Congestive heart failure treatment of patients with refractory end-stage heart failure (Stage D): Difference between revisions

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(/* 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline/2009 ACC/AHA Focused Update and 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in the Adult (DO NOT EDIT) {{cite journal| author=Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Masoudi FA, Butler J, McBride PE et al.| title=2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2013 | volume= | issue= |...)
(/* 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Heart Failure Guideline/ 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline/2009 ACC/AHA Focused Update and 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in the Adult (DO NOT EDIT) {{cite journal| author=Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Masoudi FA, Butler J, McBride PE et al.| title=2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. | journal=J Am Coll...)
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== 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Heart Failure Guideline/ 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline/2009 ACC/AHA Focused Update and 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in the Adult (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid23747642">{{cite journal| author=Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Masoudi FA, Butler J, McBride PE et al.| title=2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2013 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=23747642 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23747642  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19324967">Jessup M, Abraham WT, Casey DE, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2009) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19324967 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.] ''Circulation'' 119 (14):1977-2016.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064] PMID:[http://pubmed.gov/19324967 19324967]</ref>==
== 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Heart Failure Guideline/ 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline/2009 ACC/AHA Focused Update and 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in the Adult (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid35363500">{{cite journal| author=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM | display-authors=etal| title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. | journal=Circulation | year= 2022 | volume= 145 | issue= 18 | pages= e876-e894 | pmid=35363500 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=35363500  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23747642">{{cite journal| author=Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Masoudi FA, Butler J, McBride PE et al.| title=2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2013 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=23747642 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23747642  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19324967">Jessup M, Abraham WT, Casey DE, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2009) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19324967 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.] ''Circulation'' 119 (14):1977-2016.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064] PMID:[http://pubmed.gov/19324967 19324967]</ref>==


===Specialty Referral for Advanced HF (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid23747642">{{cite journal| author=Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Masoudi FA, Butler J, McBride PE et al.| title=2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2013 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=23747642 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 |pmc=|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23747642  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19324967">Jessup M, Abraham WT, Casey DE, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2009)[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19324967 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.] ''Circulation'' 119 (14):1977-2016.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/19324967 19324967]</ref><ref name="pmid16160202">Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2005) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16160202 ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society.] ''Circulation'' 112 (12):e154-235. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/16160202 16160202]</ref>===
===Specialty Referral for Advanced HF (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid35363500">{{cite journal| author=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM | display-authors=etal| title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. | journal=Circulation | year= 2022 | volume= 145 | issue= 18 | pages= e876-e894 | pmid=35363500 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=35363500  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23747642">{{cite journal| author=Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Masoudi FA, Butler J, McBride PE et al.| title=2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2013 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=23747642 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 |pmc=|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23747642  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19324967">Jessup M, Abraham WT, Casey DE, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2009)[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19324967 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.] ''Circulation'' 119 (14):1977-2016.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/19324967 19324967]</ref><ref name="pmid16160202">Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2005) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16160202 ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society.] ''Circulation'' 112 (12):e154-235. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/16160202 16160202]</ref>===


===Patients with Refractory End-Stage Heart Failure (Stage D) (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid23747642">{{cite journal| author=Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Masoudi FA, Butler J, McBride PE et al.| title=2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2013 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=23747642 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 |pmc=|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23747642  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19324967">Jessup M, Abraham WT, Casey DE, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2009)[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19324967 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.] ''Circulation'' 119 (14):1977-2016.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/19324967 19324967]</ref><ref name="pmid16160202">Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2005) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16160202 ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society.] ''Circulation'' 112 (12):e154-235. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/16160202 16160202]</ref>===
===Nonpharmacological Management: Advanced HF (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid35363500">{{cite journal| author=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM | display-authors=etal| title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. | journal=Circulation | year= 2022 | volume= 145 | issue= 18 | pages= e876-e894 | pmid=35363500 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=35363500  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23747642">{{cite journal| author=Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Masoudi FA, Butler J, McBride PE et al.| title=2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2013 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=23747642 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 |pmc=|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23747642  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19324967">Jessup M, Abraham WT, Casey DE, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2009)[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19324967 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.] ''Circulation'' 119 (14):1977-2016.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/19324967 19324967]</ref><ref name="pmid16160202">Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2005) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16160202 ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society.] ''Circulation'' 112 (12):e154-235. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/16160202 16160202]</ref>===


{|class="wikitable" style="width:80%"
===Inotropic Support (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid35363500">{{cite journal| author=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM | display-authors=etal| title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. | journal=Circulation | year= 2022 | volume= 145 | issue= 18 | pages= e876-e894 | pmid=35363500 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=35363500  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23747642">{{cite journal| author=Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Masoudi FA, Butler J, McBride PE et al.| title=2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2013 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=23747642 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 |pmc=|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23747642  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19324967">Jessup M, Abraham WT, Casey DE, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2009)[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19324967 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.] ''Circulation'' 119 (14):1977-2016.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/19324967 19324967]</ref><ref name="pmid16160202">Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2005) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16160202 ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society.] ''Circulation'' 112 (12):e154-235. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/16160202 16160202]</ref>===
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| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]]
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| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Fluid restriction (1.5 to 2 L/d) is reasonable in stage D, especially in patients with hyponatremia, to reduce congestive symptoms. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
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| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' Meticulous identification and control of fluid retention is recommended in patients with [[refractory endstage HF]]. <ref name="pmid7398185">{{cite journal |author=Brater DC, Chennavasin P, Seiwell R |title=Furosemide in patients with heart failure: shift in dose-response curves |journal=[[Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics]] |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=182–6 |year=1980 |month=August |pmid=7398185 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref><ref name="pmid8800113">{{cite journal |author=Dormans TP, van Meyel JJ, Gerlag PG, Tan Y, Russel FG, Smits P |title=Diuretic efficacy of high dose furosemide in severe heart failure: bolus injection versus continuous infusion |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=376–82 |year=1996 |month=August |pmid=8800113 |doi=10.1016/0735-1097(96)00161-1 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0735-1097(96)00161-1 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref><ref name="pmid9284855">{{cite journal |author=Cotter G, Weissgarten J, Metzkor E, Moshkovitz Y, Litinski I, Tavori U, Perry C, Zaidenstein R, Golik A |title=Increased toxicity of high-dose furosemide versus low-dose dopamine in the treatment of refractory congestive heart failure |journal=[[Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics]] |volume=62 |issue=2 |pages=187–93 |year=1997 |month=August |pmid=9284855 |doi=10.1016/S0009-9236(97)90067-9 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9236(97)90067-9 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref><ref name="pmid16437464">{{cite journal |author=Faris R, Flather MD, Purcell H, Poole-Wilson PA, Coats AJ |title=Diuretics for heart failure |journal=[[Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Online)]] |volume= |issue=1 |pages=CD003838 |year=2006 |pmid=16437464 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003838.pub2 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003838.pub2 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref><ref name="pmid16325040">{{cite journal |author=Costanzo MR, Saltzberg M, O'Sullivan J, Sobotka P |title=Early ultrafiltration in patients with decompensated heart failure and diuretic resistance |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=46 |issue=11 |pages=2047–51 |year=2005 |month=December |pmid=16325040 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2005.05.099 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(05)02208-4 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref><ref name="pmid12932605">{{cite journal |author=Domanski M, Norman J, Pitt B, Haigney M, Hanlon S, Peyster E |title=Diuretic use, progressive heart failure, and death in patients in the Studies Of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=705–8 |year=2003 |month=August |pmid=12932605 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109703007654 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref><ref name="pmid12106936">{{cite journal |author=Cicoira M, Zanolla L, Rossi A, Golia G, Franceschini L, Brighetti G, Marino P, Zardini P |title=Long-term, dose-dependent effects of spironolactone on left ventricular function and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=304–10 |year=2002 |month=July |pmid=12106936 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735109702019654 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref><ref name="pmid11853901">{{cite journal |author=Faris R, Flather M, Purcell H, Henein M, Poole-Wilson P, Coats A |title=Current evidence supporting the role of diuretics in heart failure: a meta analysis of randomised controlled trials |journal=[[International Journal of Cardiology]] |volume=82 |issue=2 |pages=149–58 |year=2002 |month=February |pmid=11853901 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167527301006003 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>


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===Mechanical Circulatory Support (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid35363500">{{cite journal| author=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM | display-authors=etal| title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. | journal=Circulation | year= 2022 | volume= 145 | issue= 18 | pages= e876-e894 | pmid=35363500 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=35363500  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23747642">{{cite journal| author=Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Masoudi FA, Butler J, McBride PE et al.| title=2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2013 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=23747642 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 |pmc=|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23747642  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19324967">Jessup M, Abraham WT, Casey DE, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2009)[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19324967 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.] ''Circulation'' 119 (14):1977-2016.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/19324967 19324967]</ref><ref name="pmid16160202">Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2005) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16160202 ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society.] ''Circulation'' 112 (12):e154-235. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/16160202 16160202]</ref>===
| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''3.''' Until definitive therapy (e.g., coronary revascularization, mechanical circulatory support, heart transplantation) or resolution of the acute precipitating problem, patients with cardiogenic shock should receive temporary intravenous inotropic support to maintain systemic perfusion and preserve end-organ  performance. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>


|-
===Cardiac Transplantation (DO NOT EDIT) <ref name="pmid35363500">{{cite journal| author=Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM | display-authors=etal| title=2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. | journal=Circulation | year= 2022 | volume= 145 | issue= 18 | pages= e876-e894 | pmid=35363500 | doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=35363500 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23747642">{{cite journal| author=Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Masoudi FA, Butler J, McBride PE et al.| title=2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2013 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=23747642 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 |pmc=|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23747642  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19324967">Jessup M, Abraham WT, Casey DE, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2009)[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19324967 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.] ''Circulation'' 119 (14):1977-2016.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/19324967 19324967]</ref><ref name="pmid16160202">Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2005) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16160202 ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society.] ''Circulation'' 112 (12):e154-235. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586 DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586] PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/16160202 16160202]</ref>===
| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''4.''' Referral for [[cardiac transplantation]] in potentially eligible patients is recommended for patients with [[refractory end-stage HF]].<ref name="pmid16962464">{{cite journal| author=Mehra MR, Kobashigawa J, Starling R, Russell S, Uber PA, Parameshwar J et al.| title=Listing criteria for heart transplantation: International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation guidelines for the care of cardiac transplant candidates--2006. | journal=J Heart Lung Transplant | year= 2006 | volume= 25 | issue= 9 | pages= 1024-42 | pmid=16962464 | doi=10.1016/j.healun.2006.06.008 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16962464 }} </ref> <ref name="pmid16962463">{{cite journal |author=Jessup M, Banner N, Brozena S, Campana C, Costard-Jäckle A, Dengler T, Hunt S, Metra M, Rahmel A, Renlund D, Ross H, Warner Stevenson L |title=Optimal pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic management of cardiac transplant candidates: approaches to be considered prior to transplant evaluation: International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation guidelines for the care of cardiac transplant candidates--2006 |journal=[[The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation : the Official Publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation]] |volume=25 |issue=9 |pages=1003–23 |year=2006 |month=September |pmid=16962463 |doi=10.1016/j.healun.2006.06.007 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053-2498(06)00459-1 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki>
 
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''5.''' Referral of patients with [[refractory end-stage HF]] to a [[HF]] program with expertise in the management of [[refractory HF]] is useful. <ref name="pmid11286953">{{cite journal |author=McAlister FA, Lawson FM, Teo KK, Armstrong PW |title=A systematic review of randomized trials of disease management programs in heart failure |journal=[[The American Journal of Medicine]] |volume=110 |issue=5 |pages=378–84 |year=2001 |month=April |pmid=11286953 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9343(00)00743-9 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref><ref name="pmid15990759">{{cite journal |author=Whellan DJ, Hasselblad V, Peterson E, O'Connor CM, Schulman KA |title=Metaanalysis and review of heart failure disease management randomized controlled clinical trials |journal=[[American Heart Journal]] |volume=149 |issue=4 |pages=722–9 |year=2005 |month=April |pmid=15990759 |doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2004.09.023 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002870304006477 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref><ref name="pmid17383282">{{cite journal |author=Yancy CW, Krum H, Massie BM, Silver MA, Stevenson LW, Cheng M, Kim SS, Evans R |title=The Second Follow-up Serial Infusions of Nesiritide (FUSION II) trial for advanced heart failure: study rationale and design |journal=[[American Heart Journal]] |volume=153 |issue=4 |pages=478–84 |year=2007 |month=April |pmid=17383282 |doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2007.02.004 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-8703(07)00136-6 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref><ref name="pmid17426062">{{cite journal |author=Clark RA, Inglis SC, McAlister FA, Cleland JG, Stewart S |title=Telemonitoring or structured telephone support programmes for patients with chronic heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis |journal=[[BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)]] |volume=334 |issue=7600 |pages=942 |year=2007 |month=May |pmid=17426062 |pmc=1865411 |doi=10.1136/bmj.39156.536968.55 |url=http://www.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17426062 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''6.''' Options for end-of-life care should be discussed with the patient and family when severe symptoms in patients with [[refractory end-stage HF]] persist despite application of all recommended therapies. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
 
|-
| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''7.''' Patients with [[refractory end-stage HF]] and [[implantable defibrillators]] should receive information about the option to inactivate [[defibrillation]]. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|}
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:80%"
|-
|colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightCoral"| [[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class III]] (No Benefit)
|-
|bgcolor="LightCoral"| <nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Partial left ventriculectomy is not recommended in patients with non ischemic cardiomyopathy and [[refractory end-stage HF]]. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
|bgcolor="LightCoral"| <nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' Routine intermittent infusions of vasoactive and positive [[inotropic agent]]s are not recommended for patients with [[refractory end-stage HF]]. <ref name="pmid3766379">Krell MJ, Kline EM, Bates ER, Hodgson JM, Dilworth LR, Laufer N et al. (1986) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3766379 Intermittent, ambulatory dobutamine infusions in patients with severe congestive heart failure.] ''Am Heart J'' 112 (4):787-91. PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/3766379 3766379]</ref><ref name="pmid10426835">Oliva F, Latini R, Politi A, Staszewsky L, Maggioni AP, Nicolis E et al. (1999) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10426835 Intermittent 6-month low-dose dobutamine infusion in severe heart failure: DICE multicenter trial.] ''Am Heart J'' 138 (2 Pt 1):247-53. PMID: [http://pubmed.gov/10426835 10426835]</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|}
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:80%"
|-
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"| [[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]]
 
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.'''Continuous intravenous inotropic support is reasonable as “bridge therapy” in patients with stage D refractory to GDMT and device therapy who are eligible for and awaiting mechanical circulatory support or [[cardiac transplantation]].<ref name="pmid12595851">{{cite journal| author=Aranda JM, Schofield RS, Pauly DF, Cleeton TS, Walker TC, Monroe VS et al.| title=Comparison of dobutamine versus milrinone therapy in hospitalized patients awaiting cardiac transplantation: a prospective, randomized trial. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 2003 | volume= 145 | issue= 2 | pages= 324-9 | pmid=12595851 | doi=10.1067/mhj.2003.50 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12595851  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15454175">{{cite journal| author=Brozena SC, Twomey C, Goldberg LR, Desai SS, Drachman B, Kao A et al.| title=A prospective study of continuous intravenous milrinone therapy for status IB patients awaiting heart transplant at home. | journal=J Heart Lung Transplant | year= 2004 | volume= 23 | issue= 9 | pages= 1082-6 | pmid=15454175 | doi=10.1016/j.healun.2003.08.017 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15454175  }} </ref>''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
 
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' MCS is beneficial in carefully selected patients with stage D [[systolic dysfunction|HFrEF]] in whom definitive management (e.g., cardiac transplantation) or cardiac recovery is anticipated or planned.<ref name="pmid19608028">{{cite journal| author=Pagani FD, Miller LW, Russell SD, Aaronson KD, John R, Boyle AJ et al.| title=Extended mechanical circulatory support with a continuous-flow rotary left ventricular assist device. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2009 | volume= 54 | issue= 4 | pages= 312-21 | pmid=19608028 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2009.03.055 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19608028  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15063260">{{cite journal| author=Grady KL, Meyer PM, Dressler D, Mattea A, Chillcott S, Loo A et al.| title=Longitudinal change in quality of life and impact on survival after left ventricular assist device implantation. | journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 2004 | volume= 77 | issue= 4 | pages= 1321-7 | pmid=15063260 | doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2003.09.089 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15063260  }} </ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"| <nowiki>"</nowiki>'''3.''' Nondurable MCS, including the use of percutaneous and extracorporeal ventricular assist devices (VADs), is reasonable as a “bridge to recovery” or “bridge to decision” for carefully selected patients with [[systolic dysfunction|HFrEF]] with acute, profound hemodynamic compromise.<ref name="pmid15734771">{{cite journal| author=Thiele H, Sick P, Boudriot E, Diederich KW, Hambrecht R, Niebauer J et al.| title=Randomized comparison of intra-aortic balloon support with a percutaneous left ventricular assist device in patients with revascularized acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 2005 | volume= 26 | issue= 13 | pages= 1276-83 | pmid=15734771 | doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehi161 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15734771  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid11794191">{{cite journal |author=Rose EA, Gelijns AC, Moskowitz AJ, Heitjan DF, Stevenson LW, Dembitsky W, Long JW, Ascheim DD, Tierney AR, Levitan RG, Watson JT, Meier P, Ronan NS, Shapiro PA, Lazar RM, Miller LW, Gupta L, Frazier OH, Desvigne-Nickens P, Oz MC, Poirier VL |title=Long-term use of a left ventricular assist device for end-stage heart failure |journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]] |volume=345 |issue=20 |pages=1435–43 |year=2001 |month=November |pmid=11794191 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa012175 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa012175 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref><ref name="pmid17638928">{{cite journal |author=Lietz K, Long JW, Kfoury AG, Slaughter MS, Silver MA, Milano CA, Rogers JG, Naka Y, Mancini D, Miller LW |title=Outcomes of left ventricular assist device implantation as destination therapy in the post-REMATCH era: implications for patient selection |journal=[[Circulation]] |volume=116 |issue=5 |pages=497–505 |year=2007 |month=July |pmid=17638928 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.691972 |url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17638928 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
 
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''4.''' Durable MCS is reasonable to prolong survival for carefully selected* patients with stage D [[systolic dysfunction|HFrEF]]. <ref name="pmid11794191">{{cite journal| author=Rose EA, Gelijns AC, Moskowitz AJ, Heitjan DF, Stevenson LW, Dembitsky W et al.| title=Long-term use of a left ventricular assist device for end-stage heart failure. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2001 | volume= 345 | issue= 20 | pages= 1435-43 | pmid=11794191 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa012175 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11794191  }}  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11985429 Review in: ACP J Club. 2002 May-Jun;136(3):88] </ref><ref name="pmid19920051">{{cite journal| author=Slaughter MS, Rogers JG, Milano CA, Russell SD, Conte JV, Feldman D et al.| title=Advanced heart failure treated with continuous-flow left ventricular assist device. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2009 | volume= 361 | issue= 23 | pages= 2241-51 | pmid=19920051 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa0909938 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19920051  }} </ref>''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|}
 
{|class="wikitable" style="width:80%"
|-
| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"| [[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIb]]
 
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Short-term, continuous intravenous inotropic support may be reasonable in those hospitalized patients presenting with documented severe systolic dysfunction who present with low blood pressure and significantly depressed cardiac output to maintain systemic perfusion and preserveend-organ performance.<ref name="pmid15992636">{{cite journal| author=Abraham WT, Adams KF, Fonarow GC, Costanzo MR, Berkowitz RL, LeJemtel TH et al.| title=In-hospital mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure requiring intravenous vasoactive medications: an analysis from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2005 | volume= 46 | issue= 1 | pages= 57-64 | pmid=15992636 | doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2005.03.051 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15992636  }} </ref><ref name="pmid11911756">{{cite journal| author=Cuffe MS, Califf RM, Adams KF, Benza R, Bourge R, Colucci WS et al.| title=Short-term intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. | journal=JAMA | year= 2002 | volume= 287 | issue= 12 | pages= 1541-7 | pmid=11911756 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11911756  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17174645">{{cite journal| author=Elkayam U, Tasissa G, Binanay C, Stevenson LW, Gheorghiade M, Warnica JW et al.| title=Use and impact of inotropes and vasodilator therapy in hospitalized patients with severe heart failure. | journal=Am Heart J | year= 2007 | volume= 153 | issue= 1 | pages= 98-104 | pmid=17174645 | doi=10.1016/j.ahj.2006.09.005 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17174645  }} </ref>''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
 
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"| <nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' Continuous intravenous infusion of a positive [[inotropic agent]] may be considered for palliation of symptoms in patients with [[refractory end-stage HF]].<ref name="pmid10385768">{{cite journal| author=O'Connor CM, Gattis WA, Uretsky BF, Adams KF, McNulty SE, Grossman SH et al.|title=Continuous intravenous dobutamine is associated with an increased risk of death in patients with advanced heart failure: insights from the Flolan International Randomized Survival Trial (FIRST). | journal=Am Heart J | year= 1999 | volume= 138 | issue= 1 Pt 1 | pages= 78-86 | pmid=10385768 | doi= | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10385768  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19808355">{{cite journal| author=Gorodeski EZ, Chu EC, Reese JR, Shishehbor MH, Hsich E, Starling RC| title=Prognosis on chronic dobutamine or milrinone infusions for stage D heart failure. | journal=Circ Heart Fail | year= 2009 | volume= 2 | issue= 4 | pages= 320-4 | pmid=19808355 |doi=10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.839076 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19808355  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid9398101">{{cite journal |author=Sindone AP, Keogh AM, Macdonald PS, McCosker CJ, Kaan AF |title=Continuous home ambulatory intravenous inotropic drug therapy in severe heart failure: safety and cost efficacy |journal=[[American Heart Journal]] |volume=134 |issue=5 Pt 1|pages=889–900 |year=1997 |month=November |pmid=9398101 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000287039700149X|accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref><ref name="pmid2293976">{{cite journal |author=Miller LW, Merkle EJ, Herrmann V |title=Outpatient dobutamine for end-stage congestive heart failure |journal=[[Critical Care Medicine]] |volume=18 |issue=1 Pt 2 |pages=S30–3 |year=1990 |month=January |pmid=2293976 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref>''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
 
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"| <nowiki>"</nowiki>'''3.''' [[Pulmonary artery]] catheter placement may be reasonable to guide therapy in patients with [[refractory end-stage HF]] and persistently severe symptoms. <ref name="pmid16962463">{{cite journal |author=Jessup M, Banner N, Brozena S, Campana C, Costard-Jäckle A, Dengler T, Hunt S, Metra M, Rahmel A, Renlund D, Ross H, Warner Stevenson L |title=Optimal pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic management of cardiac transplant candidates: approaches to be considered prior to transplant evaluation: International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation guidelines for the care of cardiac transplant candidates--2006 |journal=[[The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation : the Official Publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation]] |volume=25 |issue=9 |pages=1003–23 |year=2006 |month=September |pmid=16962463 |doi=10.1016/j.healun.2006.06.007 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053-2498(06)00459-1 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref><ref name="pmid8782638">{{cite journal |author=Connors AF, Speroff T, Dawson NV, Thomas C, Harrell FE, Wagner D, Desbiens N, Goldman L, Wu AW, Califf RM, Fulkerson WJ, Vidaillet H, Broste S, Bellamy P, Lynn J, Knaus WA |title=The effectiveness of right heart catheterization in the initial care of critically ill patients. SUPPORT Investigators |journal=[[JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association]] |volume=276 |issue=11 |pages=889–97 |year=1996 |month=September |pmid=8782638 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
|-
|bgcolor="LemonChiffon"| <nowiki>"</nowiki>'''4.''' The effectiveness of [[mitral valve repair]] or [[mitral valve replacement|replacement]] is not established for severe secondary [[mitral regurgitation]] in [[refractory end-stage HF]]. <ref name="pmid9475533">{{cite journal |author=Bolling SF, Pagani FD, Deeb GM, Bach DS |title=Intermediate-term outcome of mitral reconstruction in cardiomyopathy |journal=[[The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery]] |volume=115 |issue=2 |pages=381–6; discussion 387–8 |year=1998 |month=February |pmid=9475533 |doi= |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/A86884 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref><ref name="pmid15680716">{{cite journal |author=Wu AH, Aaronson KD, Bolling SF, Pagani FD, Welch K, Koelling TM |title=Impact of mitral valve annuloplasty on mortality risk in patients with mitral regurgitation and left ventricular systolic dysfunction |journal=[[Journal of the American College of Cardiology]] |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=381–7 |year=2005 |month=February |pmid=15680716 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2004.09.073 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0735-1097(04)02140-0 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref><ref name="pmid17888974">{{cite journal |author=Mann DL, Acker MA, Jessup M, Sabbah HN, Starling RC, Kubo SH |title=Clinical evaluation of the CorCap Cardiac Support Device in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy |journal=[[The Annals of Thoracic Surgery]] |volume=84 |issue=4 |pages=1226–35 |year=2007 |month=October |pmid=17888974 |doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.03.095 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003-4975(07)00892-2 |accessdate=2012-04-06}}</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])'' <nowiki>"</nowiki>
 
|}


==Vote on and Suggest Revisions to the Current Guidelines==
==Vote on and Suggest Revisions to the Current Guidelines==

Revision as of 22:26, 14 June 2022
Resident
Survival
Guide
File:Critical Pathways.gif

Congestive Heart Failure Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Systolic Dysfunction
Diastolic Dysfunction
HFpEF
HFrEF

Causes

Differentiating Congestive heart failure from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Clinical Assessment

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

Cardiac MRI

Echocardiography

Exercise Stress Test

Myocardial Viability Studies

Cardiac Catheterization

Other Imaging Studies

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring

Medical Therapy:

Summary
Acute Pharmacotherapy
Chronic Pharmacotherapy in HFpEF
Chronic Pharmacotherapy in HFrEF
Diuretics
ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers
Aldosterone Antagonists
Beta Blockers
Ca Channel Blockers
Nitrates
Hydralazine
Positive Inotropics
Anticoagulants
Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor
Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Nutritional Supplements
Hormonal Therapies
Drugs to Avoid
Drug Interactions
Treatment of underlying causes
Associated conditions

Exercise Training

Surgical Therapy:

Biventricular Pacing or Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT)
Implantation of Intracardiac Defibrillator
Ultrafiltration
Cardiac Surgery
Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs)
Cardiac Transplantation

ACC/AHA Guideline Recommendations

Initial and Serial Evaluation of the HF Patient
Hospitalized Patient
Patients With a Prior MI
Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention
Surgical/Percutaneous/Transcather Interventional Treatments of HF
Patients at high risk for developing heart failure (Stage A)
Patients with cardiac structural abnormalities or remodeling who have not developed heart failure symptoms (Stage B)
Patients with current or prior symptoms of heart failure (Stage C)
Patients with refractory end-stage heart failure (Stage D)
Coordinating Care for Patients With Chronic HF
Quality Metrics/Performance Measures

Implementation of Practice Guidelines

Congestive heart failure end-of-life considerations

Specific Groups:

Special Populations
Patients who have concomitant disorders
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Patient with CHF
NSTEMI with Heart Failure and Cardiogenic Shock

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S. [2]Mahmoud Sakr, M.D. [3]

2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Heart Failure Guideline/ 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline/2009 ACC/AHA Focused Update and 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in the Adult (DO NOT EDIT) [1][2][3]

Specialty Referral for Advanced HF (DO NOT EDIT) [1][2][3][4]

Nonpharmacological Management: Advanced HF (DO NOT EDIT) [1][2][3][4]

Inotropic Support (DO NOT EDIT) [1][2][3][4]

Mechanical Circulatory Support (DO NOT EDIT) [1][2][3][4]

Cardiac Transplantation (DO NOT EDIT) [1][2][3][4]

Vote on and Suggest Revisions to the Current Guidelines

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References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM; et al. (2022). "2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines". Circulation. 145 (18): e876–e894. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001062. PMID 35363500 Check |pmid= value (help).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Masoudi FA, Butler J, McBride PE; et al. (2013). "2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines". J Am Coll Cardiol. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019. PMID 23747642.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Jessup M, Abraham WT, Casey DE, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2009) 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation 119 (14):1977-2016.DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064 PMID:19324967
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2005) ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 112 (12):e154-235. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586 PMID: 16160202

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