Carcinoembryonic antigen gene family
Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Henry A. Hoff
The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, or immunoglobulin supergene family.
Gene ID: 634 is CEACAM1 CEA cell adhesion molecule 1 on 19q13.2: "This gene encodes a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family, which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Two subgroups of the CEA family, the CEA cell adhesion molecules and the pregnancy-specific glycoproteins, are located within a 1.2 Mb cluster on the long arm of chromosome 19. Eleven pseudogenes of the CEA cell adhesion molecule subgroup are also found in the cluster. The encoded protein was originally described in bile ducts of liver as biliary glycoprotein. Subsequently, it was found to be a cell-cell adhesion molecule detected on leukocytes, epithelia, and endothelia. The encoded protein mediates cell adhesion via homophilic as well as heterophilic binding to other proteins of the subgroup. Multiple cellular activities have been attributed to the encoded protein, including roles in the differentiation and arrangement of tissue three-dimensional structure, angiogenesis, apoptosis, tumor suppression, metastasis, and the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been reported, but the full-length nature of all variants has not been defined."[1]
- NP_001020083.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 2 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an exon in the 3' coding region that results in a frameshift and an early stop codon, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 2) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform 1. This variant has been referred to by multiple names, including BGPc, transmembrane carcinoembryonic antigen 3, TM3-CEA, and CEACAM1-4S."[1]
- NP_001171742.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 4 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an alternate, in-frame, exon, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 3) is shorter when it was compared to isoform 1."[1]
- NP_001171744.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 3 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has one and lacks a different alternate, in-frame, segment, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 3) is shorter when it was compared to isoform 1. This variant has been referred to as 'alternative spliced isoform 3S' and 'short form 3'."[1]
- NP_001171745.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 5 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks two coding region segments, one of which shifts the reading frame, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 5) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus when it is compared to isoform 1."[1]
- NP_001192273.1 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 6 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks a segment, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 6) has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1."[1]
- NP_001703.2 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 isoform 1 precursor: "Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest protein (isoform 1). This variant has been referred to by multiple names, including transmembrane carcinoembryonic antigen BGPa, TM1-CEA, and CEACAM1-4L."[1]