinidine) interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Quinora (Quinidine) interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Respbid interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and T-Phyl interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Theo-X interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Theobid interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Theochron interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Theoclear interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Theolair interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Theovent interaction
-* Verelan (Verapamil) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Vioxx and Alendronate interaction
-* Vioxx and Fosamax interaction
-* Visken (Pindolol) and Aerolate interaction
-* Visken (Pindolol) and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Visken (Pindolol) and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Visken (Pindolol) and Elixomin interaction
-* Visken (Pindolol) and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Visken (Pindolol) and Quibron-T interaction
-* Visken (Pindolol) and Slo-bid interaction
-* Visken (Pindolol) and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Visken (Pindolol) and Theo-24 interaction
-* Visken (Pindolol) and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Visken (Pindolol) and Theobid interaction
-* Visken (Pindolol) and Theochron interaction
-* Visken (Pindolol) and Theoclear interaction
-* Visken (Pindolol) and Theolair interaction
-* Visken (Pindolol) and Theovent interaction
-* Visken (Pindolol) and Uniphyl interaction
-* Vitrasert and Didanosine interaction
-* Vitrasert and Videx interaction
-* Volataren Indomethacin and Lithium interaction
-* Voltaren and Lithium interaction
-* Voltaren Ophthalmic and Lithium interaction
-* Voltaren SR and Lithium interaction
-* Wyamycin E and Comtan interaction
-* Wyamycin E and Entacapone interaction
-* Wyamycin S and Comtan interaction
-* Wyamycin S and Entacapone interaction
-* Xanax and Digoxin interaction
-* Xanax and Lanoxin interaction
-* Zaroxolyn and Lithium interaction
-* Zithromax and Comtan interaction
-* Zithromax and Entacapone interaction
-* Zoloft (Sertraline) and Eldepryl (Selegiline) interaction
-* Zoloft (Sertraline) and Marplan (Isocarboxazid) interaction
-* Zoloft (Sertraline) and Nardil (Phenelzine) interaction
-* Zoloft (Sertraline) and Parnate (Tranycypromine) interaction
-* Zurinol and Aerolate interaction
-* Zurinol and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Zurinol and Asmilix interaction
-* Zurinol and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Zurinol and Elixomin interaction
-* Zurinol and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Zurinol and Quibron-T interaction
-* Zurinol and Respbid interaction
-* Zurinol and Slo-bid interaction
-* Zurinol and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Zurinol and T-Phyl interaction
-* Zurinol and Theo-24 interaction
-* Zurinol and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Zurinol and Theo-X interaction
-* Zurinol and Theobid interaction
-* Zurinol and Theochron interaction
-* Zurinol and Theoclear interaction
-* Zurinol and Theolair interaction
-* Zurinol and Theophylline interaction
-* Zurinol and Theovent interaction
-* Zurinol and Uniphyl interaction
-* Zyloprim and Aerolate interaction
-* Zyloprim and Aquaphyllin interaction
-* Zyloprim and Asmilix interaction
-* Zyloprim and Bronkodyl interaction
-* Zyloprim and Elixomin interaction
-* Zyloprim and Elixophyllin interaction
-* Zyloprim and Quibron-T interaction
-* Zyloprim and Respbid interaction
-* Zyloprim and Slo-bid interaction
-* Zyloprim and Slo-Phyllin interaction
-* Zyloprim and T-Phyl interaction
-* Zyloprim and Theo-24 interaction
-* Zyloprim and Theo-Dur interaction
-* Zyloprim and Theo-X interaction
-* Zyloprim and Theobid interaction
-* Zyloprim and Theochron interaction
-* Zyloprim and Theoclear interaction
-* Zyloprim and Theolair interaction
-* Zyloprim and Theophylline interaction
-* Zyloprim and Theovent interaction
-* Zyloprim and Uniphyl interaction
-{{Refend}}
 ==References==
-{{Refbegin|2}}
+{{Reflist|2}}
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-* Bellemare S, Hartling L, Wiebe N, et al. Oral rehydration versus intravenous therapy for treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMC Med. Apr 15 2004;2:11.
-* Bharucha AE, Zinsmeister AR, Locke GR, et al. Risk factors for fecal incontinence: A population-based study in women. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:1305-12.
-* Bryce J, Boschi-Pinto C, Shibuya K, Black RE,. WHO estimates of the causes of death in children. Lancet. Mar 26-Apr 1 2005;365(9465):1147-52.
-* Charles MD, Holman RC, Curns AT, et al. Hospitalizations associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis in the United States, 1993-2002. Pediatr Infect Dis J. Jun 2006;25(6):489-93.
-* Chassany O, Michaux A, Bergmann JF. Drug-induced diarrhoea. Drug Saf 2000;22:53-72.
-* Claessens AA, Heerdink ER, van Eijk JT, et al. Characteristics of diarrhea in 10,008 users of lansoprazole in daily practice: Which co-factors contribute? Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2002;11:703-8.
-* Coffin SE, Elser J, Marchant C, et al. Impact of acute rotavirus gastroenteritis on pediatric outpatient practices in the United States. Pediatr Infect Dis J. Jul 2006;25(7):584-9.
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-* Dial S, Alrasadi K, Manoukian C, et al. Risk of Clostridium difficile diarrhea among hospital inpatients prescribed proton pump inhibitors: Cohort and case-control studies. CMAJ 2004;171:33-8.
-* Dial S, Delaney JA, Barkun AN, et al. Use of gastric acid-suppressive agents and the risk of community-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated disease. JAMA 2005;294:2989-95.
-* Durk T, Panther E, Muller T, et al. 5-hydroxytryptamine modulates cytokine and chemokine production in LPS primed human monocytes via stimulation of different 5-HTR subtypes. Int Immunol 2005;17:500-606.
-* Faruque ASG, Malek MA, Khan AI, et al. Diarrhoea in elderly people: Aetiology and clinical characteristics. Scand J Infect Dis 2004;36:204-8.
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-* Gangarosa RE, Glass RI, Lew JF, et al. Hospitalizations involving gastroenteritis in the United States, 1985: The special burden of the disease among the elderly. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:281-90.
-* Girard MP, Steele D, Chaignat CL, Kieny MP. A review of vaccine research and development: human enteric infections. Vaccine. Apr 5 2006;24(15):2732-50.
-* Gorard DA, Libby GW, Farthing MJG. 5-hydroxytryptamine and human small intestinal motility: Effect of inhibiting 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake. Gut 1994; 35:496-500.
-* Guandalini S, Dincer AP. Nutritional management in diarrhoeal disease. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol. Dec 1998;12(4):697-717.
-* Guandalini S, Kahn S. Acute diarrhea. In: Walker A, Goulet O, Kleinman J, et al eds. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease. Vol 1. Ontario, Canada: Brian C. Decker; 2008:252-64/Chapter 15.
-* Guandalini S. Probiotics for children with diarrhea: an update. J Clin Gastroenterol. Jul 2008;42 Suppl 2:S53-7.
-* Guandalini S. Treatment of acute diarrhea in the new millennium. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. May 2000;30(5):486-9.
-* Guarino A, Albano F, Ashkenazi S, et al. European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition/European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute gastroenteritis in children in Europe: executive summary. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. May 2008;46(5):619-21.
-* Herikstad H, Yang S, Van Gilder TJ, et al. A population-based estimate of the burden of diarrhoeal illness in the United States: FoodNet, 1996-7. Epidemiol Infect 2002;129:9-17.
-* Holt PR. Diarrhoea and malabsorption in the elderly. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2001;30:427-44.
-* Katz S, Downs TD, Cash HR, et al. Progress in the development of an index of ADL. Gerontologist 1970;10:20-30.
-* King CK, Glass R, Bresee JS, Duggan C. Managing acute gastroenteritis among children: oral rehydration, maintenance, and nutritional therapy. MMWR Recomm Rep. Nov 21 2003;52:1-16.
-* Kruszka PS, Hall LW Clinical inquiries. What is the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea in immunocompetent patients? The Journal of family practice volume=51 issue=3, 212, 2002 PMID 11978230
-* Kuusi M, Aavitsland P, Gondrosen B, et al. Incidence of gastroenteritis in Norway -- a population based survey. Epidemiol Infect 2003;131:591-7.
-* L'informatore farmaceutico 2002. OEMF International, Milano 2002. Guidelines for ATC classification. NLN publication no.16. Uppsala : Nordic Council on Medicines.
-* Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 1969;9:179-86.
-* Lew JF, Glass RI, Gangarosa RE, et al. Diarrheal deaths in the United States, 1979 through 1987. A special problem for the elderly. JAMA 1991;265:3280-4.
-* Longstreth GF, Thompson WG, Chey WD, et al. Functional bowel disorders. Gastroenterology 2006;130: 1480-91.
-* McFarland LV. Epidemiology, risk factors and treatments for antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Dig Dis 1998;16:292-307.
-* McInnes GT, Lawson DH, Jick H. Acute adverse reactions attributed to allopurinol in hospitalized patients. Ann Rheum Dis 1981;40:245-9.
-* Minami M, Taguchi S, Kikuchi T, et al. Effects of fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on serotonin release from the mouse isolated ileum. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 2003;113-4:115-31.
-* O'Keefe EA, Talley NJ, Zinsmeister AR, et al. Bowel disorders impair functional status and quality of life in the elderly: A population-based study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1995;50:M184-9.
-* Pilotto A, Franceschi M, Vitale D, et al. for the FIRI and SOFIA Project Investigators. Drug use by the elderly in general practice: Effects on upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2006;62:65-73.
-* Pilotto A, Franceschi M, Vitale DF, et al. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms and therapies in elderly out-patients, users of non-selective NSAIDs or coxibs. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22:147-55.
-* Price A B. Pathology of drug-associated gastrointestinal disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003;56:477-82.
-* Ratnaike RN, Jones TE. Mechanisms of drug-induced diarrhoea in the elderly. Drugs Aging 1998;13:245-53.
-* Ratnaike RN. Diarrhea in old age. In: Pilotto A, Malfertheiner P, Holt P, eds. Aging and the gastrointestinal tract. Interdiscipl Top Gerontol. Basel , Switzerland : Karger, 2003;32:187-99.
-* Ruiz-Palacios GM, Perez-Schael I, Velazquez FR, et al. Safety and efficacy of an attenuated vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. N Engl J Med. Jan 5 2006;354(1):11-22.
-* Sandhu BK, Isolauri E, Walker-Smith JA, et al. A multicentre study on behalf of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Working Group on Acute Diarrhoea. Early feeding in childhood gastroenteritis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. May 1997;24(5):522-7.
-* Scallan E, Majowicz SE, Hall G, et al. Prevalence of diarrhoea in the community in Australia, Canada, Ireland, and the United States. Int J Epidemiol 2005;34:454-60.
-* Sullivan PB. Nutritional management of acute diarrhea. Nutrition. Oct 1998;14(10):758-62.
-* Svedlund J, Sjodin I, Dotevall G. GSRS -- a clinical rating scale for gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcer disease. Dig Dis Sci 1988;33:129-34.
-*  Talley NJ, O'Keefe EA, Zinsmeister AR, et al. Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in the elderly: A population-based study. Gastroenterology 1992;102:895-901.
-* Thomas VS, Rockwood K, McDowell I. Multidimensionality in instrumental and basic activities of daily living. J Clin Epidemiol 1998; 51:315-21.
-* Thomson RD, Lestina LS, Bensen SP, et al. Lansoprazole-associated microscopic colitis: A case series. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:2908-13.
-* Trincale E, Menon D, Topfer LA, et al. Adverse effects associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants: A meta-analysis. CMAJ 1998;159:1245-52.
-* Vernacchio L, Vezina RM, Mitchell AA, Lesko SM, Plaut AG, Acheson DW. Diarrhea in American infants and young children in the community setting: incidence, clinical presentation and microbiology. Pediatr Infect Dis J. Jan 2006;25(1):2-7.
-* Walker-Smith JA, Sandhu BK, Isolauri E, et al. Guidelines prepared by the ESPGAN Working Group on Acute Diarrhoea. Recommendations for feeding in childhood gastroenteritis. European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. May 1997;24(5):619-20.
-{{refend}}
-==See Also==
-* [[Diarrhea]]
-* [[Acute gastroenteritis]]
-* [[Gastroenteritis]]
-* [[Shigellosis]]
-==External Links==
-* [http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/diarrhea/#cause The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)]
-{{SIB}}
-{{Gastroenterology}}
+[[Category:Medicine]]
 [[Category:Gastroenterology]]
-[[Category:Water-borne diseases]]
+[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
-[[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]
-[[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]]
-[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
-[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
-{{WH}}
-{{WS}}