Diseases of immune dysregulation: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Immune dysregulation involves a variety of subcategories including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, EBV-related dysregulation, and autoimmunity.


==Classification==
==Classification==
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==Chediak Higashi Syndrome==
==Chediak Higashi Syndrome==
* Chediak Higashi syndrome is caused by [[homozygous]] or compound heterogenous [[autosomal recessive]] [[mutation]] in the [[Lysosome|lysosomal]] trafficking [[gene]] (LYST) on [[chromosome]] 1q42.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[Chediak Higashi syndrome]] is caused by [[homozygous]] or compound heterogenous [[autosomal recessive]] [[mutation]] in the [[Lysosome|lysosomal]] trafficking [[gene]] (LYST) on [[chromosome 1|chromosome1q42]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[M. D. Barbosa]], [[Q. A. Nguyen]], [[V. T. Tchernev]], [[J. A. Ashley]], [[J. C. Detter]], [[S. M. Blaydes]], [[S. J. Brandt]], [[D. Chotai]], [[C. Hodgman]], [[R. C. Solari]], [[M. Lovett]] & [[S. F. Kingsmore]]
  | author = [[M. D. Barbosa]], [[Q. A. Nguyen]], [[V. T. Tchernev]], [[J. A. Ashley]], [[J. C. Detter]], [[S. M. Blaydes]], [[S. J. Brandt]], [[D. Chotai]], [[C. Hodgman]], [[R. C. Solari]], [[M. Lovett]] & [[S. F. Kingsmore]]
  | title = Identification of the homologous beige and Chediak-Higashi syndrome genes
  | title = Identification of the homologous beige and Chediak-Higashi syndrome genes
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  | pmid = 24678334
  | pmid = 24678334
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* It is characterized by [[Albinism|partial albinism]], [[immunodeficiency]], [[organomegaly]] and accelerated phases which includes hemophagocytosis, [[pancytopenia]] and neurological deterioration.<ref>{{Cite journal
* It is characterized by [[Albinism|partial albinism]], [[immunodeficiency]], [[organomegaly]] and accelerated phases which includes [[hemophagocytosis]], [[pancytopenia]] and [[neurological deterioration]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[I. P. Meschede]], [[T. O. Santos]], [[T. C. Izidoro-Toledo]], [[J. Gurgel-Gianetti]] & [[E. M. Espreafico]]
  | author = [[I. P. Meschede]], [[T. O. Santos]], [[T. C. Izidoro-Toledo]], [[J. Gurgel-Gianetti]] & [[E. M. Espreafico]]
  | title = Griscelli syndrome-type 2 in twin siblings: case report and update on RAB27A human mutations and gene structure
  | title = Griscelli syndrome-type 2 in twin siblings: case report and update on RAB27A human mutations and gene structure
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==Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome type 2==
==Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome type 2==
* Hermansky pudlak syndrome type 2 is caused by homozygous or compound heterogenous [[autosomal recessive]] mutation in the gene encoding the beta-3A subunit of AP3 complex (AP3B1) on chromosome 5q14.<ref name="Jung2006">{{cite journal|last1=Jung|first1=J.|title=Identification of a homozygous deletion in the AP3B1 gene causing Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, type 2|journal=Blood|volume=108|issue=1|year=2006|pages=362–369|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2005-11-4377}}</ref>
* Hermansky pudlak syndrome type 2 is caused by [[homozygous]] or compound [[heterogenous]] [[autosomal recessive]] mutation in the gene encoding the beta-3A subunit of AP3 complex (AP3B1) on [[chromosome]] 5q14.<ref name="Jung2006">{{cite journal|last1=Jung|first1=J.|title=Identification of a homozygous deletion in the AP3B1 gene causing Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, type 2|journal=Blood|volume=108|issue=1|year=2006|pages=362–369|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2005-11-4377}}</ref>
* It is characterized by platelet defects, oculocutaneous albinism, immunodeficiency, congenital neutropenia and pulmonary fibrosis.<ref name="Jung2006">{{cite journal|last1=Jung|first1=J.|title=Identification of a homozygous deletion in the AP3B1 gene causing Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, type 2|journal=Blood|volume=108|issue=1|year=2006|pages=362–369|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2005-11-4377}}</ref>
* It is characterized by [[platelet]] defects, oculocutaneous [[albinism]], [[immunodeficiency]], [[congenital]] [[neutropenia]] and [[pulmonary fibrosis]].<ref name="Jung2006">{{cite journal|last1=Jung|first1=J.|title=Identification of a homozygous deletion in the AP3B1 gene causing Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, type 2|journal=Blood|volume=108|issue=1|year=2006|pages=362–369|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2005-11-4377}}</ref>
* Treatment includes chronic antibiotic therapy and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) because of netropenia and management of complications as they arise.<ref name="HengstNaehrlich2018">{{cite journal|last1=Hengst|first1=Meike|last2=Naehrlich|first2=Lutz|last3=Mahavadi|first3=Poornima|last4=Grosse-Onnebrink|first4=Joerg|last5=Terheggen-Lagro|first5=Suzanne|last6=Skanke|first6=Lars Høsøien|last7=Schuch|first7=Luise A.|last8=Brasch|first8=Frank|last9=Guenther|first9=Andreas|last10=Reu|first10=Simone|last11=Ley-Zaporozhan|first11=Julia|last12=Griese|first12=Matthias|title=Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2 manifests with fibrosing lung disease early in childhood|journal=Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases|volume=13|issue=1|year=2018|issn=1750-1172|doi=10.1186/s13023-018-0780-z}}</ref>
* Treatment includes chronic [[antibiotic]] [[therapy]] and [[granulocyte colony stimulating factor|granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)]] because of [[neutropenia]] and management of complications as they arise.<ref name="HengstNaehrlich2018">{{cite journal|last1=Hengst|first1=Meike|last2=Naehrlich|first2=Lutz|last3=Mahavadi|first3=Poornima|last4=Grosse-Onnebrink|first4=Joerg|last5=Terheggen-Lagro|first5=Suzanne|last6=Skanke|first6=Lars Høsøien|last7=Schuch|first7=Luise A.|last8=Brasch|first8=Frank|last9=Guenther|first9=Andreas|last10=Reu|first10=Simone|last11=Ley-Zaporozhan|first11=Julia|last12=Griese|first12=Matthias|title=Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2 manifests with fibrosing lung disease early in childhood|journal=Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases|volume=13|issue=1|year=2018|issn=1750-1172|doi=10.1186/s13023-018-0780-z}}</ref>


== Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome type 10==
== Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome type 10==
* Hermansky pudlak syndrome type 10 is caused by an autosomal recessive mutation in AP3D1 gene on chromosome 19p13.<ref name="AmmannSchulz2016">{{cite journal|last1=Ammann|first1=S.|last2=Schulz|first2=A.|last3=Krageloh-Mann|first3=I.|last4=Dieckmann|first4=N. M. G.|last5=Niethammer|first5=K.|last6=Fuchs|first6=S.|last7=Eckl|first7=K. M.|last8=Plank|first8=R.|last9=Werner|first9=R.|last10=Altmuller|first10=J.|last11=Thiele|first11=H.|last12=Nurnberg|first12=P.|last13=Bank|first13=J.|last14=Strauss|first14=A.|last15=von Bernuth|first15=H.|last16=zur Stadt|first16=U.|last17=Grieve|first17=S.|last18=Griffiths|first18=G. M.|last19=Lehmberg|first19=K.|last20=Hennies|first20=H. C.|last21=Ehl|first21=S.|title=Mutations in AP3D1 associated with immunodeficiency and seizures define a new type of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome|journal=Blood|volume=127|issue=8|year=2016|pages=997–1006|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2015-09-671636}}</ref>
* [[Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome|Hermansky pudlak syndrome type 10]] is caused by an [[autosomal recessive]] [[mutation]] in AP3D1 [[gene]] on [[chromosome 19|chromosome 19p13]].<ref name="AmmannSchulz2016">{{cite journal|last1=Ammann|first1=S.|last2=Schulz|first2=A.|last3=Krageloh-Mann|first3=I.|last4=Dieckmann|first4=N. M. G.|last5=Niethammer|first5=K.|last6=Fuchs|first6=S.|last7=Eckl|first7=K. M.|last8=Plank|first8=R.|last9=Werner|first9=R.|last10=Altmuller|first10=J.|last11=Thiele|first11=H.|last12=Nurnberg|first12=P.|last13=Bank|first13=J.|last14=Strauss|first14=A.|last15=von Bernuth|first15=H.|last16=zur Stadt|first16=U.|last17=Grieve|first17=S.|last18=Griffiths|first18=G. M.|last19=Lehmberg|first19=K.|last20=Hennies|first20=H. C.|last21=Ehl|first21=S.|title=Mutations in AP3D1 associated with immunodeficiency and seizures define a new type of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome|journal=Blood|volume=127|issue=8|year=2016|pages=997–1006|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2015-09-671636}}</ref>
* It is characterized by immunodeficiency, oculocutaneous albinism and severe neurological impairment including severely delayed global development and intractable seizures.<ref name="AmmannSchulz2016">{{cite journal|last1=Ammann|first1=S.|last2=Schulz|first2=A.|last3=Krageloh-Mann|first3=I.|last4=Dieckmann|first4=N. M. G.|last5=Niethammer|first5=K.|last6=Fuchs|first6=S.|last7=Eckl|first7=K. M.|last8=Plank|first8=R.|last9=Werner|first9=R.|last10=Altmuller|first10=J.|last11=Thiele|first11=H.|last12=Nurnberg|first12=P.|last13=Bank|first13=J.|last14=Strauss|first14=A.|last15=von Bernuth|first15=H.|last16=zur Stadt|first16=U.|last17=Grieve|first17=S.|last18=Griffiths|first18=G. M.|last19=Lehmberg|first19=K.|last20=Hennies|first20=H. C.|last21=Ehl|first21=S.|title=Mutations in AP3D1 associated with immunodeficiency and seizures define a new type of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome|journal=Blood|volume=127|issue=8|year=2016|pages=997–1006|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2015-09-671636}}</ref>
* It is characterized by [[immunodeficiency]], [[albinism|oculocutaneous albinism]] and severe neurological impairment including severely delayed global development and intractable [[seizures]].<ref name="AmmannSchulz2016">{{cite journal|last1=Ammann|first1=S.|last2=Schulz|first2=A.|last3=Krageloh-Mann|first3=I.|last4=Dieckmann|first4=N. M. G.|last5=Niethammer|first5=K.|last6=Fuchs|first6=S.|last7=Eckl|first7=K. M.|last8=Plank|first8=R.|last9=Werner|first9=R.|last10=Altmuller|first10=J.|last11=Thiele|first11=H.|last12=Nurnberg|first12=P.|last13=Bank|first13=J.|last14=Strauss|first14=A.|last15=von Bernuth|first15=H.|last16=zur Stadt|first16=U.|last17=Grieve|first17=S.|last18=Griffiths|first18=G. M.|last19=Lehmberg|first19=K.|last20=Hennies|first20=H. C.|last21=Ehl|first21=S.|title=Mutations in AP3D1 associated with immunodeficiency and seizures define a new type of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome|journal=Blood|volume=127|issue=8|year=2016|pages=997–1006|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2015-09-671636}}</ref>
* Treatment depends upon the manifestations of disease, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) used when immunodeficiency is present.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/pde.13266. Epub 2017 Oct 16.}}</ref>
* Treatment depends upon the manifestations of disease, [[granulocyte colony stimulating factor|granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)]] used when [[immunodeficiency]] is present.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/pde.13266. Epub 2017 Oct 16.}}</ref>


==Perforin Deficiency==
==Perforin Deficiency==
* Perforin is a glycoprotein responsible for pore formation in cell membranes of target cells. The main source of perforin are natural killer (NK) cells and CD8 positive T cells. A low amount of perforin is also expressed by CD4 positive T cells.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[Perforin]] is a [[glycoprotein]] responsible for pore formation in [[cell membrane|cell membranes]] of target [[cell|cells]]. The main source of [[perforin]] are [[natural killer cell|natural killer (NK) cells]] and [[CD8]] positive [[t cell|T cells]]. A low amount of [[perforin]] is also expressed by [[CD4]] positive [[t cell|T cells]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Iwona Osinska]], [[Katarzyna Popko]] & [[Urszula Demkow]]
  | author = [[Iwona Osinska]], [[Katarzyna Popko]] & [[Urszula Demkow]]
  | title = Perforin: an important player in immune response
  | title = Perforin: an important player in immune response
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  | pmid = 26155110
  | pmid = 26155110
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Diseases associated with perforin deficiency/defect include: hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), leukemias, lymphomas, infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Diseases associated with [[perforin]] deficiency/defect include: [[hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis|hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)]], [[leukemia|leukemias]], [[lymphoma|lymphomas]], [[infection|infectious diseases]] and [[autoimmune disease|autoimmune diseases]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Iwona Osinska]], [[Katarzyna Popko]] & [[Urszula Demkow]]
  | author = [[Iwona Osinska]], [[Katarzyna Popko]] & [[Urszula Demkow]]
  | title = Perforin: an important player in immune response
  | title = Perforin: an important player in immune response
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  | pmid = 26155110
  | pmid = 26155110
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Treatment depends upon the presentation of disease.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment depends upon the presentation of [[disease]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Iwona Osinska]], [[Katarzyna Popko]] & [[Urszula Demkow]]
  | author = [[Iwona Osinska]], [[Katarzyna Popko]] & [[Urszula Demkow]]
  | title = Perforin: an important player in immune response
  | title = Perforin: an important player in immune response
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==UNC13D/Munc13-4 Deficiency==
==UNC13D/Munc13-4 Deficiency==
* Munc13-4 is a RAB27A effector that coordinates exocytosis in hematopoietic cells, its deficiency is associated with human immunodeficiency familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 3.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[UNC13D|Munc13-4]] is a [[RAB27A]] effector that coordinates [[exocytosis]] in [[hematopoietic cells]], its deficiency is associated with human [[immunodeficiency]] familial [[hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis]] type 3.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Jlenia Monfregola]], [[Jennifer Linda Johnson]], [[Michael M. Meijler]], [[Gennaro Napolitano]] & [[Sergio Daniel Catz]]
  | author = [[Jlenia Monfregola]], [[Jennifer Linda Johnson]], [[Michael M. Meijler]], [[Gennaro Napolitano]] & [[Sergio Daniel Catz]]
  | title = MUNC13-4 protein regulates the oxidative response and is essential for phagosomal maturation and bacterial killing in neutrophils
  | title = MUNC13-4 protein regulates the oxidative response and is essential for phagosomal maturation and bacterial killing in neutrophils
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  | pmid = 23115246
  | pmid = 23115246
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* It is characterized by the features of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) including; fever, hepatosplenomegaly and cytopenias.<ref>{{Cite journal
* It is characterized by the features of [[hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis|hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)]] including; [[fever]], [[hepatosplenomegaly]] and [[cytopenias]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[A. Santoro]], [[S. Cannella]], [[G. Bossi]], [[F. Gallo]], [[A. Trizzino]], [[D. Pende]], [[F. Dieli]], [[G. Bruno]], [[J. C. Stinchcombe]], [[C. Micalizzi]], [[C. De Fusco]], [[C. Danesino]], [[L. Moretta]], [[L. D. Notarangelo]], [[G. M. Griffiths]] & [[M. Arico]]
  | author = [[A. Santoro]], [[S. Cannella]], [[G. Bossi]], [[F. Gallo]], [[A. Trizzino]], [[D. Pende]], [[F. Dieli]], [[G. Bruno]], [[J. C. Stinchcombe]], [[C. Micalizzi]], [[C. De Fusco]], [[C. Danesino]], [[L. Moretta]], [[L. D. Notarangelo]], [[G. M. Griffiths]] & [[M. Arico]]
  | title = Novel Munc13-4 mutations in children and young adult patients with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
  | title = Novel Munc13-4 mutations in children and young adult patients with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
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  | pmid = 16825436
  | pmid = 16825436
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* The only curative treatment is allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.<ref>{{Cite journal
* The only curative treatment is [[stem cell transplantation|allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Tayebeh Soheili]], [[Amandine Durand]], [[Fernando E. Sepulveda]], [[Julie Riviere]], [[Chantal Lagresle-Peyrou]], [[Hanem Sadek]], [[Genevieve de Saint Basile]], [[Samia Martin]], [[Fulvio Mavilio]], [[Marina Cavazzana]] & [[Isabelle Andre-Schmutz]]
  | author = [[Tayebeh Soheili]], [[Amandine Durand]], [[Fernando E. Sepulveda]], [[Julie Riviere]], [[Chantal Lagresle-Peyrou]], [[Hanem Sadek]], [[Genevieve de Saint Basile]], [[Samia Martin]], [[Fulvio Mavilio]], [[Marina Cavazzana]] & [[Isabelle Andre-Schmutz]]
  | title = Gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells reduces HLH manifestations in a murine model of Munc13-4 deficiency
  | title = Gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells reduces HLH manifestations in a murine model of Munc13-4 deficiency
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==Syntaxin 11 Deficiency==
==Syntaxin 11 Deficiency==
* Syntaxin 11 deficiency is caused by homozygous mutation in the syntaxin 11 gene located on chromosome 6q24.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[syntaxin|Syntaxin 11]] deficiency is caused by [[homozygous]] [[mutation]] in the [[syntaxin|syntaxin 11]] [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 6|chromosome 6q24]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Valentina Cetica]], [[Daniela Pende]], [[Gillian M. Griffiths]] & [[Maurizio Arico]]
  | author = [[Valentina Cetica]], [[Daniela Pende]], [[Gillian M. Griffiths]] & [[Maurizio Arico]]
  | title = Molecular basis of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
  | title = Molecular basis of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
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  | pmid = 20378576
  | pmid = 20378576
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Syntaxin 11 deficiency patients develop familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 4(FHL4), characterized by fever, splenomegaly, bicytopenia, low/absent natural killer (NK) cell activity and increased ferritin.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[syntaxin|Syntaxin 11]] deficiency patients develop [[hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis|familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 4(FHL4)]], characterized by [[fever]], [[splenomegaly]], [[bicytopenia]], [[natural killer cell|low/absent natural killer (NK) cell]] activity and increased [[ferritin]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Tamara Kogl]], [[Jurgen Muller]], [[Birthe Jessen]], [[Annette Schmitt-Graeff]], [[Gritta Janka]], [[Stephan Ehl]], [[Udo zur Stadt]] & [[Peter Aichele]]
  | author = [[Tamara Kogl]], [[Jurgen Muller]], [[Birthe Jessen]], [[Annette Schmitt-Graeff]], [[Gritta Janka]], [[Stephan Ehl]], [[Udo zur Stadt]] & [[Peter Aichele]]
  | title = Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in syntaxin-11-deficient mice: T-cell exhaustion limits fatal disease
  | title = Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in syntaxin-11-deficient mice: T-cell exhaustion limits fatal disease
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  | pmid = 23190531
  | pmid = 23190531
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* The only treatment available is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.<ref>{{Cite journal
* The only treatment available is [[stem cell transplantation|hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Martha-Lena Muller]], [[Samuel C. C. Chiang]], [[Marie Meeths]], [[Bianca Tesi]], [[Miriam Entesarian]], [[Daniel Nilsson]], [[Stephanie M. Wood]], [[Magnus Nordenskjold]], [[Jan-Inge Henter]], [[Ahmed Naqvi]] & [[Yenan T. Bryceson]]
  | author = [[Martha-Lena Muller]], [[Samuel C. C. Chiang]], [[Marie Meeths]], [[Bianca Tesi]], [[Miriam Entesarian]], [[Daniel Nilsson]], [[Stephanie M. Wood]], [[Magnus Nordenskjold]], [[Jan-Inge Henter]], [[Ahmed Naqvi]] & [[Yenan T. Bryceson]]
  | title = An N-Terminal Missense Mutation in STX11 Causative of FHL4 Abrogates Syntaxin-11 Binding to Munc18-2
  | title = An N-Terminal Missense Mutation in STX11 Causative of FHL4 Abrogates Syntaxin-11 Binding to Munc18-2
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==STXBP2/Munc18-2 Deficiency==
==STXBP2/Munc18-2 Deficiency==
* STXBP2/Munc18-2 deficiency is caused by homozygous or compound heterogenous mutation in the syntaxin binding protein-2 gene (STXBP-2) on chromosome 19p13. <ref>{{Cite journal
* STXBP2/Munc18-2 deficiency is caused by [[homozygous]] or compound [[heterogenous]] [[mutation]] in the [[syntaxin]] binding [[protein]]-2 [[gene]] (STXBP-2) on [[chromosome 19|chromosome 19p13]]. <ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Udo zur Stadt]], [[Jan Rohr]], [[Wenke Seifert]], [[Florian Koch]], [[Samantha Grieve]], [[Julia Pagel]], [[Julia Strauss]], [[Brigitte Kasper]], [[Gudrun Nurnberg]], [[Christian Becker]], [[Andrea Maul-Pavicic]], [[Karin Beutel]], [[Gritta Janka]], [[Gillian Griffiths]], [[Stephan Ehl]] & [[Hans Christian Hennies]]
  | author = [[Udo zur Stadt]], [[Jan Rohr]], [[Wenke Seifert]], [[Florian Koch]], [[Samantha Grieve]], [[Julia Pagel]], [[Julia Strauss]], [[Brigitte Kasper]], [[Gudrun Nurnberg]], [[Christian Becker]], [[Andrea Maul-Pavicic]], [[Karin Beutel]], [[Gritta Janka]], [[Gillian Griffiths]], [[Stephan Ehl]] & [[Hans Christian Hennies]]
  | title = Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 5 (FHL-5) is caused by mutations in Munc18-2 and impaired binding to syntaxin 11
  | title = Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 5 (FHL-5) is caused by mutations in Munc18-2 and impaired binding to syntaxin 11
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  | pmid = 19804848
  | pmid = 19804848
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* STXBP2 deficiency causes familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 5(FHL5), characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, bicytopenia, increased triglycerides and ferritin with some atypical features including sensorineural hearing deficit, abnormal bleeding, or severe diarrhea.<ref>{{Cite journal
* STXBP2 deficiency causes [[hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis|familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 5(FHL5)]], characterized by [[fever]], [[hepatosplenomegaly]], [[bicytopenia]], increased [[triglycerides]] and [[ferritin]] with some atypical features including [[sensorineural hearing loss|sensorineural hearing deficit]], abnormal [[bleeding]], or severe [[diarrhea]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Julia Pagel]], [[Karin Beutel]], [[Kai Lehmberg]], [[Florian Koch]], [[Andrea Maul-Pavicic]], [[Anna-Katharina Rohlfs]], [[Abdullah Al-Jefri]], [[Rita Beier]], [[Lilian Bomme Ousager]], [[Karoline Ehlert]], [[Ute Gross-Wieltsch]], [[Norbert Jorch]], [[Bernhard Kremens]], [[Arnulf Pekrun]], [[Monika Sparber-Sauer]], [[Ester Mejstrikova]], [[Angela Wawer]], [[Stephan Ehl]], [[Udo zur Stadt]] & [[Gritta Janka]]
  | author = [[Julia Pagel]], [[Karin Beutel]], [[Kai Lehmberg]], [[Florian Koch]], [[Andrea Maul-Pavicic]], [[Anna-Katharina Rohlfs]], [[Abdullah Al-Jefri]], [[Rita Beier]], [[Lilian Bomme Ousager]], [[Karoline Ehlert]], [[Ute Gross-Wieltsch]], [[Norbert Jorch]], [[Bernhard Kremens]], [[Arnulf Pekrun]], [[Monika Sparber-Sauer]], [[Ester Mejstrikova]], [[Angela Wawer]], [[Stephan Ehl]], [[Udo zur Stadt]] & [[Gritta Janka]]
  | title = Distinct mutations in STXBP2 are associated with variable clinical presentations in patients with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 5 (FHL5)
  | title = Distinct mutations in STXBP2 are associated with variable clinical presentations in patients with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 5 (FHL5)
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  | pmid = 22451424
  | pmid = 22451424
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Treatment involves; immunosuppressive and modulatory agents, management of complications and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment involves; [[immunosuppression|immunosuppressive]] and modulatory agents, management of complications and [[hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Melissa R. George]]
  | author = [[Melissa R. George]]
  | title = Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: review of etiologies and management
  | title = Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: review of etiologies and management
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==RASGRP1 Deficiency==
==RASGRP1 Deficiency==
* RASGRP1 is an important guanine nucleotide exchange factor and activator of RAS-MAPK pathway following T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[RASGRP1]] is an important [[guanine]] [[nucleotide]] exchange factor and activator of RAS-MAPK pathway following [[T cell]] [[antigen]] [[receptor]] (TCR) signaling.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Elisabeth Salzer]], [[Deniz Cagdas]], [[Miroslav Hons]], [[Emily M. Mace]], [[Wojciech Garncarz]], [[Ozlem Yuce Petronczki]], [[Rene Platzer]], [[Laurene Pfajfer]], [[Ivan Bilic]], [[Sol A. Ban]], [[Katharina L. Willmann]], [[Malini Mukherjee]], [[Verena Supper]], [[Hsiang Ting Hsu]], [[Pinaki P. Banerjee]], [[Papiya Sinha]], [[Fabienne McClanahan]], [[Gerhard J. Zlabinger]], [[Winfried F. Pickl]], [[John G. Gribben]], [[Hannes Stockinger]], [[Keiryn L. Bennett]], [[Johannes B. Huppa]], [[Loic Dupre]], [[Ozden Sanal]], [[Ulrich Jager]], [[Michael Sixt]], [[Ilhan Tezcan]], [[Jordan S. Orange]] & [[Kaan Boztug]]
  | author = [[Elisabeth Salzer]], [[Deniz Cagdas]], [[Miroslav Hons]], [[Emily M. Mace]], [[Wojciech Garncarz]], [[Ozlem Yuce Petronczki]], [[Rene Platzer]], [[Laurene Pfajfer]], [[Ivan Bilic]], [[Sol A. Ban]], [[Katharina L. Willmann]], [[Malini Mukherjee]], [[Verena Supper]], [[Hsiang Ting Hsu]], [[Pinaki P. Banerjee]], [[Papiya Sinha]], [[Fabienne McClanahan]], [[Gerhard J. Zlabinger]], [[Winfried F. Pickl]], [[John G. Gribben]], [[Hannes Stockinger]], [[Keiryn L. Bennett]], [[Johannes B. Huppa]], [[Loic Dupre]], [[Ozden Sanal]], [[Ulrich Jager]], [[Michael Sixt]], [[Ilhan Tezcan]], [[Jordan S. Orange]] & [[Kaan Boztug]]
  | title = RASGRP1 deficiency causes immunodeficiency with impaired cytoskeletal dynamics
  | title = RASGRP1 deficiency causes immunodeficiency with impaired cytoskeletal dynamics
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  | pmid = 27776107
  | pmid = 27776107
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* RASGRP1 deficiency is caused by a mutation in RASGRP1 gene located on chromosome 15q14.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[RASGRP1]] deficiency is caused by a [[mutation]] in [[RASGRP1]] [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 15|chromosome 15q14]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Elisabeth Salzer]], [[Deniz Cagdas]], [[Miroslav Hons]], [[Emily M. Mace]], [[Wojciech Garncarz]], [[Ozlem Yuce Petronczki]], [[Rene Platzer]], [[Laurene Pfajfer]], [[Ivan Bilic]], [[Sol A. Ban]], [[Katharina L. Willmann]], [[Malini Mukherjee]], [[Verena Supper]], [[Hsiang Ting Hsu]], [[Pinaki P. Banerjee]], [[Papiya Sinha]], [[Fabienne McClanahan]], [[Gerhard J. Zlabinger]], [[Winfried F. Pickl]], [[John G. Gribben]], [[Hannes Stockinger]], [[Keiryn L. Bennett]], [[Johannes B. Huppa]], [[Loic Dupre]], [[Ozden Sanal]], [[Ulrich Jager]], [[Michael Sixt]], [[Ilhan Tezcan]], [[Jordan S. Orange]] & [[Kaan Boztug]]
  | author = [[Elisabeth Salzer]], [[Deniz Cagdas]], [[Miroslav Hons]], [[Emily M. Mace]], [[Wojciech Garncarz]], [[Ozlem Yuce Petronczki]], [[Rene Platzer]], [[Laurene Pfajfer]], [[Ivan Bilic]], [[Sol A. Ban]], [[Katharina L. Willmann]], [[Malini Mukherjee]], [[Verena Supper]], [[Hsiang Ting Hsu]], [[Pinaki P. Banerjee]], [[Papiya Sinha]], [[Fabienne McClanahan]], [[Gerhard J. Zlabinger]], [[Winfried F. Pickl]], [[John G. Gribben]], [[Hannes Stockinger]], [[Keiryn L. Bennett]], [[Johannes B. Huppa]], [[Loic Dupre]], [[Ozden Sanal]], [[Ulrich Jager]], [[Michael Sixt]], [[Ilhan Tezcan]], [[Jordan S. Orange]] & [[Kaan Boztug]]
  | title = RASGRP1 deficiency causes immunodeficiency with impaired cytoskeletal dynamics
  | title = RASGRP1 deficiency causes immunodeficiency with impaired cytoskeletal dynamics
Line 315: Line 316:
  | pmid = 27776107
  | pmid = 27776107
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* RASGRP1 deficiency causes severe autoimmune manifestations, life threatening immune dysregulation and susceptibility to EBV induced B cell malignancies.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[RASGRP1]] deficiency causes severe [[autoimmune]] manifestations, life threatening immune dysregulation and susceptibility to [[EBV]] induced [[B cell]] [[malignancy|malignancies]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Ido Somekh]], [[Benjamin Marquardt]], [[Yanshan Liu]], [[Meino Rohlfs]], [[Sebastian Hollizeck]], [[Musa Karakukcu]], [[Ekrem Unal]], [[Ebru Yilmaz]], [[Turkan Patiroglu]], [[Murat Cansever]], [[Shirly Frizinsky]], [[Vicktoria Vishnvenska-Dai]], [[Erez Rechavi]], [[Tali Stauber]], [[Amos J. Simon]], [[Atar Lev]], [[Christoph Klein]], [[Daniel Kotlarz]] & [[Raz Somech]]
  | author = [[Ido Somekh]], [[Benjamin Marquardt]], [[Yanshan Liu]], [[Meino Rohlfs]], [[Sebastian Hollizeck]], [[Musa Karakukcu]], [[Ekrem Unal]], [[Ebru Yilmaz]], [[Turkan Patiroglu]], [[Murat Cansever]], [[Shirly Frizinsky]], [[Vicktoria Vishnvenska-Dai]], [[Erez Rechavi]], [[Tali Stauber]], [[Amos J. Simon]], [[Atar Lev]], [[Christoph Klein]], [[Daniel Kotlarz]] & [[Raz Somech]]
  | title = Novel Mutations in RASGRP1 are Associated with Immunodeficiency, Immune Dysregulation, and EBV-Induced Lymphoma
  | title = Novel Mutations in RASGRP1 are Associated with Immunodeficiency, Immune Dysregulation, and EBV-Induced Lymphoma
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  | pmid = 30030704
  | pmid = 30030704
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Early diagnosis is important in management and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is considered curative.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Early [[diagnosis]] is important in management and [[hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]] is considered curative.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Ido Somekh]], [[Benjamin Marquardt]], [[Yanshan Liu]], [[Meino Rohlfs]], [[Sebastian Hollizeck]], [[Musa Karakukcu]], [[Ekrem Unal]], [[Ebru Yilmaz]], [[Turkan Patiroglu]], [[Murat Cansever]], [[Shirly Frizinsky]], [[Vicktoria Vishnvenska-Dai]], [[Erez Rechavi]], [[Tali Stauber]], [[Amos J. Simon]], [[Atar Lev]], [[Christoph Klein]], [[Daniel Kotlarz]] & [[Raz Somech]]
  | author = [[Ido Somekh]], [[Benjamin Marquardt]], [[Yanshan Liu]], [[Meino Rohlfs]], [[Sebastian Hollizeck]], [[Musa Karakukcu]], [[Ekrem Unal]], [[Ebru Yilmaz]], [[Turkan Patiroglu]], [[Murat Cansever]], [[Shirly Frizinsky]], [[Vicktoria Vishnvenska-Dai]], [[Erez Rechavi]], [[Tali Stauber]], [[Amos J. Simon]], [[Atar Lev]], [[Christoph Klein]], [[Daniel Kotlarz]] & [[Raz Somech]]
  | title = Novel Mutations in RASGRP1 are Associated with Immunodeficiency, Immune Dysregulation, and EBV-Induced Lymphoma
  | title = Novel Mutations in RASGRP1 are Associated with Immunodeficiency, Immune Dysregulation, and EBV-Induced Lymphoma
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==CD70 Deficiency==
==CD70 Deficiency==
* CD 70 gene is located on chromosome 19p13.3. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to TNF ligand family. This cytokine is a ligand for TNFRSF27/CD27.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[CD70]] [[gene]] is located on [[chromosome 19|chromosome 19p13.3]]. The [[protein]] encoded by this [[gene]] is a [[cytokine]] that belongs to [[TNF]] [[ligand]] family. This [[cytokine]] is a [[ligand]] for TNFRSF27/[[CD27]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>
      
      
* CD 70 is a surface antigen located on activated, but not resting, T and B lymphocytes. It induces proliferation of costimulated T cells, enhances generation of cytotoxic T cells and contributes to T cell activation.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[CD70]] is a surface [[antigen]] located on activated, but not resting, T and B [[lymphocytes]]. It induces proliferation of costimulated [[T cells]], enhances generation of [[cytotoxic T cells]] and contributes to [[T cell]] activation.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 366: Line 367:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Its deficiency causes combined immunodeficiencies and EBV associated lymphoproliferation.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Its deficiency causes combined [[immunodeficiency|immunodeficiencies]] and [[EBV]] associated [[lymphoproliferation]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Hassan Abolhassani]], [[Emily S. J. Edwards]], [[Aydan Ikinciogullari]], [[Huie Jing]], [[Stephan Borte]], [[Marcus Buggert]], [[Likun Du]], [[Mami Matsuda-Lennikov]], [[Rosa Romano]], [[Rozina Caridha]], [[Sangeeta Bade]], [[Yu Zhang]], [[Juliet Frederiksen]], [[Mingyan Fang]], [[Sevgi Kostel Bal]], [[Sule Haskologlu]], [[Figen Dogu]], [[Nurdan Tacyildiz]], [[Helen F. Matthews]], [[Joshua J. McElwee]], [[Emma Gostick]], [[David A. Price]], [[Umaimainthan Palendira]], [[Asghar Aghamohammadi]], [[Bertrand Boisson]], [[Nima Rezaei]], [[Annika C. Karlsson]], [[Michael J. Lenardo]], [[Jean-Laurent Casanova]], [[Lennart Hammarstrom]], [[Stuart G. Tangye]], [[Helen C. Su]] & [[Qiang Pan-Hammarstrom]]
  | author = [[Hassan Abolhassani]], [[Emily S. J. Edwards]], [[Aydan Ikinciogullari]], [[Huie Jing]], [[Stephan Borte]], [[Marcus Buggert]], [[Likun Du]], [[Mami Matsuda-Lennikov]], [[Rosa Romano]], [[Rozina Caridha]], [[Sangeeta Bade]], [[Yu Zhang]], [[Juliet Frederiksen]], [[Mingyan Fang]], [[Sevgi Kostel Bal]], [[Sule Haskologlu]], [[Figen Dogu]], [[Nurdan Tacyildiz]], [[Helen F. Matthews]], [[Joshua J. McElwee]], [[Emma Gostick]], [[David A. Price]], [[Umaimainthan Palendira]], [[Asghar Aghamohammadi]], [[Bertrand Boisson]], [[Nima Rezaei]], [[Annika C. Karlsson]], [[Michael J. Lenardo]], [[Jean-Laurent Casanova]], [[Lennart Hammarstrom]], [[Stuart G. Tangye]], [[Helen C. Su]] & [[Qiang Pan-Hammarstrom]]
  | title = Combined immunodeficiency and Epstein-Barr virus-induced B cell malignancy in humans with inherited CD70 deficiency
  | title = Combined immunodeficiency and Epstein-Barr virus-induced B cell malignancy in humans with inherited CD70 deficiency
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  | pmid = 28011864
  | pmid = 28011864
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* The treatment includes; immunosuppressive drugs like rituximab and hematopoeitic stem cell transplantation.<ref>{{Cite journal
* The treatment includes; immunosuppressive drugs like [[rituximab]] and [[hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Roberta Caorsi]], [[Marta Rusmini]], [[Stefano Volpi]], [[Sabrina Chiesa]], [[Claudia Pastorino]], [[Angela Rita Sementa]], [[Paolo Uva]], [[Alice Grossi]], [[Edoardo Lanino]], [[Maura Faraci]], [[Francesca Minoia]], [[Sara Signa]], [[Paolo Picco]], [[Alberto Martini]], [[Isabella Ceccherini]] & [[Marco Gattorno]]
  | author = [[Roberta Caorsi]], [[Marta Rusmini]], [[Stefano Volpi]], [[Sabrina Chiesa]], [[Claudia Pastorino]], [[Angela Rita Sementa]], [[Paolo Uva]], [[Alice Grossi]], [[Edoardo Lanino]], [[Maura Faraci]], [[Francesca Minoia]], [[Sara Signa]], [[Paolo Picco]], [[Alberto Martini]], [[Isabella Ceccherini]] & [[Marco Gattorno]]
  | title = CD70 Deficiency due to a Novel Mutation in a Patient with Severe Chronic EBV Infection Presenting As a Periodic Fever
  | title = CD70 Deficiency due to a Novel Mutation in a Patient with Severe Chronic EBV Infection Presenting As a Periodic Fever
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==CTPS1 Deficiency==
==CTPS1 Deficiency==
* CTPS1 gene is located on chromosome 1p34.2. It encodes an enzyme responsible for catalytic conversion of UTP (uridine triphosphate) to CTP (cytidine triphosphate); which is an important step in the biosynthesis of phospholipids and nucleic acids.<ref>{{Cite journal
* CTPS1 [[gene]] is located on [[chromosome 1|chromosome 1p34.2]]. It encodes an [[enzyme]] responsible for [[catalysis|catalytic]] conversion of [[uridine triphosphate|UTP (uridine triphosphate)]] to [[cytidine triphosphate|CTP (cytidine triphosphate)]]; which is an important step in the biosynthesis of [[phospholipids]] and [[nucleic acids]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
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  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* CTPS1 deficiency is caused by loss of function mutation in the gene, that causes life threatening immunodeficiency characterized by impaired capacity of activated B and T cells to proliferate in response to antigen receptor mediated activation.<ref name="MartinPalmic2014">{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=Emmanuel|last2=Palmic|first2=Noé|last3=Sanquer|first3=Sylvia|last4=Lenoir|first4=Christelle|last5=Hauck|first5=Fabian|last6=Mongellaz|first6=Cédric|last7=Fabrega|first7=Sylvie|last8=Nitschké|first8=Patrick|last9=Esposti|first9=Mauro Degli|last10=Schwartzentruber|first10=Jeremy|last11=Taylor|first11=Naomi|last12=Majewski|first12=Jacek|last13=Jabado|first13=Nada|last14=Wynn|first14=Robert F.|last15=Picard|first15=Capucine|last16=Fischer|first16=Alain|last17=Arkwright|first17=Peter D.|last18=Latour|first18=Sylvain|title=CTP synthase 1 deficiency in humans reveals its central role in lymphocyte proliferation|journal=Nature|volume=510|issue=7504|year=2014|pages=288–292|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/nature13386}}</ref>
* CTPS1 deficiency is caused by loss of function [[mutation]] in the [[gene]], that causes life threatening [[immunodeficiency]] characterized by impaired capacity of activated [[b cell|B]] and [[t cell|T cells]] to [[proliferate]] in response to [[antigen]] [[receptor]] mediated activation.<ref name="MartinPalmic2014">{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=Emmanuel|last2=Palmic|first2=Noé|last3=Sanquer|first3=Sylvia|last4=Lenoir|first4=Christelle|last5=Hauck|first5=Fabian|last6=Mongellaz|first6=Cédric|last7=Fabrega|first7=Sylvie|last8=Nitschké|first8=Patrick|last9=Esposti|first9=Mauro Degli|last10=Schwartzentruber|first10=Jeremy|last11=Taylor|first11=Naomi|last12=Majewski|first12=Jacek|last13=Jabado|first13=Nada|last14=Wynn|first14=Robert F.|last15=Picard|first15=Capucine|last16=Fischer|first16=Alain|last17=Arkwright|first17=Peter D.|last18=Latour|first18=Sylvain|title=CTP synthase 1 deficiency in humans reveals its central role in lymphocyte proliferation|journal=Nature|volume=510|issue=7504|year=2014|pages=288–292|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/nature13386}}</ref>
* Treatment includes; management of compplications and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment includes; management of compplications and [[hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Robert F. Wynn]], [[Peter D. Arkwright]], [[Tanzina Haque]], [[Maged I. Gharib]], [[Gwen Wilkie]], [[Marie Morton-Jones]] & [[Dorothy H. Crawford]]
  | author = [[Robert F. Wynn]], [[Peter D. Arkwright]], [[Tanzina Haque]], [[Maged I. Gharib]], [[Gwen Wilkie]], [[Marie Morton-Jones]] & [[Dorothy H. Crawford]]
  | title = Treatment of Epstein-Barr-virus-associated primary CNS B cell lymphoma with allogeneic T-cell immunotherapy and stem-cell transplantation
  | title = Treatment of Epstein-Barr-virus-associated primary CNS B cell lymphoma with allogeneic T-cell immunotherapy and stem-cell transplantation
Line 418: Line 419:


==RLTPR (CARMIL2) Deficiency==
==RLTPR (CARMIL2) Deficiency==
* CARMIL2 gene is located on chromosome 16q22.1, which encodes a member of CARMIL (capping protein, Arp 2/3, myosin-I linker) family of proteins.The encoded protein interacts with & negatively regulates the heterodimeric capping protein and promotes cell migration. <ref>{{Cite journal
* CARMIL2 [[gene]] is located on [[chromosome 16|chromosome 16q22.1]], which encodes a member of CARMIL (capping [[protein]], Arp 2/3, [[myosin]]-I linker) family of [[proteins]].The encoded [[protein]] interacts with & negatively regulates the heterodimeric capping [[protein]] and promotes [[cell]] migration. <ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 430: Line 431:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* CARMIL2 deficiency is associated with autosomal recessive human immunodeficiency disorder, resulting in defective CD28 cosignalling and inadequate T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, effector function and T cell polarity and migration.<ref>{{Cite journal
* CARMIL2 deficiency is associated with [[autosomal recessive]] human [[immunodeficiency]] disorder, resulting in defective [[CD28]] cosignalling and inadequate [[T cell]] activation, proliferation, differentiation, effector function and [[T cell]] polarity and migration.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[T. Schober]], [[T. Magg]], [[M. Laschinger]], [[M. Rohlfs]], [[N. D. Linhares]], [[J. Puchalka]], [[T. Weisser]], [[K. Fehlner]], [[J. Mautner]], [[C. Walz]], [[K. Hussein]], [[G. Jaeger]], [[B. Kammer]], [[I. Schmid]], [[M. Bahia]], [[S. D. Pena]], [[U. Behrends]], [[B. H. Belohradsky]], [[C. Klein]] & [[F. Hauck]]
  | author = [[T. Schober]], [[T. Magg]], [[M. Laschinger]], [[M. Rohlfs]], [[N. D. Linhares]], [[J. Puchalka]], [[T. Weisser]], [[K. Fehlner]], [[J. Mautner]], [[C. Walz]], [[K. Hussein]], [[G. Jaeger]], [[B. Kammer]], [[I. Schmid]], [[M. Bahia]], [[S. D. Pena]], [[U. Behrends]], [[B. H. Belohradsky]], [[C. Klein]] & [[F. Hauck]]
  | title = A human immunodeficiency syndrome caused by mutations in CARMIL2
  | title = A human immunodeficiency syndrome caused by mutations in CARMIL2
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  | pmid = 28112205
  | pmid = 28112205
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* It can present as failure to thrive, chronic diarrhea, recurrent skin and upper airway infections and psoriasis.<ref>{{Cite journal
* It can present as [[failure to thrive]], [[chronic diarrhea]], recurrent [[skin]] and [[upper airway]] [[infection|infections]] and [[psoriasis]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[T. Schober]], [[T. Magg]], [[M. Laschinger]], [[M. Rohlfs]], [[N. D. Linhares]], [[J. Puchalka]], [[T. Weisser]], [[K. Fehlner]], [[J. Mautner]], [[C. Walz]], [[K. Hussein]], [[G. Jaeger]], [[B. Kammer]], [[I. Schmid]], [[M. Bahia]], [[S. D. Pena]], [[U. Behrends]], [[B. H. Belohradsky]], [[C. Klein]] & [[F. Hauck]]
  | author = [[T. Schober]], [[T. Magg]], [[M. Laschinger]], [[M. Rohlfs]], [[N. D. Linhares]], [[J. Puchalka]], [[T. Weisser]], [[K. Fehlner]], [[J. Mautner]], [[C. Walz]], [[K. Hussein]], [[G. Jaeger]], [[B. Kammer]], [[I. Schmid]], [[M. Bahia]], [[S. D. Pena]], [[U. Behrends]], [[B. H. Belohradsky]], [[C. Klein]] & [[F. Hauck]]
  | title = A human immunodeficiency syndrome caused by mutations in CARMIL2
  | title = A human immunodeficiency syndrome caused by mutations in CARMIL2
Line 454: Line 455:


==ITK Deficiency==
==ITK Deficiency==
* ITK (Interleukin 2 inducible T cell Kinase) gene is located chromosome 5q33.3, encodes an intracellular tyrosine kinase expressed in T cells. It helps in T cell proliferation and differentiation.<ref>{{Cite journal
* ITK ([[Interleukin 2]] inducible [[T cell]] [[Kinase]]) [[gene]] is located [[chromosome 5|chromosome 5q33.3]], encodes an [[intracellular]] [[tyrosine kinase]] expressed in [[T cells]]. It helps in [[T cell]] [[proliferation]] and differentiation.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 466: Line 467:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* It can present as fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary involvement, T cell depletion and hypogammaglobulinemia.<ref>{{Cite journal
* It can present as [[fever]], [[lymphadenopathy]], [[hepatosplenomegaly]], [[pulmonary]] involvement, [[T cell]] depletion and [[hypogammaglobulinemia]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Sujal Ghosh]], [[Kirsten Bienemann]], [[Kaan Boztug]] & [[Arndt Borkhardt]]
  | author = [[Sujal Ghosh]], [[Kirsten Bienemann]], [[Kaan Boztug]] & [[Arndt Borkhardt]]
  | title = Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) deficiency - clinical and molecular aspects
  | title = Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) deficiency - clinical and molecular aspects
Line 478: Line 479:
  | pmid = 25339095
  | pmid = 25339095
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Treatment options include; rituximab, IgG susbstitution and hematopoetic stem cell transplantation.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment options include; [[rituximab]], [[IgG]] susbstitution and [[hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Sujal Ghosh]], [[Kirsten Bienemann]], [[Kaan Boztug]] & [[Arndt Borkhardt]]
  | author = [[Sujal Ghosh]], [[Kirsten Bienemann]], [[Kaan Boztug]] & [[Arndt Borkhardt]]
  | title = Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) deficiency - clinical and molecular aspects
  | title = Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) deficiency - clinical and molecular aspects
Line 492: Line 493:


==MAGT1 Deficiency==
==MAGT1 Deficiency==
* MSGT1 (magnessium transporter1) gene is located on chromosome Xq21.1, which encodes for a ubiquitously expressed magenssium cation transporter protein that localizes to cell membrane.<ref>{{Cite journal
* MAGT1 ([[magnessium]] [[transporter]]1) [[gene]] is located on [[x chromosome|chromosome Xq21.1]], which encodes for a ubiquitously expressed [[magnessium]] [[cation]] [[transporter]] [[protein]] that localizes to [[cell membrane]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 504: Line 505:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* MAGT1 deficiency is caused by loss of function mutation in MAGT1 which leads to an immunodeficiency called XMEN syndrome characterized by chronic EBV infection, CD4 lymphopenia and EBV related lymphoproliferative disorders.<ref>{{Cite journal
* MAGT1 deficiency is caused by loss of function [[mutation]] in MAGT1 which leads to an [[immunodeficiency]] called [[XMEN]] [[syndrome]] characterized by [[chronic]] [[EBV]] [[infection]], [[CD4]] [[lymphopenia]] and [[EBV]] related [[immunoproliferative disorder|lymphoproliferative disorders]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Juan Ravell]], [[Benjamin Chaigne-Delalande]] & [[Michael Lenardo]]
  | author = [[Juan Ravell]], [[Benjamin Chaigne-Delalande]] & [[Michael Lenardo]]
  | title = X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and neoplasia disease: a combined immune deficiency with magnesium defect
  | title = X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and neoplasia disease: a combined immune deficiency with magnesium defect
Line 516: Line 517:
  | pmid = 25313976
  | pmid = 25313976
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* It can present as splenomegaly, dysgammaglobulinemia, persistent elevation in EBV viral load, EBV associated lymphoproliferative disorders and decreased CD4/CD8 ratio.<ref>{{Cite journal
* It can present as [[splenomegaly]], [[hypogammaglobulinemia|dysgammaglobulinemia]], persistent elevation in [[EBV]] [[viral load]], [[EBV]] associated [[immunoproliferative disorder|lymphoproliferative disorders]] and decreased [[CD4]]/[[CD8]] ratio.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Juan Ravell]], [[Benjamin Chaigne-Delalande]] & [[Michael Lenardo]]
  | author = [[Juan Ravell]], [[Benjamin Chaigne-Delalande]] & [[Michael Lenardo]]
  | title = X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and neoplasia disease: a combined immune deficiency with magnesium defect
  | title = X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and neoplasia disease: a combined immune deficiency with magnesium defect
Line 528: Line 529:
  | pmid = 25313976
  | pmid = 25313976
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Treatment options include; antibiotic prophylaxis, antiviral prophylaxis, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, chemotherapy including rituximab, oral Mg2+ supplementation and hematopoetic stem cell transplantation.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment options include; [[antibiotic|antibiotic prophylaxis]], [[antiviral|antiviral prophylaxis]], [[immunoglobulin]] replacement therapy, [[chemotherapy]] including [[rituximab]], oral Mg2+ supplementation and [[hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Juan Ravell]], [[Benjamin Chaigne-Delalande]] & [[Michael Lenardo]]
  | author = [[Juan Ravell]], [[Benjamin Chaigne-Delalande]] & [[Michael Lenardo]]
  | title = X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and neoplasia disease: a combined immune deficiency with magnesium defect
  | title = X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and neoplasia disease: a combined immune deficiency with magnesium defect
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==PRKCD Deficiency==
==PRKCD Deficiency==
* PRKCD (protein kinase C delta) gene located on chromosome 3p21.1 is a member of protein kinase C family of serine and threonine specific protein kinases, activated by diacylglycerol and is both a tumor suppressor and positive regulator of cell cycle progression. This protein can also positively or negatively regulate apoptosis.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[PRKCD]] ([[protein]] [[kinase]] C delta) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 3|chromosome 3p21.1]] is a member of [[protein kinase]] C family of [[serine]] and [[threonine]] specific [[protein]] kinases, activated by [[diacylglycerol]] and is both a [[tumor suppressor]] and positive regulator of [[cell cycle]] progression. This [[protein]] can also positively or negatively regulate [[apoptosis]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 554: Line 555:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* PRKCD deficiency is associated with primary immunodeficiency with B cell deficiency and severe autoimmunity.<ref name="SalzerSantos-Valente2013">{{cite journal|last1=Salzer|first1=E.|last2=Santos-Valente|first2=E.|last3=Klaver|first3=S.|last4=Ban|first4=S. A.|last5=Emminger|first5=W.|last6=Prengemann|first6=N. K.|last7=Garncarz|first7=W.|last8=Mullauer|first8=L.|last9=Kain|first9=R.|last10=Boztug|first10=H.|last11=Heitger|first11=A.|last12=Arbeiter|first12=K.|last13=Eitelberger|first13=F.|last14=Seidel|first14=M. G.|last15=Holter|first15=W.|last16=Pollak|first16=A.|last17=Pickl|first17=W. F.|last18=Forster-Waldl|first18=E.|last19=Boztug|first19=K.|title=B-cell deficiency and severe autoimmunity caused by deficiency of protein kinase C  |journal=Blood|volume=121|issue=16|year=2013|pages=3112–3116|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2012-10-460741}}</ref>
* [[PRKCD]] deficiency is associated with [[primary immunodeficiency]] with [[B cell]] deficiency and severe [[autoimmunity]].<ref name="SalzerSantos-Valente2013">{{cite journal|last1=Salzer|first1=E.|last2=Santos-Valente|first2=E.|last3=Klaver|first3=S.|last4=Ban|first4=S. A.|last5=Emminger|first5=W.|last6=Prengemann|first6=N. K.|last7=Garncarz|first7=W.|last8=Mullauer|first8=L.|last9=Kain|first9=R.|last10=Boztug|first10=H.|last11=Heitger|first11=A.|last12=Arbeiter|first12=K.|last13=Eitelberger|first13=F.|last14=Seidel|first14=M. G.|last15=Holter|first15=W.|last16=Pollak|first16=A.|last17=Pickl|first17=W. F.|last18=Forster-Waldl|first18=E.|last19=Boztug|first19=K.|title=B-cell deficiency and severe autoimmunity caused by deficiency of protein kinase C  |journal=Blood|volume=121|issue=16|year=2013|pages=3112–3116|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2012-10-460741}}</ref>
* It can manifest as hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, SLE like syndrome, CNS vasculitis and recurrent infections.<ref>{{Cite journal
* It can manifest as [[hepatosplenomegaly]], [[lymphadenopathy]], [[antiphospholipid antibody syndrome]], [[SLE|SLE like syndrome]], [[vasculitis|CNS vasculitis]] and recurrent [[infections]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Elisabeth Salzer]], [[Elisangela Santos-Valente]], [[Barbel Keller]], [[Klaus Warnatz]] & [[Kaan Boztug]]
  | author = [[Elisabeth Salzer]], [[Elisangela Santos-Valente]], [[Barbel Keller]], [[Klaus Warnatz]] & [[Kaan Boztug]]
  | title = Protein Kinase C delta: a Gatekeeper of Immune Homeostasis
  | title = Protein Kinase C delta: a Gatekeeper of Immune Homeostasis
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  | pmid = 27541826
  | pmid = 27541826
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Treatment includes; management of complications and hematopoetic stem cell transplantation.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment includes; management of complications and [[hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Elisabeth Salzer]], [[Elisangela Santos-Valente]], [[Barbel Keller]], [[Klaus Warnatz]] & [[Kaan Boztug]]
  | author = [[Elisabeth Salzer]], [[Elisangela Santos-Valente]], [[Barbel Keller]], [[Klaus Warnatz]] & [[Kaan Boztug]]
  | title = Protein Kinase C delta: a Gatekeeper of Immune Homeostasis
  | title = Protein Kinase C delta: a Gatekeeper of Immune Homeostasis
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==XLP1==
==XLP1==
* XLP1 (X linked lymphoproliferative disease type 1) also called as Duncan disease is caused by a mutation in the gene called SH2D1A located on chromosome Xq25.<ref>{{Cite journal
* XLP1 ([[X linked]] lymphoproliferative disease type 1) also called as Duncan [[disease]] is caused by a [[mutation]] in the [[gene]] called [[SH2D1A]] located on [[x chromosome|chromosome Xq25]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 593: Line 594:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* SH2D1A gene encodes a protein that plays a major role in the bidirectional stimulation of T and B cells.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[SH2D1A]] [[gene]] encodes a [[protein]] that plays a major role in the bidirectional stimulation of [[t cell|T]] and [[b cell|B cells]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 605: Line 606:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* It can manifest as severe immune dysregulation, severe/fatal EBV infection, acquired hypogammaglobulinemia, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytois (HLH), aplastic anemia, red cell aplasia and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. <ref>{{Cite journal
* It can manifest as severe immune dysregulation, severe/fatal [[EBV]] [[infection]], acquired [[hypogammaglobulinemia]], [[hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis|hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytois (HLH)]], [[aplastic anemia]], [[pure red cell aplasia|red cell aplasia]] and [[lymphomatoid granulomatosis]]. <ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[D. T. Purtilo]]
  | author = [[D. T. Purtilo]]
  | title = X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. An immunodeficiency disorder with acquired agammaglobulinemia, fatal infectious mononucleosis, or malignant lymphoma
  | title = X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. An immunodeficiency disorder with acquired agammaglobulinemia, fatal infectious mononucleosis, or malignant lymphoma
Line 616: Line 617:
  | pmid = 6894075
  | pmid = 6894075
}}</ref><ref name="BoothGilmour2010">{{cite journal|last1=Booth|first1=C.|last2=Gilmour|first2=K. C.|last3=Veys|first3=P.|last4=Gennery|first4=A. R.|last5=Slatter|first5=M. A.|last6=Chapel|first6=H.|last7=Heath|first7=P. T.|last8=Steward|first8=C. G.|last9=Smith|first9=O.|last10=O'Meara|first10=A.|last11=Kerrigan|first11=H.|last12=Mahlaoui|first12=N.|last13=Cavazzana-Calvo|first13=M.|last14=Fischer|first14=A.|last15=Moshous|first15=D.|last16=Blanche|first16=S.|last17=Pachlopnik Schmid|first17=J.|last18=Latour|first18=S.|last19=de Saint-Basile|first19=G.|last20=Albert|first20=M.|last21=Notheis|first21=G.|last22=Rieber|first22=N.|last23=Strahm|first23=B.|last24=Ritterbusch|first24=H.|last25=Lankester|first25=A.|last26=Hartwig|first26=N. G.|last27=Meyts|first27=I.|last28=Plebani|first28=A.|last29=Soresina|first29=A.|last30=Finocchi|first30=A.|last31=Pignata|first31=C.|last32=Cirillo|first32=E.|last33=Bonanomi|first33=S.|last34=Peters|first34=C.|last35=Kalwak|first35=K.|last36=Pasic|first36=S.|last37=Sedlacek|first37=P.|last38=Jazbec|first38=J.|last39=Kanegane|first39=H.|last40=Nichols|first40=K. E.|last41=Hanson|first41=I. C.|last42=Kapoor|first42=N.|last43=Haddad|first43=E.|last44=Cowan|first44=M.|last45=Choo|first45=S.|last46=Smart|first46=J.|last47=Arkwright|first47=P. D.|last48=Gaspar|first48=H. B.|title=X-linked lymphoproliferative disease due to SAP/SH2D1A deficiency: a multicenter study on the manifestations, management and outcome of the disease|journal=Blood|volume=117|issue=1|year=2010|pages=53–62|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2010-06-284935}}</ref>
}}</ref><ref name="BoothGilmour2010">{{cite journal|last1=Booth|first1=C.|last2=Gilmour|first2=K. C.|last3=Veys|first3=P.|last4=Gennery|first4=A. R.|last5=Slatter|first5=M. A.|last6=Chapel|first6=H.|last7=Heath|first7=P. T.|last8=Steward|first8=C. G.|last9=Smith|first9=O.|last10=O'Meara|first10=A.|last11=Kerrigan|first11=H.|last12=Mahlaoui|first12=N.|last13=Cavazzana-Calvo|first13=M.|last14=Fischer|first14=A.|last15=Moshous|first15=D.|last16=Blanche|first16=S.|last17=Pachlopnik Schmid|first17=J.|last18=Latour|first18=S.|last19=de Saint-Basile|first19=G.|last20=Albert|first20=M.|last21=Notheis|first21=G.|last22=Rieber|first22=N.|last23=Strahm|first23=B.|last24=Ritterbusch|first24=H.|last25=Lankester|first25=A.|last26=Hartwig|first26=N. G.|last27=Meyts|first27=I.|last28=Plebani|first28=A.|last29=Soresina|first29=A.|last30=Finocchi|first30=A.|last31=Pignata|first31=C.|last32=Cirillo|first32=E.|last33=Bonanomi|first33=S.|last34=Peters|first34=C.|last35=Kalwak|first35=K.|last36=Pasic|first36=S.|last37=Sedlacek|first37=P.|last38=Jazbec|first38=J.|last39=Kanegane|first39=H.|last40=Nichols|first40=K. E.|last41=Hanson|first41=I. C.|last42=Kapoor|first42=N.|last43=Haddad|first43=E.|last44=Cowan|first44=M.|last45=Choo|first45=S.|last46=Smart|first46=J.|last47=Arkwright|first47=P. D.|last48=Gaspar|first48=H. B.|title=X-linked lymphoproliferative disease due to SAP/SH2D1A deficiency: a multicenter study on the manifestations, management and outcome of the disease|journal=Blood|volume=117|issue=1|year=2010|pages=53–62|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2010-06-284935}}</ref>
* The only definitive treatment available for XLP1 is allogenic hematopoetic stem cell transplantation.<ref>{{Cite journal
* The only definitive treatment available for XLP1 is [[hematopoietic stem cell transplantation|allogenic hematopoetic stem cell transplantation]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Neelam Panchal]], [[Claire Booth]], [[Jennifer L. Cannons]] & [[Pamela L. Schwartzberg]]
  | author = [[Neelam Panchal]], [[Claire Booth]], [[Jennifer L. Cannons]] & [[Pamela L. Schwartzberg]]
  | title = X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Disease Type 1: A Clinical and Molecular Perspective
  | title = X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Disease Type 1: A Clinical and Molecular Perspective
Line 629: Line 630:


==XLP2==
==XLP2==
* XLP2 (X linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type2) is caused by a mutation in the gene called XIAP (X linked inhibitor of apoptosis) located on chromosome Xq25.<ref>{{Cite journal
* XLP2 ([[X linked]] lymphoproliferative syndrome type2) is caused by a [[mutation]] in the [[gene]] called [[XIAP]] ([[X linked]] inhibitor of [[apoptosis]]) located on [[x chromosome|chromosome Xq25]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
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  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* XIAP gene encodes a protein that belongs to a family of apoptotic suppressor proteins, members of this family share a baculovirus IAP repeat which is necessary for their anti-apoptotic function.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[XIAP]] [[gene]] encodes a [[protein]] that belongs to a family of [[apoptosis|apoptotic]] suppressor [[proteins]], members of this family share a [[baculovirus]] IAP repeat which is necessary for their anti-apoptotic function.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 653: Line 654:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* XLP2 can present as; fever, splenomegaly, chronic EBV infection, colitis/IBD,hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and recurrent infections.<ref>{{Cite journal
* XLP2 can present as; [[fever]], [[splenomegaly]], chronic [[EBV]] [[infection]], [[colitis]]/[[IBD]],[[hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis|hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)]] and recurrent [[infections]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Xi Yang]], [[Hirokazu Kanegane]], [[Naonori Nishida]], [[Toshihiko Imamura]], [[Kazuko Hamamoto]], [[Ritsuko Miyashita]], [[Kohsuke Imai]], [[Shigeaki Nonoyama]], [[Kazunori Sanayama]], [[Akiko Yamaide]], [[Fumiyo Kato]], [[Kozo Nagai]], [[Eiichi Ishii]], [[Menno C. van Zelm]], [[Sylvain Latour]], [[Xiao-Dong Zhao]] & [[Toshio Miyawaki]]
  | author = [[Xi Yang]], [[Hirokazu Kanegane]], [[Naonori Nishida]], [[Toshihiko Imamura]], [[Kazuko Hamamoto]], [[Ritsuko Miyashita]], [[Kohsuke Imai]], [[Shigeaki Nonoyama]], [[Kazunori Sanayama]], [[Akiko Yamaide]], [[Fumiyo Kato]], [[Kozo Nagai]], [[Eiichi Ishii]], [[Menno C. van Zelm]], [[Sylvain Latour]], [[Xiao-Dong Zhao]] & [[Toshio Miyawaki]]
  | title = Clinical and genetic characteristics of XIAP deficiency in Japan
  | title = Clinical and genetic characteristics of XIAP deficiency in Japan
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  | pmid = 25666262
  | pmid = 25666262
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
*  Treatment includes; immunosuppressive agents such as steroids or etoposide or antithymocyte globulin, rituximab and IV immunoglobulin replacement therapy. The only curative treatment is allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST).<ref>{{Cite journal
*  Treatment includes; [[immunosuppression|immunosuppressive agents]] such as [[steroids]] or [[etoposide]] or antithymocyte [[globulin]], [[rituximab]] and IV [[immunoglobulin]] replacement therapy. The only curative treatment is [[stem cell transplantation|allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST)]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | year = 1993
  | year = 1993
  | month =  
  | month =  
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==CD27 Deficiency==
==CD27 Deficiency==
* CD27 deficiency/Lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2 is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a mutation in CD27 gene located on chromosome 12p13.31.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[CD27]] deficiency/Lymphoproliferative [[syndrome]] type 2 is an [[autosomal recessive]] [[disease]] caused by a [[mutation]] in [[CD27]] [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 12|chromosome 12p13.31]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
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  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* CD27 gene encodes a protein of TNF-receptor superfmaily, which is required for generation and longterm maintenance of T cell immunity. It binds to CD70 and plays a role in regulating B cell activation and immunoglobulin synthesis.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[CD27]] [[gene]] encodes a [[protien of [[TNF]]-[[receptor]] superfmaily, which is required for generation and longterm maintenance of [[T cell]] [[immunity]]. It binds to [[CD70]] and plays a role in regulating [[B cell]] activation and [[immunoglobulin]] synthesis.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
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  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* It presents with persistent EBV viremia, hypogammaglobulinemia, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and malignant lymphoma.<ref>{{Cite journal
* It presents with persistent [[EBV]] [[viremia]], [[hypogammaglobulinemia]], [[hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis|hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)]] and [[malignancy|malignant]] [[lymphoma]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Elisabeth Salzer]], [[Svenja Daschkey]], [[Sharon Choo]], [[Michael Gombert]], [[Elisangela Santos-Valente]], [[Sebastian Ginzel]], [[Martina Schwendinger]], [[Oskar A. Haas]], [[Gerhard Fritsch]], [[Winfried F. Pickl]], [[Elisabeth Forster-Waldl]], [[Arndt Borkhardt]], [[Kaan Boztug]], [[Kirsten Bienemann]] & [[Markus G. Seidel]]
  | author = [[Elisabeth Salzer]], [[Svenja Daschkey]], [[Sharon Choo]], [[Michael Gombert]], [[Elisangela Santos-Valente]], [[Sebastian Ginzel]], [[Martina Schwendinger]], [[Oskar A. Haas]], [[Gerhard Fritsch]], [[Winfried F. Pickl]], [[Elisabeth Forster-Waldl]], [[Arndt Borkhardt]], [[Kaan Boztug]], [[Kirsten Bienemann]] & [[Markus G. Seidel]]
  | title = Combined immunodeficiency with life-threatening EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorder in patients lacking functional CD27
  | title = Combined immunodeficiency with life-threatening EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorder in patients lacking functional CD27
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  | pmid = 22801960
  | pmid = 22801960
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Treatment includes; management of complications, rituximab and allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment includes; management of complications, [[rituximab]] and [[stem cell transplantation|allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Elisabeth Salzer]], [[Svenja Daschkey]], [[Sharon Choo]], [[Michael Gombert]], [[Elisangela Santos-Valente]], [[Sebastian Ginzel]], [[Martina Schwendinger]], [[Oskar A. Haas]], [[Gerhard Fritsch]], [[Winfried F. Pickl]], [[Elisabeth Forster-Waldl]], [[Arndt Borkhardt]], [[Kaan Boztug]], [[Kirsten Bienemann]] & [[Markus G. Seidel]]
  | author = [[Elisabeth Salzer]], [[Svenja Daschkey]], [[Sharon Choo]], [[Michael Gombert]], [[Elisangela Santos-Valente]], [[Sebastian Ginzel]], [[Martina Schwendinger]], [[Oskar A. Haas]], [[Gerhard Fritsch]], [[Winfried F. Pickl]], [[Elisabeth Forster-Waldl]], [[Arndt Borkhardt]], [[Kaan Boztug]], [[Kirsten Bienemann]] & [[Markus G. Seidel]]
  | title = Combined immunodeficiency with life-threatening EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorder in patients lacking functional CD27
  | title = Combined immunodeficiency with life-threatening EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorder in patients lacking functional CD27
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==FAAP24 Deficiency==
==FAAP24 Deficiency==
* FAAP24 (fanconi anemia associated protein 24) plays a crucial role in DNA damage response, is located on chromosome 19q13.11.<ref>{{Cite journal
* FAAP24 ([[fanconi anemia]] associated [[protein]] 24) plays a crucial role in [[DNA]] damage response, is located on [[chromosome 19|chromosome 19q13.11]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
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  | pmid = 18995830
  | pmid = 18995830
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* FAAP24 deficiency can present as EBV associated lymphoproliferative disease, fanconi anemia.<ref>{{Cite journal
* FAAP24 deficiency can present as [[EBV]] associated [[lymphoproliferative disease]], [[fanconi anemia]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Svenja Daschkey]], [[Kirsten Bienemann]], [[Volker Schuster]], [[Hans Wolfgang Kreth]], [[Rene Martin Linka]], [[Andrea Honscheid]], [[Gerhard Fritz]], [[Christian Johannes]], [[Bernhard Fleckenstein]], [[Bettina Kempkes]], [[Michael Gombert]], [[Sebastian Ginzel]] & [[Arndt Borkhardt]]
  | author = [[Svenja Daschkey]], [[Kirsten Bienemann]], [[Volker Schuster]], [[Hans Wolfgang Kreth]], [[Rene Martin Linka]], [[Andrea Honscheid]], [[Gerhard Fritz]], [[Christian Johannes]], [[Bernhard Fleckenstein]], [[Bettina Kempkes]], [[Michael Gombert]], [[Sebastian Ginzel]] & [[Arndt Borkhardt]]
  | title = Fatal Lymphoproliferative Disease in Two Siblings Lacking Functional FAAP24
  | title = Fatal Lymphoproliferative Disease in Two Siblings Lacking Functional FAAP24
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==Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome(ALPS)==
==Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome(ALPS)==
* Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome is caused by immune dysregulation due to a defect in lymphocyte apoptosis.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]] is caused by [[immune dysregulation]] due to a defect in [[lymphocyte]] [[apoptosis]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Shaili Shah]], [[Eveline Wu]], [[V. Koneti Rao]] & [[Teresa K. Tarrant]]
  | author = [[Shaili Shah]], [[Eveline Wu]], [[V. Koneti Rao]] & [[Teresa K. Tarrant]]
  | title = Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: an update and review of the literature
  | title = Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: an update and review of the literature
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  | pmid = 25086580
  | pmid = 25086580
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* It occurs due to a mutation in the gene FAS (chromosome 10q23.31), but can also occur due to mutations in the genes FAS ligand (chromosome 1q24.3), caspase 10 (chromosome 9) and caspase 8 (chromosome 2q33.1).<ref>{{Cite journal
* It occurs due to a [[mutation]] in the [[gene]] [[FAS]] ([[chromosome 10|chromosome 10q23.31]]), but can also occur due to [[mutations]] in the [[genes]] [[FAS]] [[ligand]] ([[chromosome 1|chromosome 1q24.3]]), [[caspase 10]] ([[chromosome 9]]) and [[caspase 8]] ([[chromosome 2|chromosome 2q33.1]]).<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Pu Li]], [[Ping Huang]], [[Ye Yang]], [[Mu Hao]], [[Hongwei Peng]] & [[Fei Li]]
  | author = [[Pu Li]], [[Ping Huang]], [[Ye Yang]], [[Mu Hao]], [[Hongwei Peng]] & [[Fei Li]]
  | title = Updated Understanding of Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS)
  | title = Updated Understanding of Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS)
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  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* It can be transmitted in an autosomal recessive and dominant fashion.<ref>{{Cite journal
* It can be transmitted in an [[autosomal recessive]] and [[autosomal dominant|dominant]] fashion.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 827: Line 828:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* It presents as; lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, increased risk of lymphoma and autoimmune disease which causes multilineage cytopenias.<ref>{{Cite journal
* It presents as; [[lymphadenopathy]], [[splenomegaly]], increased risk of [[lymphoma]] and [[autoimmune disease]] which causes [[pancytopenia|multilineage cytopenias]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Shaili Shah]], [[Eveline Wu]], [[V. Koneti Rao]] & [[Teresa K. Tarrant]]
  | author = [[Shaili Shah]], [[Eveline Wu]], [[V. Koneti Rao]] & [[Teresa K. Tarrant]]
  | title = Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: an update and review of the literature
  | title = Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: an update and review of the literature
Line 839: Line 840:
  | pmid = 25086580
  | pmid = 25086580
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Treatment includes; corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, IVIG, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST).<ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment includes; [[corticosteroids]], [[immunosuppression|immunosuppressive drugs]], [[IVIG]], [[granulocyte colony stimulating factor|granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)]], [[stem cell transplantation|hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST)]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[V. Koneti Rao]] & [[Joao Bosco Oliveira]]
  | author = [[V. Koneti Rao]] & [[Joao Bosco Oliveira]]
  | title = How I treat autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
  | title = How I treat autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
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==FADD Deficiency==
==FADD Deficiency==
* FADD (Fas associated via death domain) gene located on chromosome 11q13.3 encodes a protein adapter molecule that interacts with various cell surface receptors including TNF receptor superfamily and mediates cell apoptotic signals.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[FADD]] ([[Fas]] associated via death domain) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 11|chromosome 11q13.3]] encodes a [[protein]] adapter molecule that interacts with various [[cell]] surface [[receptors]] including [[TNF]] [[receptor]] superfamily and mediates [[cell]] [[apoptosis|apoptotic]] signals.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 865: Line 866:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* FADD deficiency can present as recurrent infections, hepatic dsfunction, cardiovascular malformations, encephalopathy, decrease in hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor enriched population and autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[FADD]] deficiency can present as recurrent [[infections]], [[hepatic]] dsfunction, [[cardiovascular]] [[malformations]], [[encephalopathy]], decrease in [[hematopoietic stem cells]] and progenitor enriched population and [[autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Alexandre Bolze]], [[Minji Byun]], [[David McDonald]], [[Neil V. Morgan]], [[Avinash Abhyankar]], [[Lakshmanane Premkumar]], [[Anne Puel]], [[Chris M. Bacon]], [[Frederic Rieux-Laucat]], [[Ki Pang]], [[Alison Britland]], [[Laurent Abel]], [[Andrew Cant]], [[Eamonn R. Maher]], [[Stefan J. Riedl]], [[Sophie Hambleton]] & [[Jean-Laurent Casanova]]
  | author = [[Alexandre Bolze]], [[Minji Byun]], [[David McDonald]], [[Neil V. Morgan]], [[Avinash Abhyankar]], [[Lakshmanane Premkumar]], [[Anne Puel]], [[Chris M. Bacon]], [[Frederic Rieux-Laucat]], [[Ki Pang]], [[Alison Britland]], [[Laurent Abel]], [[Andrew Cant]], [[Eamonn R. Maher]], [[Stefan J. Riedl]], [[Sophie Hambleton]] & [[Jean-Laurent Casanova]]
  | title = Whole-exome-sequencing-based discovery of human FADD deficiency
  | title = Whole-exome-sequencing-based discovery of human FADD deficiency
Line 888: Line 889:
  | pmid = 21115735
  | pmid = 21115735
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Treatment includes; supportive management and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.<ref name="SavicParry2015">{{cite journal|last1=Savic|first1=Sinisa|last2=Parry|first2=David|last3=Carter|first3=Clive|last4=Johnson|first4=Colin|last5=Logan|first5=Clare|last6=Gutierrez|first6=Beatriz Morillo|last7=Thomas|first7=Julian E.|last8=Bacon|first8=Chris M.|last9=Cant|first9=Andrew|last10=Hambleton|first10=Sophie|title=A new case of Fas-associated death domain protein deficiency and update on treatment outcomes|journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=136|issue=2|year=2015|pages=502–505.e4|issn=00916749|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2015.02.002}}</ref>
* Treatment includes; supportive management and [[stem cell transplantation|hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]].<ref name="SavicParry2015">{{cite journal|last1=Savic|first1=Sinisa|last2=Parry|first2=David|last3=Carter|first3=Clive|last4=Johnson|first4=Colin|last5=Logan|first5=Clare|last6=Gutierrez|first6=Beatriz Morillo|last7=Thomas|first7=Julian E.|last8=Bacon|first8=Chris M.|last9=Cant|first9=Andrew|last10=Hambleton|first10=Sophie|title=A new case of Fas-associated death domain protein deficiency and update on treatment outcomes|journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=136|issue=2|year=2015|pages=502–505.e4|issn=00916749|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2015.02.002}}</ref>


==LRBA Deficiency==
==LRBA Deficiency==
* LRBA (lipopolysaccharide responsive biege like anchor protein) gene located on chromosome 4q31.3 encodes a protein which associates with protein kinase A and may be involved in leading intracellular vesicles to activated receptor complexes, which aids in secretion and membrane deposition of immune effector molecules.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[LRBA]] ([[lipopolysaccharide]] responsive biege like anchor [[protein]]) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 4|chromosome 4q31.3]] encodes a [[protein]] which associates with [[protein kinase A]] and may be involved in leading [[intracellular vesicles]] to activated [[receptor]] complexes, which aids in [[secretion]] and [[membrane]] deposition of [[immune]] effector [[molecules]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 903: Line 904:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* LRBA deficiency can present as lymphoproliferation, autoimmunity, humoral immune deficiency, pure red cell aplasia, acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura and IBD like symptoms.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[LRBA]] deficiency can present as [[lymphoproliferation]], [[autoimmunity]], [[humoral immune deficiency]], [[pure red cell aplasia]], acquired amegakaryocytic [[thrombocytopenic purpura]] and [[inflammatory bowel disease|IBD like symptoms]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Madhvi Rajpurkar]], [[Steven Buck]], [[Jennifer Lafferty]], [[Erin Wakeling]], [[Yaddanapudi Ravindranath]] & [[Sureyya Savasan]]
  | author = [[Madhvi Rajpurkar]], [[Steven Buck]], [[Jennifer Lafferty]], [[Erin Wakeling]], [[Yaddanapudi Ravindranath]] & [[Sureyya Savasan]]
  | title = Acquired Pure Red Cell Aplasia and Acquired Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia Associated With Clonal Expansion of T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytes in a Patient With Lipopolysaccharide-responsive Beige-like Anchor (LRBA) Protein Deficiency
  | title = Acquired Pure Red Cell Aplasia and Acquired Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia Associated With Clonal Expansion of T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytes in a Patient With Lipopolysaccharide-responsive Beige-like Anchor (LRBA) Protein Deficiency
Line 934: Line 935:
  | pmid = 22721650
  | pmid = 22721650
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Treatment includes; immunosuppressive therapy, immunoglobulin replacement therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST).<ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment includes; [[immunosuppression|immunosuppressive therapy]], [[immunoglobulin]] replacement therapy and [[stem cell transplantation|hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST)]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Bianca Tesi]], [[Peter Priftakis]], [[Fredrik Lindgren]], [[Samuel C. C. Chiang]], [[Nikolaos Kartalis]], [[Alexandra Lofstedt]], [[Esther Lorinc]], [[Jan-Inge Henter]], [[Jacek Winiarski]], [[Yenan T. Bryceson]] & [[Marie Meeths]]
  | author = [[Bianca Tesi]], [[Peter Priftakis]], [[Fredrik Lindgren]], [[Samuel C. C. Chiang]], [[Nikolaos Kartalis]], [[Alexandra Lofstedt]], [[Esther Lorinc]], [[Jan-Inge Henter]], [[Jacek Winiarski]], [[Yenan T. Bryceson]] & [[Marie Meeths]]
  | title = Successful Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient with LPS-Responsive Beige-Like Anchor (LRBA) Gene Mutation
  | title = Successful Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient with LPS-Responsive Beige-Like Anchor (LRBA) Gene Mutation
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==STAT3 GOF Mutations==
==STAT3 GOF Mutations==
* STAT3 (signal transducer & activator of transcription 3) gene located on chromosome 17q21.2 encodes a protein, which when phosphorylated and activated translocates to the nucleus and mediates the expression of variety of genes, playing a key role in many cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[STAT3]] (signal transducer & activator of [[transcription]] 3) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 17|chromosome 17q21.2]] encodes a [[protein]], which when [[phosphorylation|phosphorylated]] and activated translocates to the [[nucleus]] and mediates the expression of variety of [[genes]], playing a key role in many [[cell|cellular]] processes such as [[cell]] growth and [[apoptosis]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 960: Line 961:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* STAT3 GOF (STAT3 gain of function) mutation can present as; lymphocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, aplastic anemia, infections, multiorgan autoimmune disease and short stature.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[STAT3]] GOF (STAT3 gain of function) [[mutation]] can present as; [[lymphocytic leukemia]], [[myelodysplastic syndrome]], [[aplastic anemia]], [[infections]], multiorgan [[autoimmune disease]] and [[short stature]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Joshua D. Milner]], [[Tiphanie P. Vogel]], [[Lisa Forbes]], [[Chi A. Ma]], [[Asbjorg Stray-Pedersen]], [[Julie E. Niemela]], [[Jonathan J. Lyons]], [[Karin R. Engelhardt]], [[Yu Zhang]], [[Nermina Topcagic]], [[Elisha D. O. Roberson]], [[Helen Matthews]], [[James W. Verbsky]], [[Trivikram Dasu]], [[Alexander Vargas-Hernandez]], [[Nidhy Varghese]], [[Kenneth L. McClain]], [[Lina B. Karam]], [[Karen Nahmod]], [[George Makedonas]], [[Emily M. Mace]], [[Hanne S. Sorte]], [[Gori Perminow]], [[V. Koneti Rao]], [[Michael P. O'Connell]], [[Susan Price]], [[Helen C. Su]], [[Morgan Butrick]], [[Joshua McElwee]], [[Jason D. Hughes]], [[Joseph Willet]], [[David Swan]], [[Yaobo Xu]], [[Mauro Santibanez-Koref]], [[Voytek Slowik]], [[Darrell L. Dinwiddie]], [[Christina E. Ciaccio]], [[Carol J. Saunders]], [[Seth Septer]], [[Stephen F. Kingsmore]], [[Andrew J. White]], [[Andrew J. Cant]], [[Sophie Hambleton]] & [[Megan A. Cooper]]
  | author = [[Joshua D. Milner]], [[Tiphanie P. Vogel]], [[Lisa Forbes]], [[Chi A. Ma]], [[Asbjorg Stray-Pedersen]], [[Julie E. Niemela]], [[Jonathan J. Lyons]], [[Karin R. Engelhardt]], [[Yu Zhang]], [[Nermina Topcagic]], [[Elisha D. O. Roberson]], [[Helen Matthews]], [[James W. Verbsky]], [[Trivikram Dasu]], [[Alexander Vargas-Hernandez]], [[Nidhy Varghese]], [[Kenneth L. McClain]], [[Lina B. Karam]], [[Karen Nahmod]], [[George Makedonas]], [[Emily M. Mace]], [[Hanne S. Sorte]], [[Gori Perminow]], [[V. Koneti Rao]], [[Michael P. O'Connell]], [[Susan Price]], [[Helen C. Su]], [[Morgan Butrick]], [[Joshua McElwee]], [[Jason D. Hughes]], [[Joseph Willet]], [[David Swan]], [[Yaobo Xu]], [[Mauro Santibanez-Koref]], [[Voytek Slowik]], [[Darrell L. Dinwiddie]], [[Christina E. Ciaccio]], [[Carol J. Saunders]], [[Seth Septer]], [[Stephen F. Kingsmore]], [[Andrew J. White]], [[Andrew J. Cant]], [[Sophie Hambleton]] & [[Megan A. Cooper]]
  | title = Early-onset lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity caused by germline STAT3 gain-of-function mutations
  | title = Early-onset lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity caused by germline STAT3 gain-of-function mutations
Line 972: Line 973:
  | pmid = 25359994
  | pmid = 25359994
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Treatment includes; steroids, IVIG, rituximab, mycophenolic acid and heatopoietic stem cell transplantation.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment includes; [[steroids]], [[IVIG]], [[rituximab]], [[mycophenolic acid]] and [[hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Michael Alexander Weinreich]], [[Tiphanie P. Vogel]], [[V. Koneti Rao]] & [[Joshua D. Milner]]
  | author = [[Michael Alexander Weinreich]], [[Tiphanie P. Vogel]], [[V. Koneti Rao]] & [[Joshua D. Milner]]
  | title = Up, Down, and All Around: Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel STAT3 Variant
  | title = Up, Down, and All Around: Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel STAT3 Variant
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==IL10 Deficiency==
==IL10 Deficiency==
* IL10 (interleukin 10) gene located on chromosome 1q32.1 encodes a protein that has pleiotropic effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It downregulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II antigens & costimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation & antibody production.<ref>{{Cite journal
* IL10 ([[interleukin]] 10) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 1|chromosome 1q32.1]] encodes a [[protein]] that has [[pleiotropic]] effects in [[immunoregulation]] and [[inflammation]]. It downregulates the expression of [[helper t cell|Th1]] [[cytokines]], [[MHC class II antigens]] & costimulatory molecules on [[macrophages]]. It also enhances [[B cell]] survival, proliferation & [[antibody]] production.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[W. K. Eddie Ip]], [[Namiko Hoshi]], [[Dror S. Shouval]], [[Scott Snapper]] & [[Ruslan Medzhitov]]
  | author = [[W. K. Eddie Ip]], [[Namiko Hoshi]], [[Dror S. Shouval]], [[Scott Snapper]] & [[Ruslan Medzhitov]]
  | title = Anti-inflammatory effect of IL-10 mediated by metabolic reprogramming of macrophages
  | title = Anti-inflammatory effect of IL-10 mediated by metabolic reprogramming of macrophages
Line 1,008: Line 1,009:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* IL10 deficency can present as; immune dysregulation and very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD).<ref>{{Cite journal
* IL10 deficency can present as; immune dysregulation and very early onset [[inflammatory bowel disease]] (VEO-IBD).<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Karin R. Engelhardt]], [[Neil Shah]], [[Intan Faizura-Yeop]], [[Dilara F. Kocacik Uygun]], [[Natalie Frede]], [[Aleixo M. Muise]], [[Eyal Shteyer]], [[Serkan Filiz]], [[Ronnie Chee]], [[Mamoun Elawad]], [[Britta Hartmann]], [[Peter D. Arkwright]], [[Christopher Dvorak]], [[Christoph Klein]], [[Jennifer M. Puck]], [[Bodo Grimbacher]] & [[Erik-Oliver Glocker]]
  | author = [[Karin R. Engelhardt]], [[Neil Shah]], [[Intan Faizura-Yeop]], [[Dilara F. Kocacik Uygun]], [[Natalie Frede]], [[Aleixo M. Muise]], [[Eyal Shteyer]], [[Serkan Filiz]], [[Ronnie Chee]], [[Mamoun Elawad]], [[Britta Hartmann]], [[Peter D. Arkwright]], [[Christopher Dvorak]], [[Christoph Klein]], [[Jennifer M. Puck]], [[Bodo Grimbacher]] & [[Erik-Oliver Glocker]]
  | title = Clinical outcome in IL-10- and IL-10 receptor-deficient patients with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
  | title = Clinical outcome in IL-10- and IL-10 receptor-deficient patients with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Line 1,031: Line 1,032:
  | pmid = 28496525
  | pmid = 28496525
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* The only curative treatment option is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST).<ref name="EngelhardtShah2013">{{cite journal|last1=Engelhardt|first1=Karin R.|last2=Shah|first2=Neil|last3=Faizura-Yeop|first3=Intan|last4=Kocacik Uygun|first4=Dilara F.|last5=Frede|first5=Natalie|last6=Muise|first6=Aleixo M.|last7=Shteyer|first7=Eyal|last8=Filiz|first8=Serkan|last9=Chee|first9=Ronnie|last10=Elawad|first10=Mamoun|last11=Hartmann|first11=Britta|last12=Arkwright|first12=Peter D.|last13=Dvorak|first13=Christopher|last14=Klein|first14=Christoph|last15=Puck|first15=Jennifer M.|last16=Grimbacher|first16=Bodo|last17=Glocker|first17=Erik-Oliver|title=Clinical outcome in IL-10– and IL-10 receptor–deficient patients with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation|journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=131|issue=3|year=2013|pages=825–830.e9|issn=00916749|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2012.09.025}}</ref><ref name="KaracaAksu2016">{{cite journal|last1=Karaca|first1=Neslihan Edeer|last2=Aksu|first2=Guzide|last3=Ulusoy|first3=Ezgi|last4=Aksoylar|first4=Serap|last5=Gozmen|first5=Salih|last6=Genel|first6=Ferah|last7=Akarcan|first7=Sanem|last8=Gulez|first8=Nesrin|last9=Hirschmugl|first9=Tatjana|last10=Kansoy|first10=Savas|last11=Boztug|first11=Kaan|last12=Kutukculer|first12=Necil|title=Early Diagnosis and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for IL10R Deficiency Leading to Very Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease Are Essential in Familial Cases|journal=Case Reports in Immunology|volume=2016|year=2016|pages=1–5|issn=2090-6609|doi=10.1155/2016/5459029}}</ref>
* The only curative treatment option is [[stem cell transplantation|hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST)]].<ref name="EngelhardtShah2013">{{cite journal|last1=Engelhardt|first1=Karin R.|last2=Shah|first2=Neil|last3=Faizura-Yeop|first3=Intan|last4=Kocacik Uygun|first4=Dilara F.|last5=Frede|first5=Natalie|last6=Muise|first6=Aleixo M.|last7=Shteyer|first7=Eyal|last8=Filiz|first8=Serkan|last9=Chee|first9=Ronnie|last10=Elawad|first10=Mamoun|last11=Hartmann|first11=Britta|last12=Arkwright|first12=Peter D.|last13=Dvorak|first13=Christopher|last14=Klein|first14=Christoph|last15=Puck|first15=Jennifer M.|last16=Grimbacher|first16=Bodo|last17=Glocker|first17=Erik-Oliver|title=Clinical outcome in IL-10– and IL-10 receptor–deficient patients with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation|journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=131|issue=3|year=2013|pages=825–830.e9|issn=00916749|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2012.09.025}}</ref><ref name="KaracaAksu2016">{{cite journal|last1=Karaca|first1=Neslihan Edeer|last2=Aksu|first2=Guzide|last3=Ulusoy|first3=Ezgi|last4=Aksoylar|first4=Serap|last5=Gozmen|first5=Salih|last6=Genel|first6=Ferah|last7=Akarcan|first7=Sanem|last8=Gulez|first8=Nesrin|last9=Hirschmugl|first9=Tatjana|last10=Kansoy|first10=Savas|last11=Boztug|first11=Kaan|last12=Kutukculer|first12=Necil|title=Early Diagnosis and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for IL10R Deficiency Leading to Very Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease Are Essential in Familial Cases|journal=Case Reports in Immunology|volume=2016|year=2016|pages=1–5|issn=2090-6609|doi=10.1155/2016/5459029}}</ref>


===IL10RA Deficiency===
===IL10RA Deficiency===
* IL10RA (internleukin 10 receptor subunit alpha) gene located on chromosome 11q23.3 encodes a protein which is a receptor for interleukin 10. It mediates the immunosuppressive signal for IL10 and thus inhibits the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines.<ref>{{Cite journal
* IL10RA ([[internleukin]] 10 [[receptor]] subunit alpha) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 11|chromosome 11q23.3]] encodes a [[protein]] which is a [[receptor]] for [[interleukin]] 10. It mediates the [[immunosuppression
immunosuppressive]] signal for IL10 and thus inhibits the synthesis of proinflammatory [[cytokines]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 1,048: Line 1,050:


===IL10RB Deficiency===
===IL10RB Deficiency===
* IL10RB (interleukin 10 receptor subunit beta) gene located on chromosome 21q22.11 encodes a protein which belongs to cytokine receptor family. It is an accessory chain essential for active interleukin 10 receptor complex. Cooexpression of this and IL10RA protein is required for IL10 induced signal transduction.<ref>{{Cite journal
* IL10RB ([[interleukin]] 10 [[receptor]] subunit beta) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 21|chromosome 21q22.11]] encodes a [[protein]] which belongs to [[cytokine]] [[receptor]] family. It is an accessory chain essential for active [[interleukin]] 10 [[receptor]] complex. Cooexpression of this and IL10RA [[protein]] is required for IL10 induced signal transduction.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 1,062: Line 1,064:


==NFAT5 Haploinsufficiency==
==NFAT5 Haploinsufficiency==
* NFAT5 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 5) gene located on chromosome 16q22.1 encodes a protein, which is a member of activated T cells family of transcription factors. They play a central role in inducible gene transcription during immune response. This protein regulates gene expression induced by osmotic stress in mammalian cells.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[NFAT5]] ([[nucleus|nuclear]] factor of activated [[T cells]] 5) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 16|chromosome 16q22.1]] encodes a [[protein]], which is a member of activated [[T cells]] family of [[transcription factors]]. They play a central role in inducible [[gene]] [[transcription]] during immune response. This [[protein]] regulates [[gene]] expression induced by [[osmosis|osmotic]] stress in mammalian [[cell|cells]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 1,074: Line 1,076:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* NFAT5 haploinsufficiency presents with; autoimmune diseases, primary immunodeficiency syndromes, autoimmune enterocolopathy, decreased cytokines and NK cells and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[NFAT5]] [[haploinsufficiency]] presents with; [[autoimmune diseases]], [[primary immunodeficiency syndromes]], [[autoimmune]] enterocolopathy, decreased [[cytokines]] and [[natural killer cell|NK cells]] and [[inflammatory bowel disease|inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Brigid S. Boland]], [[Christella E. Widjaja]], [[Asoka Banno]], [[Bing Zhang]], [[Stephanie H. Kim]], [[Samantha Stoven]], [[Michael R. Peterson]], [[Marilyn C. Jones]], [[H. Irene Su]], [[Sheila E. Crowe]], [[Jack D. Bui]], [[Samuel B. Ho]], [[Yoshinaga Okugawa]], [[Ajay Goel]], [[Eric V. Marietta]], [[Mahdieh Khosroheidari]], [[Kristen Jepsen]], [[Jose Aramburu]], [[Cristina Lopez-Rodriguez]], [[William J. Sandborn]], [[Joseph A. Murray]], [[Olivier Harismendy]] & [[John T. Chang]]
  | author = [[Brigid S. Boland]], [[Christella E. Widjaja]], [[Asoka Banno]], [[Bing Zhang]], [[Stephanie H. Kim]], [[Samantha Stoven]], [[Michael R. Peterson]], [[Marilyn C. Jones]], [[H. Irene Su]], [[Sheila E. Crowe]], [[Jack D. Bui]], [[Samuel B. Ho]], [[Yoshinaga Okugawa]], [[Ajay Goel]], [[Eric V. Marietta]], [[Mahdieh Khosroheidari]], [[Kristen Jepsen]], [[Jose Aramburu]], [[Cristina Lopez-Rodriguez]], [[William J. Sandborn]], [[Joseph A. Murray]], [[Olivier Harismendy]] & [[John T. Chang]]
  | title = Immunodeficiency and autoimmune enterocolopathy linked to NFAT5 haploinsufficiency
  | title = Immunodeficiency and autoimmune enterocolopathy linked to NFAT5 haploinsufficiency
Line 1,086: Line 1,088:
  | pmid = 25667416
  | pmid = 25667416
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Treatment includes supportive management and immunosuppressive drugs.<ref name="BolandWidjaja2015">{{cite journal|last1=Boland|first1=Brigid S.|last2=Widjaja|first2=Christella E.|last3=Banno|first3=Asoka|last4=Zhang|first4=Bing|last5=Kim|first5=Stephanie H.|last6=Stoven|first6=Samantha|last7=Peterson|first7=Michael R.|last8=Jones|first8=Marilyn C.|last9=Su|first9=H. Irene|last10=Crowe|first10=Sheila E.|last11=Bui|first11=Jack D.|last12=Ho|first12=Samuel B.|last13=Okugawa|first13=Yoshinaga|last14=Goel|first14=Ajay|last15=Marietta|first15=Eric V.|last16=Khosroheidari|first16=Mahdieh|last17=Jepsen|first17=Kristen|last18=Aramburu|first18=Jose|last19=López-Rodríguez|first19=Cristina|last20=Sandborn|first20=William J.|last21=Murray|first21=Joseph A.|last22=Harismendy|first22=Olivier|last23=Chang|first23=John T.|title=Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Enterocolopathy Linked to NFAT5 Haploinsufficiency|journal=The Journal of Immunology|volume=194|issue=6|year=2015|pages=2551–2560|issn=0022-1767|doi=10.4049/jimmunol.1401463}}</ref>
* Treatment includes supportive management and [[immunosuppression|immunosuppressive drugs]].<ref name="BolandWidjaja2015">{{cite journal|last1=Boland|first1=Brigid S.|last2=Widjaja|first2=Christella E.|last3=Banno|first3=Asoka|last4=Zhang|first4=Bing|last5=Kim|first5=Stephanie H.|last6=Stoven|first6=Samantha|last7=Peterson|first7=Michael R.|last8=Jones|first8=Marilyn C.|last9=Su|first9=H. Irene|last10=Crowe|first10=Sheila E.|last11=Bui|first11=Jack D.|last12=Ho|first12=Samuel B.|last13=Okugawa|first13=Yoshinaga|last14=Goel|first14=Ajay|last15=Marietta|first15=Eric V.|last16=Khosroheidari|first16=Mahdieh|last17=Jepsen|first17=Kristen|last18=Aramburu|first18=Jose|last19=López-Rodríguez|first19=Cristina|last20=Sandborn|first20=William J.|last21=Murray|first21=Joseph A.|last22=Harismendy|first22=Olivier|last23=Chang|first23=John T.|title=Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Enterocolopathy Linked to NFAT5 Haploinsufficiency|journal=The Journal of Immunology|volume=194|issue=6|year=2015|pages=2551–2560|issn=0022-1767|doi=10.4049/jimmunol.1401463}}</ref>


==Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Candidiasis Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED)==
==Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Candidiasis Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED)==
* APECED or autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 (APS1), an autoimmune recessive disease caused by a mutation in the gene called AIRE (autoimmune regulator) located on chromosome 21q22.3.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[APECED]] or autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 (APS1), an [[autoimmune]] [[recessive]] [[disease]] caused by a [[mutation]] in the [[gene]] called AIRE ([[autoimmune]] regulator) located on [[chromosome 21|chromosome 21q22.3]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 1,101: Line 1,103:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* The autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE) encodes a transciptional regulator which plays an important role in immunity by regulating the expression of autoantigens & negative selection of autoreactive T cells in thymus.<ref>{{Cite journal
* The [[autoimmune]] regulator [[gene]] (AIRE) encodes a [[transcription|transciptional]] regulator which plays an important role in [[immunity]] by regulating the expression of [[autoantigens]] & negative selection of autoreactive [[T cells] in [[thymus]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 1,113: Line 1,115:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* APECED is characterized by presence of chronic candida infection, autoimmune hypoparathyroidism and addison's disease. At least two of these three major components need to be present for diagnosis.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[APECED]] is characterized by presence of [[candidiasis|chronic candida infection]], [[autoimmune]] [[hypoparathyroidism]] and [[addison's disease]]. At least two of these three major components need to be present for [[diagnosis]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[P. Peterson]], [[J. Pitkanen]], [[N. Sillanpaa]] & [[K. Krohn]]
  | author = [[P. Peterson]], [[J. Pitkanen]], [[N. Sillanpaa]] & [[K. Krohn]]
  | title = Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED): a model disease to study molecular aspects of endocrine autoimmunity
  | title = Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED): a model disease to study molecular aspects of endocrine autoimmunity
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  | pmid = 15008965
  | pmid = 15008965
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Other features of APECED include; ovarian failure, insulin dependant diabetes mellitus (IDDM), enamel hypoplasia, alopecia and nail dystrophy.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Other features of [[APECED]] include; [[ovarian failure]], [[insulin dependent diabetes mellitus|insulin dependant diabetes mellitus (IDDM)]], [[enamel]] [[hypoplasia]], [[alopecia]] and [[nail dystrophy]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[P. Peterson]], [[J. Pitkanen]], [[N. Sillanpaa]] & [[K. Krohn]]
  | author = [[P. Peterson]], [[J. Pitkanen]], [[N. Sillanpaa]] & [[K. Krohn]]
  | title = Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED): a model disease to study molecular aspects of endocrine autoimmunity
  | title = Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED): a model disease to study molecular aspects of endocrine autoimmunity
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  | pmid = 15008965
  | pmid = 15008965
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Management of APECED involves treatment of its individual conditions and knowledge and high index of suspicion of this rare syndrome can lead to early detection and prevention of most of its complications.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Management of [[APECED]] involves treatment of its individual conditions and knowledge and high index of suspicion of this rare [[syndrome]] can lead to early detection and prevention of most of its [[complications]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Choudhary Sonal]], [[McLeod Michael]], [[Torchia Daniele]] & [[Romanelli Paolo]]
  | author = [[Choudhary Sonal]], [[McLeod Michael]], [[Torchia Daniele]] & [[Romanelli Paolo]]
  | title = Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy
  | title = Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy
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==ITCH Deficiency==
==ITCH Deficiency==
* ITCH (itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase)gene located on chromosome 20q11.22 encodes a member of the Nedd4 family of HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligases, which plays a role in multiple cellular processes including erytroid and lymphoid cell proliferation and regulation of immune responses.<ref>{{Cite journal
* ITCH (itchy E3 [[ubiquitin]] [[protein]] [[ligase]])[[gene]] located on [[chromosome|chromosome 20q11.22]] encodes a member of the Nedd4 family of HECT domain E3 [[ubiquitin]] [[ligases]], which plays a role in multiple [[cell|cellular]] processes including [[erythroid]] and [[lymphoid]] [[cell]] [[proliferation]] and regulation of [[immunity|immune responses]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 1,160: Line 1,162:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* ITCH deficiency presents with hepatosplenomegaly, failure to thrive, developmental delay, dysmorphic features, relative macrocephaly, chronic lung disease and autoimmune diseases.<ref>{{Cite journal
* ITCH deficiency presents with [[hepatosplenomegaly]], [[failure to thrive]], [[developmental delay]], [[dysmorphic features]], [[macrocephaly|relative macrocephaly]], [[chronic lung disease]] and [[autoimmune]] [[diseases]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Naomi J. Lohr]], [[Jean P. Molleston]], [[Kevin A. Strauss]], [[Wilfredo Torres-Martinez]], [[Eric A. Sherman]], [[Robert H. Squires]], [[Nicholas L. Rider]], [[Kudakwashe R. Chikwava]], [[Oscar W. Cummings]], [[D. Holmes Morton]] & [[Erik G. Puffenberger]]
  | author = [[Naomi J. Lohr]], [[Jean P. Molleston]], [[Kevin A. Strauss]], [[Wilfredo Torres-Martinez]], [[Eric A. Sherman]], [[Robert H. Squires]], [[Nicholas L. Rider]], [[Kudakwashe R. Chikwava]], [[Oscar W. Cummings]], [[D. Holmes Morton]] & [[Erik G. Puffenberger]]
  | title = Human ITCH E3 ubiquitin ligase deficiency causes syndromic multisystem autoimmune disease
  | title = Human ITCH E3 ubiquitin ligase deficiency causes syndromic multisystem autoimmune disease
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  | pmid = 20170897
  | pmid = 20170897
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Treatment includes; corticosteroids, azathioprine, rapamycin and tacrolimus.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment includes; [[corticosteroids]], [[azathioprine]], [[rapamycin]] and [[tacrolimus]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Naomi J. Lohr]], [[Jean P. Molleston]], [[Kevin A. Strauss]], [[Wilfredo Torres-Martinez]], [[Eric A. Sherman]], [[Robert H. Squires]], [[Nicholas L. Rider]], [[Kudakwashe R. Chikwava]], [[Oscar W. Cummings]], [[D. Holmes Morton]] & [[Erik G. Puffenberger]]
  | author = [[Naomi J. Lohr]], [[Jean P. Molleston]], [[Kevin A. Strauss]], [[Wilfredo Torres-Martinez]], [[Eric A. Sherman]], [[Robert H. Squires]], [[Nicholas L. Rider]], [[Kudakwashe R. Chikwava]], [[Oscar W. Cummings]], [[D. Holmes Morton]] & [[Erik G. Puffenberger]]
  | title = Human ITCH E3 ubiquitin ligase deficiency causes syndromic multisystem autoimmune disease
  | title = Human ITCH E3 ubiquitin ligase deficiency causes syndromic multisystem autoimmune disease
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==ZAP70 Mutations==
==ZAP70 Mutations==
* ZAP70 (zeta chain associated protein kinase 70) gene located on chromosome 2q11.2 encodes an enzyme belonging to protein tyrosine kinase family & plays a role in T cell development and lymphocyte activation. This enzyme is also essential for thymocyte development.<ref>{{Cite journal
* ZAP70 (zeta chain associated [[protein]] [[kinase]] 70) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 2|chromosome 2q11.2]] encodes an [[enzyme]] belonging to [[protein]] [[tyrosine]] [[kinase]] family & plays a role in [[T cell]] development and [[lymphocyte]] activation. This [[enzyme]] is also essential for [[thymocyte]] development.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 1,198: Line 1,200:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* ZAP70 mutations are associated with many autoimmune diseases including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).<ref>{{Cite journal
* ZAP70 [[mutations]] are associated with many [[autoimmune]] [[diseases]] including [[chronic lymphocytic leukemia|chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)]] and [[severe combined immunodeficiency|severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Haopeng Wang]], [[Theresa A. Kadlecek]], [[Byron B. Au-Yeung]], [[Hanna E. Sjolin Goodfellow]], [[Lih-Yun Hsu]], [[Tanya S. Freedman]] & [[Arthur Weiss]]
  | author = [[Haopeng Wang]], [[Theresa A. Kadlecek]], [[Byron B. Au-Yeung]], [[Hanna E. Sjolin Goodfellow]], [[Lih-Yun Hsu]], [[Tanya S. Freedman]] & [[Arthur Weiss]]
  | title = ZAP-70: an essential kinase in T-cell signaling
  | title = ZAP-70: an essential kinase in T-cell signaling
Line 1,210: Line 1,212:
  | pmid = 20452964
  | pmid = 20452964
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Treatment of choice is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST).<ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment of choice is [[stem cell transplantation|hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST)]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Alice Y. Chan]], [[Divya Punwani]], [[Theresa A. Kadlecek]], [[Morton J. Cowan]], [[Jean L. Olson]], [[Erin F. Mathes]], [[Uma Sunderam]], [[Shu Man Fu]], [[Rajgopal Srinivasan]], [[John Kuriyan]], [[Steven E. Brenner]], [[Arthur Weiss]] & [[Jennifer M. Puck]]
  | author = [[Alice Y. Chan]], [[Divya Punwani]], [[Theresa A. Kadlecek]], [[Morton J. Cowan]], [[Jean L. Olson]], [[Erin F. Mathes]], [[Uma Sunderam]], [[Shu Man Fu]], [[Rajgopal Srinivasan]], [[John Kuriyan]], [[Steven E. Brenner]], [[Arthur Weiss]] & [[Jennifer M. Puck]]
  | title = A novel human autoimmune syndrome caused by combined hypomorphic and activating mutations in ZAP-70
  | title = A novel human autoimmune syndrome caused by combined hypomorphic and activating mutations in ZAP-70
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==Tripeptidyl Peptidase II deficiency (TPP2)==
==Tripeptidyl Peptidase II deficiency (TPP2)==
* TPP2 (tripeptidyl peptidase 2) gene located on chromosome 13q33.1 encodes a mammalian peptidase that at neutral PH, removes tripeptides from N terminus of longer peptides. The protein has a specialized function that is essential for some MHC class I antigen presentation.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[TPP2|TPP2 (tripeptidyl peptidase 2)]] [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 13|chromosome 13q33.1]] encodes a mammalian [[peptidase]] that at neutral [[PH]], removes [[tripeptides]] from N terminus of longer [[peptides]]. The [[protein]] has a specialized function that is essential for some [[MHC class I]] [[antigen presentation]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
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  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* TPP2 deficiency causes recurrent infections, recurrent orolabial HSV-1 infections, early onset evan's syndrome,CNS SLE and developmental delays.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[TPP2]] deficiency causes recurrent [[infections]], recurrent orolabial [[HSV-1]] [[infections]], early onset [[evan's syndrome]],[[CNS]] [[SLE]] and [[developmental delays]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Wei Lu]], [[Yu Zhang]], [[David O. McDonald]], [[Huie Jing]], [[Bernadette Carroll]], [[Nic Robertson]], [[Qian Zhang]], [[Helen Griffin]], [[Sharon Sanderson]], [[Jeremy H. Lakey]], [[Neil V. Morgan]], [[Louise N. Reynard]], [[Lixin Zheng]], [[Heardley M. Murdock]], [[Stuart E. Turvey]], [[Scott J. Hackett]], [[Tim Prestidge]], [[Julie M. Hall]], [[Andrew J. Cant]], [[Helen F. Matthews]], [[Mauro F. Santibanez Koref]], [[Anna Katharina Simon]], [[Viktor I. Korolchuk]], [[Michael J. Lenardo]], [[Sophie Hambleton]] & [[Helen C. Su]]
  | author = [[Wei Lu]], [[Yu Zhang]], [[David O. McDonald]], [[Huie Jing]], [[Bernadette Carroll]], [[Nic Robertson]], [[Qian Zhang]], [[Helen Griffin]], [[Sharon Sanderson]], [[Jeremy H. Lakey]], [[Neil V. Morgan]], [[Louise N. Reynard]], [[Lixin Zheng]], [[Heardley M. Murdock]], [[Stuart E. Turvey]], [[Scott J. Hackett]], [[Tim Prestidge]], [[Julie M. Hall]], [[Andrew J. Cant]], [[Helen F. Matthews]], [[Mauro F. Santibanez Koref]], [[Anna Katharina Simon]], [[Viktor I. Korolchuk]], [[Michael J. Lenardo]], [[Sophie Hambleton]] & [[Helen C. Su]]
  | title = Dual proteolytic pathways govern glycolysis and immune competence
  | title = Dual proteolytic pathways govern glycolysis and immune competence
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  | pmid = 25525876
  | pmid = 25525876
}}</ref><ref name="StepenskyRensing-Ehl2014">{{cite journal|last1=Stepensky|first1=P.|last2=Rensing-Ehl|first2=A.|last3=Gather|first3=R.|last4=Revel-Vilk|first4=S.|last5=Fischer|first5=U.|last6=Nabhani|first6=S.|last7=Beier|first7=F.|last8=Brummendorf|first8=T. H.|last9=Fuchs|first9=S.|last10=Zenke|first10=S.|last11=Firat|first11=E.|last12=Pessach|first12=V. M.|last13=Borkhardt|first13=A.|last14=Rakhmanov|first14=M.|last15=Keller|first15=B.|last16=Warnatz|first16=K.|last17=Eibel|first17=H.|last18=Niedermann|first18=G.|last19=Elpeleg|first19=O.|last20=Ehl|first20=S.|title=Early-onset Evans syndrome, immunodeficiency, and premature immunosenescence associated with tripeptidyl-peptidase II deficiency|journal=Blood|volume=125|issue=5|year=2014|pages=753–761|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2014-08-593202}}</ref>
}}</ref><ref name="StepenskyRensing-Ehl2014">{{cite journal|last1=Stepensky|first1=P.|last2=Rensing-Ehl|first2=A.|last3=Gather|first3=R.|last4=Revel-Vilk|first4=S.|last5=Fischer|first5=U.|last6=Nabhani|first6=S.|last7=Beier|first7=F.|last8=Brummendorf|first8=T. H.|last9=Fuchs|first9=S.|last10=Zenke|first10=S.|last11=Firat|first11=E.|last12=Pessach|first12=V. M.|last13=Borkhardt|first13=A.|last14=Rakhmanov|first14=M.|last15=Keller|first15=B.|last16=Warnatz|first16=K.|last17=Eibel|first17=H.|last18=Niedermann|first18=G.|last19=Elpeleg|first19=O.|last20=Ehl|first20=S.|title=Early-onset Evans syndrome, immunodeficiency, and premature immunosenescence associated with tripeptidyl-peptidase II deficiency|journal=Blood|volume=125|issue=5|year=2014|pages=753–761|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2014-08-593202}}</ref>
* Treatment of choice is heamatopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST).<ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment of choice is [[stem cell transplantation|heamatopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST)]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Wei Lu]], [[Yu Zhang]], [[David O. McDonald]], [[Huie Jing]], [[Bernadette Carroll]], [[Nic Robertson]], [[Qian Zhang]], [[Helen Griffin]], [[Sharon Sanderson]], [[Jeremy H. Lakey]], [[Neil V. Morgan]], [[Louise N. Reynard]], [[Lixin Zheng]], [[Heardley M. Murdock]], [[Stuart E. Turvey]], [[Scott J. Hackett]], [[Tim Prestidge]], [[Julie M. Hall]], [[Andrew J. Cant]], [[Helen F. Matthews]], [[Mauro F. Santibanez Koref]], [[Anna Katharina Simon]], [[Viktor I. Korolchuk]], [[Michael J. Lenardo]], [[Sophie Hambleton]] & [[Helen C. Su]]
  | author = [[Wei Lu]], [[Yu Zhang]], [[David O. McDonald]], [[Huie Jing]], [[Bernadette Carroll]], [[Nic Robertson]], [[Qian Zhang]], [[Helen Griffin]], [[Sharon Sanderson]], [[Jeremy H. Lakey]], [[Neil V. Morgan]], [[Louise N. Reynard]], [[Lixin Zheng]], [[Heardley M. Murdock]], [[Stuart E. Turvey]], [[Scott J. Hackett]], [[Tim Prestidge]], [[Julie M. Hall]], [[Andrew J. Cant]], [[Helen F. Matthews]], [[Mauro F. Santibanez Koref]], [[Anna Katharina Simon]], [[Viktor I. Korolchuk]], [[Michael J. Lenardo]], [[Sophie Hambleton]] & [[Helen C. Su]]
  | title = Dual proteolytic pathways govern glycolysis and immune competence
  | title = Dual proteolytic pathways govern glycolysis and immune competence
Line 1,262: Line 1,264:


==JAK1 GOF==
==JAK1 GOF==
* JAK1 (janus kinase1) gene located on chromosome 1p31.3 encodes a membrane protein that is a member of class of protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) that plays a role in interferon-alpha/beta and interferon gamma signal transduction.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[janus kinase 1|JAK1 (janus kinase1)]] [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 1|chromosome 1p31.3]] encodes a [[membrane]] [[protein]] that is a member of class of [[protein]] [[tyrosine kinase|tyrosine kinases (PTK)]] that plays a role in [[interferon-alpha]]/[[interferon beta|beta]] and [[interferon gamma]] [[signal transduction]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
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  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* JAK1 GOF (gain of function) mutation causes autosomal dominant immune dysregulation, hypereosinophilia with eosinophilic infiltration of gastrointerstinal tract, massive hepatosplenomegaly and atopic dermatitis.<ref name="Del BelRagotte2017">{{cite journal|last1=Del Bel|first1=Kate L.|last2=Ragotte|first2=Robert J.|last3=Saferali|first3=Aabida|last4=Lee|first4=Susan|last5=Vercauteren|first5=Suzanne M.|last6=Mostafavi|first6=Sara A.|last7=Schreiber|first7=Richard A.|last8=Prendiville|first8=Julie S.|last9=Phang|first9=Min S.|last10=Halparin|first10=Jessica|last11=Au|first11=Nicholas|last12=Dean|first12=John M.|last13=Priatel|first13=John J.|last14=Jewels|first14=Emily|last15=Junker|first15=Anne K.|last16=Rogers|first16=Paul C.|last17=Seear|first17=Michael|last18=McKinnon|first18=Margaret L.|last19=Turvey|first19=Stuart E.|title=JAK1 gain-of-function causes an autosomal dominant immune dysregulatory and hypereosinophilic syndrome|journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=139|issue=6|year=2017|pages=2016–2020.e5|issn=00916749|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.957}}</ref>
* JAK1 GOF (gain of function) [[mutation]] causes [[autosomal dominant]] [[immune dysregulation]], [[hypereosinophilia]] with eosinophilic [[infiltration]] of [[GIT|gastro interstinal tract]], [[hepatosplenomegaly|massive hepatosplenomegaly]] and [[atopic dermatitis]].<ref name="Del BelRagotte2017">{{cite journal|last1=Del Bel|first1=Kate L.|last2=Ragotte|first2=Robert J.|last3=Saferali|first3=Aabida|last4=Lee|first4=Susan|last5=Vercauteren|first5=Suzanne M.|last6=Mostafavi|first6=Sara A.|last7=Schreiber|first7=Richard A.|last8=Prendiville|first8=Julie S.|last9=Phang|first9=Min S.|last10=Halparin|first10=Jessica|last11=Au|first11=Nicholas|last12=Dean|first12=John M.|last13=Priatel|first13=John J.|last14=Jewels|first14=Emily|last15=Junker|first15=Anne K.|last16=Rogers|first16=Paul C.|last17=Seear|first17=Michael|last18=McKinnon|first18=Margaret L.|last19=Turvey|first19=Stuart E.|title=JAK1 gain-of-function causes an autosomal dominant immune dysregulatory and hypereosinophilic syndrome|journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=139|issue=6|year=2017|pages=2016–2020.e5|issn=00916749|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.957}}</ref>
* Treatment includes; ruxolitinib and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST).<ref name="Del BelRagotte2017">{{cite journal|last1=Del Bel|first1=Kate L.|last2=Ragotte|first2=Robert J.|last3=Saferali|first3=Aabida|last4=Lee|first4=Susan|last5=Vercauteren|first5=Suzanne M.|last6=Mostafavi|first6=Sara A.|last7=Schreiber|first7=Richard A.|last8=Prendiville|first8=Julie S.|last9=Phang|first9=Min S.|last10=Halparin|first10=Jessica|last11=Au|first11=Nicholas|last12=Dean|first12=John M.|last13=Priatel|first13=John J.|last14=Jewels|first14=Emily|last15=Junker|first15=Anne K.|last16=Rogers|first16=Paul C.|last17=Seear|first17=Michael|last18=McKinnon|first18=Margaret L.|last19=Turvey|first19=Stuart E.|title=JAK1 gain-of-function causes an autosomal dominant immune dysregulatory and hypereosinophilic syndrome|journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=139|issue=6|year=2017|pages=2016–2020.e5|issn=00916749|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.957}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment includes; [[ruxolitinib]] and [[stem cell transplantation|hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST)]].<ref name="Del BelRagotte2017">{{cite journal|last1=Del Bel|first1=Kate L.|last2=Ragotte|first2=Robert J.|last3=Saferali|first3=Aabida|last4=Lee|first4=Susan|last5=Vercauteren|first5=Suzanne M.|last6=Mostafavi|first6=Sara A.|last7=Schreiber|first7=Richard A.|last8=Prendiville|first8=Julie S.|last9=Phang|first9=Min S.|last10=Halparin|first10=Jessica|last11=Au|first11=Nicholas|last12=Dean|first12=John M.|last13=Priatel|first13=John J.|last14=Jewels|first14=Emily|last15=Junker|first15=Anne K.|last16=Rogers|first16=Paul C.|last17=Seear|first17=Michael|last18=McKinnon|first18=Margaret L.|last19=Turvey|first19=Stuart E.|title=JAK1 gain-of-function causes an autosomal dominant immune dysregulatory and hypereosinophilic syndrome|journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=139|issue=6|year=2017|pages=2016–2020.e5|issn=00916749|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.957}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Marketa Bloomfield]], [[Veronika Kanderova]], [[Zuzana Parackova]], [[Petra Vrabcova]], [[Michael Svaton]], [[Eva Fronkova]], [[Martina Fejtkova]], [[Radana Zachova]], [[Michal Rataj]], [[Irena Zentsova]], [[Tomas Milota]], [[Adam Klocperk]], [[Tomas Kalina]] & [[Anna Sediva]]
  | author = [[Marketa Bloomfield]], [[Veronika Kanderova]], [[Zuzana Parackova]], [[Petra Vrabcova]], [[Michael Svaton]], [[Eva Fronkova]], [[Martina Fejtkova]], [[Radana Zachova]], [[Michal Rataj]], [[Irena Zentsova]], [[Tomas Milota]], [[Adam Klocperk]], [[Tomas Kalina]] & [[Anna Sediva]]
  | title = Utility of Ruxolitinib in a Child with Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Caused by a Novel STAT1 Gain-of-Function Mutation
  | title = Utility of Ruxolitinib in a Child with Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Caused by a Novel STAT1 Gain-of-Function Mutation
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==Prolidase Deficiency==
==Prolidase Deficiency==
* Prolidase gene located on chromosome 19q13.11 encodes a member of peptidase family. It forms a homodimer that hydrolyzes dipeptides or tripeptides with C terminal proline or hydroxyproline residues. The enzyme has an important role in recycling of proline and may be rate limiting for production of collagen.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[Prolidase]] [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 19|chromosome 19q13.11]] encodes a member of [[peptidase]] family. It forms a [[homodimer]] that [[hydrolyzes]] [[dipeptides]] or [[tripeptides]] with C terminal [[proline]] or [[hydroxyproline]] residues. The [[enzyme]] has an important role in recycling of [[proline]] and may be rate limiting for production of [[collagen]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
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  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Prolidase deficiency presents with skin lesions, recurrent infections, dysmorphic facial features, hepatomegaly with elevated liver enzymes, splenomegaly, intellectual disability, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hypergammaglobulinemia.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[Prolidase]] deficiency presents with [[skin lesions]], recurrent [[infections]], [[dysmorphic facial features]], [[hepatomegaly]] with elevated [[liver]] [[enzymes]], [[splenomegaly]], [[intellectual disability]], [[anemia]], [[thrombocytopenia]], and [[hypergammaglobulinemia]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Carlos Ferreira]] & [[Heng Wang]]
  | author = [[Carlos Ferreira]] & [[Heng Wang]]
  | title = Prolidase Deficiency
  | title = Prolidase Deficiency
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==IPEX (Immune dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy,enteropathy)==
==IPEX (Immune dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy,enteropathy)==
* IPEX also called X-linked autoimmunity-immunodeficiency syndromes caused by a defect in the gene called FOXP3 (forkhead box P3) located on chromosome Xp11.23.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[IPEX]] also called [[X-linked]] [[autoimmunity]]-[[immunodeficiency]] [[syndromes]] caused by a defect in the [[gene]] called [[FOXP3]] (forkhead box P3) located on [[x chromosome|chromosome Xp11.23]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
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  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* FOXP3 gene encodes a protein member of forkhead/winged-helix family of transcriptional regulators.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[FOXP3]] [[gene]] encodes a [[protein]] member of forkhead/winged-helix family of [[transcription|transcriptional]] regulators.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
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  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* It is characterized by the clinical triad of watery diarrhea, endocrinopathy (commonly IDDM) and eczematous dermatitis. Other features include; splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, cytopenias and autoimmune hepatitis or nephropathy.<ref>{{Cite journal
* It is characterized by the clinical triad of [[watery diarrhea]], [[endocrinopathy]] (commonly [[IDDM]]) and [[dermatitis|eczematous dermatitis]]. Other features include; [[splenomegaly]], [[lymphadenopathy]], [[cytopenias]] and [[autoimmune hepatitis]] or [[nephropathy]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Queenie K.-G. Tan]], [[Raymond J. Louie]] & [[John W. Sleasman]]
  | author = [[Queenie K.-G. Tan]], [[Raymond J. Louie]] & [[John W. Sleasman]]
  | title = IPEX Syndrome
  | title = IPEX Syndrome
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  | pmid = 20301297
  | pmid = 20301297
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Treatment includes; management of the complications and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST) remains the ony cure.<ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment includes; management of the complications and [[stem cell transplantation|hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST)]] remains the ony cure.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Queenie K.-G. Tan]], [[Raymond J. Louie]] & [[John W. Sleasman]]
  | author = [[Queenie K.-G. Tan]], [[Raymond J. Louie]] & [[John W. Sleasman]]
  | title = IPEX Syndrome
  | title = IPEX Syndrome
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==CD25 Deficiency (IL2RA)==
==CD25 Deficiency (IL2RA)==
* CD25 deificiency is caused by IL10RA (internleukin 10 receptor subunit alpha) deficiency, whose gene located on chromosome 11q23.3 encodes a protein which is a receptor for interleukin 10. It mediates the immunosuppressive signal for IL10 and thus inhibits the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[CD25]] deificiency is caused by [[IL10RA]] ([[internleukin]] 10 [[receptor]] subunit alpha) deficiency, whose [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 11|chromosome 11q23.3]] encodes a [[protein]] which is a [[receptor]] for [[interleukin]] 10. It mediates the [[immunosuppression|immunosuppressive]] signal for [[IL10]] and thus inhibits the synthesis of [[inflammation|proinflammatory]] [[cytokines]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
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  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* CD25 deficiency can present with primary biliary cirrhosis, chronic and severe inflammatory lung disease and immune dysregulation, endocrinopathy, enteropathy, X linked like syndrome.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[CD25]] deficiency can present with [[primary biliary cirrhosis]], chronic and severe [[inflammation|inflammatory]] [[lung]] [[disease]] and [[immune]] [[dysregulation]], [[endocrinopathy]], [[enteropathy]], [[X linked]] like [[syndrome]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[L. Bezrodnik]], [[M. S. Caldirola]], [[A. G. Seminario]], [[I. Moreira]] & [[M. I. Gaillard]]
  | author = [[L. Bezrodnik]], [[M. S. Caldirola]], [[A. G. Seminario]], [[I. Moreira]] & [[M. I. Gaillard]]
  | title = Follicular bronchiolitis as phenotype associated with CD25 deficiency
  | title = Follicular bronchiolitis as phenotype associated with CD25 deficiency
Line 1,378: Line 1,380:
  | pmid = 24116927
  | pmid = 24116927
}}</ref><ref name="AmmannSchulz2016">{{cite journal|last1=Ammann|first1=S.|last2=Schulz|first2=A.|last3=Krageloh-Mann|first3=I.|last4=Dieckmann|first4=N. M. G.|last5=Niethammer|first5=K.|last6=Fuchs|first6=S.|last7=Eckl|first7=K. M.|last8=Plank|first8=R.|last9=Werner|first9=R.|last10=Altmuller|first10=J.|last11=Thiele|first11=H.|last12=Nurnberg|first12=P.|last13=Bank|first13=J.|last14=Strauss|first14=A.|last15=von Bernuth|first15=H.|last16=zur Stadt|first16=U.|last17=Grieve|first17=S.|last18=Griffiths|first18=G. M.|last19=Lehmberg|first19=K.|last20=Hennies|first20=H. C.|last21=Ehl|first21=S.|title=Mutations in AP3D1 associated with immunodeficiency and seizures define a new type of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome|journal=Blood|volume=127|issue=8|year=2016|pages=997–1006|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2015-09-671636}}</ref>
}}</ref><ref name="AmmannSchulz2016">{{cite journal|last1=Ammann|first1=S.|last2=Schulz|first2=A.|last3=Krageloh-Mann|first3=I.|last4=Dieckmann|first4=N. M. G.|last5=Niethammer|first5=K.|last6=Fuchs|first6=S.|last7=Eckl|first7=K. M.|last8=Plank|first8=R.|last9=Werner|first9=R.|last10=Altmuller|first10=J.|last11=Thiele|first11=H.|last12=Nurnberg|first12=P.|last13=Bank|first13=J.|last14=Strauss|first14=A.|last15=von Bernuth|first15=H.|last16=zur Stadt|first16=U.|last17=Grieve|first17=S.|last18=Griffiths|first18=G. M.|last19=Lehmberg|first19=K.|last20=Hennies|first20=H. C.|last21=Ehl|first21=S.|title=Mutations in AP3D1 associated with immunodeficiency and seizures define a new type of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome|journal=Blood|volume=127|issue=8|year=2016|pages=997–1006|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2015-09-671636}}</ref>
* Treatment includes; corticosteroids, rituximab, intravenous immunglobulin, cyclosporin, antibiotics and bone marrow transplantation.<ref name="CaudyReddy2007">{{cite journal|last1=Caudy|first1=Amy A.|last2=Reddy|first2=Sreelatha T.|last3=Chatila|first3=Talal|last4=Atkinson|first4=John P.|last5=Verbsky|first5=James W.|title=CD25 deficiency causes an immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked–like syndrome, and defective IL-10 expression from CD4 lymphocytes|journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=119|issue=2|year=2007|pages=482–487|issn=00916749|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2006.10.007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
* Treatment includes; [[corticosteroids]], [[rituximab]], [[intravenous]] [[immunglobulin]], [[cyclosporin]], [[antibiotics]] and [[bone marrow transplantation]].<ref name="CaudyReddy2007">{{cite journal|last1=Caudy|first1=Amy A.|last2=Reddy|first2=Sreelatha T.|last3=Chatila|first3=Talal|last4=Atkinson|first4=John P.|last5=Verbsky|first5=James W.|title=CD25 deficiency causes an immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked–like syndrome, and defective IL-10 expression from CD4 lymphocytes|journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=119|issue=2|year=2007|pages=482–487|issn=00916749|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2006.10.007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[N. Sharfe]], [[H. K. Dadi]], [[M. Shahar]] & [[C. M. Roifman]]
  | author = [[N. Sharfe]], [[H. K. Dadi]], [[M. Shahar]] & [[C. M. Roifman]]
  | title = Human immune disorder arising from mutation of the alpha chain of the interleukin-2 receptor
  | title = Human immune disorder arising from mutation of the alpha chain of the interleukin-2 receptor
Line 1,391: Line 1,393:


==CTLA4 Deficiency (ALPSV) ==
==CTLA4 Deficiency (ALPSV) ==
* CLTA4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4) gene located on chromosome 2q33.2 encodes a protein which transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells.<ref>{{Cite journal
* CLTA4 ([[cytotoxic T lymphocyte]] associated [[protein]] 4) gene located on [[chromosome 2|chromosome 2q33.2]] encodes a [[protein]] which transmits an inhibitory signal to [[T cells]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | author = [[Linn Fagerberg]], [[Bjorn M. Hallstrom]], [[Per Oksvold]], [[Caroline Kampf]], [[Dijana Djureinovic]], [[Jacob Odeberg]], [[Masato Habuka]], [[Simin Tahmasebpoor]], [[Angelika Danielsson]], [[Karolina Edlund]], [[Anna Asplund]], [[Evelina Sjostedt]], [[Emma Lundberg]], [[Cristina Al-Khalili Szigyarto]], [[Marie Skogs]], [[Jenny Ottosson Takanen]], [[Holger Berling]], [[Hanna Tegel]], [[Jan Mulder]], [[Peter Nilsson]], [[Jochen M. Schwenk]], [[Cecilia Lindskog]], [[Frida Danielsson]], [[Adil Mardinoglu]], [[Asa Sivertsson]], [[Kalle von Feilitzen]], [[Mattias Forsberg]], [[Martin Zwahlen]], [[IngMarie Olsson]], [[Sanjay Navani]], [[Mikael Huss]], [[Jens Nielsen]], [[Fredrik Ponten]] & [[Mathias Uhlen]]
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
  | title = Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics
Line 1,403: Line 1,405:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* CLTA4 deficiency can present with lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hypogammaglobulinemia, organ specific autoimmunity and lymphocytic infiltration of nonlymphoid organs.<ref name="LoFritz2016">{{cite journal|last1=Lo|first1=B.|last2=Fritz|first2=J. M.|last3=Su|first3=H. C.|last4=Uzel|first4=G.|last5=Jordan|first5=M. B.|last6=Lenardo|first6=M. J.|title=CHAI and LATAIE: new genetic diseases of CTLA-4 checkpoint insufficiency|journal=Blood|volume=128|issue=8|year=2016|pages=1037–1042|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2016-04-712612}}</ref>
* CLTA4 deficiency can present with [[lymphadenopathy]], [[splenomegaly]], [[hypogammaglobulinemia]], organ specific [[autoimmunity]] and lymphocytic infiltration of nonlymphoid organs.<ref name="LoFritz2016">{{cite journal|last1=Lo|first1=B.|last2=Fritz|first2=J. M.|last3=Su|first3=H. C.|last4=Uzel|first4=G.|last5=Jordan|first5=M. B.|last6=Lenardo|first6=M. J.|title=CHAI and LATAIE: new genetic diseases of CTLA-4 checkpoint insufficiency|journal=Blood|volume=128|issue=8|year=2016|pages=1037–1042|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2016-04-712612}}</ref>
* Treatment includes; abatacept, sirolimus, chloroquine and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST).<ref name="LoFritz2016">{{cite journal|last1=Lo|first1=B.|last2=Fritz|first2=J. M.|last3=Su|first3=H. C.|last4=Uzel|first4=G.|last5=Jordan|first5=M. B.|last6=Lenardo|first6=M. J.|title=CHAI and LATAIE: new genetic diseases of CTLA-4 checkpoint insufficiency|journal=Blood|volume=128|issue=8|year=2016|pages=1037–1042|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2016-04-712612}}</ref>
* Treatment includes; [[abatacept]], [[sirolimus]], [[chloroquine]] and [[stem cell transplantation|hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST)]].<ref name="LoFritz2016">{{cite journal|last1=Lo|first1=B.|last2=Fritz|first2=J. M.|last3=Su|first3=H. C.|last4=Uzel|first4=G.|last5=Jordan|first5=M. B.|last6=Lenardo|first6=M. J.|title=CHAI and LATAIE: new genetic diseases of CTLA-4 checkpoint insufficiency|journal=Blood|volume=128|issue=8|year=2016|pages=1037–1042|issn=0006-4971|doi=10.1182/blood-2016-04-712612}}</ref>


==BACH2 Deficiency==
==BACH2 Deficiency==
* BACH2 (BTB domain and CNC homolog2) gene located on chromosome 6q15 encodes a transcription factor which represses its target genes and plays an important role in differentiation of T and B lymphoid cells.<ref>{{Cite journal
* [[BACH2]] (BTB domain and CNC homolog2) [[gene]] located on [[chromosome 6|chromosome 6q15]] encodes a [[transcription factor]] which represses its target [[genes]] and plays an important role in differentiation of [[t cell|T]] and [[b cell|B]] [[lymphoid]] [[cells]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Yuki Sato]], [[Hiroki Kato]], [[Risa Ebina-Shibuya]], [[Ari Itoh-Nakadai]], [[Ryuhei Okuyama]] & [[Kazuhiko Igarashi]]
  | author = [[Yuki Sato]], [[Hiroki Kato]], [[Risa Ebina-Shibuya]], [[Ari Itoh-Nakadai]], [[Ryuhei Okuyama]] & [[Kazuhiko Igarashi]]
  | title = Bach2 Controls Homeostasis of Eosinophils by Restricting the Type-2 Helper Function of T Cells
  | title = Bach2 Controls Homeostasis of Eosinophils by Restricting the Type-2 Helper Function of T Cells
Line 1,430: Line 1,432:
  | pmid = 24309898
  | pmid = 24309898
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* BACH2 deficiency can present with lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic diarrhea and recurrent sinopulmonary infections.<ref>{{Cite journal
* BACH2 deficiency can present with [[lymphadenopathy]], [[splenomegaly]], [[inflammatory bowel disease]], [[chronic diarrhea]] and recurrent [[infection|sinopulmonary infections]].<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[Behdad Afzali]], [[Juha Gronholm]], [[Jana Vandrovcova]], [[Charlotte O'Brien]], [[Hong-Wei Sun]], [[Ine Vanderleyden]], [[Fred P. Davis]], [[Ahmad Khoder]], [[Yu Zhang]], [[Ahmed N. Hegazy]], [[Alejandro V. Villarino]], [[Ira W. Palmer]], [[Joshua Kaufman]], [[Norman R. Watts]], [[Majid Kazemian]], [[Olena Kamenyeva]], [[Julia Keith]], [[Anwar Sayed]], [[Dalia Kasperaviciute]], [[Michael Mueller]], [[Jason D. Hughes]], [[Ivan J. Fuss]], [[Mohammed F. Sadiyah]], [[Kim Montgomery-Recht]], [[Joshua McElwee]], [[Nicholas P. Restifo]], [[Warren Strober]], [[Michelle A. Linterman]], [[Paul T. Wingfield]], [[Holm H. Uhlig]], [[Rahul Roychoudhuri]], [[Timothy J. Aitman]], [[Peter Kelleher]], [[Michael J. Lenardo]], [[John J. O'Shea]], [[Nichola Cooper]] & [[Arian D. J. Laurence]]
  | author = [[Behdad Afzali]], [[Juha Gronholm]], [[Jana Vandrovcova]], [[Charlotte O'Brien]], [[Hong-Wei Sun]], [[Ine Vanderleyden]], [[Fred P. Davis]], [[Ahmad Khoder]], [[Yu Zhang]], [[Ahmed N. Hegazy]], [[Alejandro V. Villarino]], [[Ira W. Palmer]], [[Joshua Kaufman]], [[Norman R. Watts]], [[Majid Kazemian]], [[Olena Kamenyeva]], [[Julia Keith]], [[Anwar Sayed]], [[Dalia Kasperaviciute]], [[Michael Mueller]], [[Jason D. Hughes]], [[Ivan J. Fuss]], [[Mohammed F. Sadiyah]], [[Kim Montgomery-Recht]], [[Joshua McElwee]], [[Nicholas P. Restifo]], [[Warren Strober]], [[Michelle A. Linterman]], [[Paul T. Wingfield]], [[Holm H. Uhlig]], [[Rahul Roychoudhuri]], [[Timothy J. Aitman]], [[Peter Kelleher]], [[Michael J. Lenardo]], [[John J. O'Shea]], [[Nichola Cooper]] & [[Arian D. J. Laurence]]
  | title = BACH2 immunodeficiency illustrates an association between super-enhancers and haploinsufficiency
  | title = BACH2 immunodeficiency illustrates an association between super-enhancers and haploinsufficiency
Line 1,442: Line 1,444:
  | pmid = 28530713
  | pmid = 28530713
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* Treatment includes [[stem cell transplantation|hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST)]].<ref name="NakamuraEbina-Shibuya2013">{{cite journal|last1=Nakamura|first1=Atsushi|last2=Ebina-Shibuya|first2=Risa|last3=Itoh-Nakadai|first3=Ari|last4=Muto|first4=Akihiko|last5=Shima|first5=Hiroki|last6=Saigusa|first6=Daisuke|last7=Aoki|first7=Junken|last8=Ebina|first8=Masahito|last9=Nukiwa|first9=Toshihiro|last10=Igarashi|first10=Kazuhiko|title=Transcription repressor Bach2 is required for pulmonary surfactant homeostasis and alveolar macrophage function|journal=The Journal of Experimental Medicine|volume=210|issue=11|year=2013|pages=2191–2204|issn=0022-1007|doi=10.1084/jem.20130028}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 22:52, 28 January 2019

Immunodeficiency Main Page

Home

Overview

Classification

Immunodeficiency Affecting Cellular and Humoral Immunity

Combined Immunodeficiency

Predominantly Antibody Deficiency

Diseases of Immune Dysregulation

Congenital Defects of Phagocytes

Defects in Intrinsic and Innate Immunity

Auto-inflammatory Disorders

Complement Deficiencies

Phenocopies of Primary Immunodeficiency

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zahir Ali Shaikh, MD[2], Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[3]

Overview

Immune dysregulation involves a variety of subcategories including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, EBV-related dysregulation, and autoimmunity.

Classification


 
 
Diseases of Immune Dysregulation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(A) Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) & EBV susceptibility
 
(B) Syndromes with Autoimmunity and Others
 
 
 
 
 


Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) & EBV Susceptibility


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diseases Of Immune Dysregulation:
(A) Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) & EBV Susceptibility
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis(HLH)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Susceptibility to EBV
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hypopigmentation
 
 
Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Syndromes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EBV Associated with HLH
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chediak Higashi Syndrome:LYST
 
 
Perforin Deficiency(FHL2)
 
 
 
RASGRP1 Deficiency
 
 
XL,XLP1.SH2DIA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Griscelli Syndrome type2:RAB27a
 
 
UNC13D/Munc13-4 deficiency(FHL3)
 
 
 
CD70 Deficiency
 
 
XL,XLP2,XIAP
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome type2:AP3B1
 
 
Syntaxin 11 Deficiency(FHL4)
 
 
 
CTPS1 Deficiency
 
 
AR, CD27 Deficiency
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome type10
 
 
STXBP2/Munc18-2 Deficiency
 
 
 
RLTPR (CARMIL2) Deficiency
 
 
FAAP24 Deficiency
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITK Deficiency
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MAGT1 Deficiency
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRKCD Deficiency
 
 
 
 
 
 


Syndromes with Autoimmunity and Others


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diseases of Immune Dysregulation:
(B) Syndromes with Autoimmunity and Others
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Syndromes with Autoimmunity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Immune Dysregulation with Colitis:
IBD, Normal Tc & Bc
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increased CD4-CD8-TCR alpha/beta (Double Negative T cells)
 
IL10 Deficiency, IL10, AR
 
IL10Ra Deficiency, IL10RA, AR
 
IL10Rb Deficiency, IL10RB, RA
 
NFAT5 haploinsufficiency, NAFTS, AD
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Yes
 
Occassionally
 
 
 
 
 
 
NO: Regulatory T cells Defects?
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALPS, Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome
 
 
LRBA Deficiency
 
NO
 
 
YES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALPS-FAS TNFRSF, AD or AR
 
 
STAT3 GOF mutation,STAT3 AD
 
 
 
 
Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy with candidiasis & ectodermal dystrophy: APECED (APS-1)
 
 
 
IPEX Immune dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy,enteropathy,X-linked FOXP-3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALPS-FASLG TNFSF6, AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITCH Deficiency, ITCH, AR
 
 
 
CD25 Deficiency, IL2RA, AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALPS-Caspase10, Casp10, AD
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ZAP70 combined hylomorphic and activation mutations, ZAP70, AR
 
 
 
CTLA4 deficiency (ALPSV) CTLA4, AD
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ALPS-Caspase8, Casp8, AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tripeptidyl-peptidase II deficiency, TPP2, AR
 
 
 
BACH2 deficiency. BACH2, AD
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FADD deficiency, FADD, AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
JAK1 GOF, JAK1, AD
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prolidase deficiency. PEPD, AR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Chediak Higashi Syndrome

Griscelli Syndrome type 2

Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome type 2

Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome type 10

Perforin Deficiency

UNC13D/Munc13-4 Deficiency

Syntaxin 11 Deficiency

STXBP2/Munc18-2 Deficiency

RASGRP1 Deficiency

CD70 Deficiency

CTPS1 Deficiency

RLTPR (CARMIL2) Deficiency

ITK Deficiency

MAGT1 Deficiency

PRKCD Deficiency

XLP1

XLP2

CD27 Deficiency

FAAP24 Deficiency

Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome(ALPS)

FADD Deficiency

LRBA Deficiency

STAT3 GOF Mutations

IL10 Deficiency

IL10RA Deficiency

immunosuppressive]] signal for IL10 and thus inhibits the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines.[91]

IL10RB Deficiency

NFAT5 Haploinsufficiency

Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Candidiasis Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED)

ITCH Deficiency

ZAP70 Mutations

Tripeptidyl Peptidase II deficiency (TPP2)

JAK1 GOF

Prolidase Deficiency

IPEX (Immune dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy,enteropathy)

CD25 Deficiency (IL2RA)

CTLA4 Deficiency (ALPSV)

BACH2 Deficiency

References

  1. M. D. Barbosa, Q. A. Nguyen, V. T. Tchernev, J. A. Ashley, J. C. Detter, S. M. Blaydes, S. J. Brandt, D. Chotai, C. Hodgman, R. C. Solari, M. Lovett & S. F. Kingsmore (1996). "Identification of the homologous beige and Chediak-Higashi syndrome genes". Nature. 382 (6588): 262–265. doi:10.1038/382262a0. PMID 8717042. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. Kaplan, Jerry; De Domenico, Ivana; Ward, Diane McVey (2008). "Chediak-Higashi syndrome". Current Opinion in Hematology. 15 (1): 22–29. doi:10.1097/MOH.0b013e3282f2bcce. ISSN 1065-6251.
  3. M. Eapen, C. A. DeLaat, K. S. Baker, M. S. Cairo, M. J. Cowan, J. Kurtzberg, C. G. Steward, P. A. Veys & A. H. Filipovich (2007). "Hematopoietic cell transplantation for Chediak-Higashi syndrome". Bone marrow transplantation. 39 (7): 411–415. doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1705600. PMID 17293882. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. Kirtisudha Mishra, Shilpy Singla, Suvasini Sharma, Renu Saxena & Vineeta Vijay Batra (2014). "Griscelli syndrome type 2: a novel mutation in RAB27A gene with different clinical features in 2 siblings: a diagnostic conundrum". Korean journal of pediatrics. 57 (2): 91–95. doi:10.3345/kjp.2014.57.2.91. PMID 24678334. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. I. P. Meschede, T. O. Santos, T. C. Izidoro-Toledo, J. Gurgel-Gianetti & E. M. Espreafico (2008). "Griscelli syndrome-type 2 in twin siblings: case report and update on RAB27A human mutations and gene structure". Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas. 41 (10): 839–848. PMID 19030707. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. Amira Masri, Faris G. Bakri, Maissa Al-Hussaini, Azmy Al-Hadidy, Rania Hirzallah, Genevieve de Saint Basile & Hanan Hamamy (2008). "Griscelli syndrome type 2: a rare and lethal disorder". Journal of child neurology. 23 (8): 964–967. doi:10.1177/0883073808315409. PMID 18403584. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. 7.0 7.1 Jung, J. (2006). "Identification of a homozygous deletion in the AP3B1 gene causing Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, type 2". Blood. 108 (1): 362–369. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-11-4377. ISSN 0006-4971.
  8. Hengst, Meike; Naehrlich, Lutz; Mahavadi, Poornima; Grosse-Onnebrink, Joerg; Terheggen-Lagro, Suzanne; Skanke, Lars Høsøien; Schuch, Luise A.; Brasch, Frank; Guenther, Andreas; Reu, Simone; Ley-Zaporozhan, Julia; Griese, Matthias (2018). "Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2 manifests with fibrosing lung disease early in childhood". Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 13 (1). doi:10.1186/s13023-018-0780-z. ISSN 1750-1172.
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 Ammann, S.; Schulz, A.; Krageloh-Mann, I.; Dieckmann, N. M. G.; Niethammer, K.; Fuchs, S.; Eckl, K. M.; Plank, R.; Werner, R.; Altmuller, J.; Thiele, H.; Nurnberg, P.; Bank, J.; Strauss, A.; von Bernuth, H.; zur Stadt, U.; Grieve, S.; Griffiths, G. M.; Lehmberg, K.; Hennies, H. C.; Ehl, S. (2016). "Mutations in AP3D1 associated with immunodeficiency and seizures define a new type of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome". Blood. 127 (8): 997–1006. doi:10.1182/blood-2015-09-671636. ISSN 0006-4971.
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