CCL2

For the ICAO airport code see Candle Lake Airpark, for the diradical compound see Dichlorocarbene.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2
PDB rendering based on 1dok.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: Template:Homologene2PDBe PDBe, Template:Homologene2uniprot RCSB List of PDB id codes 1dok​, 1dol​, 1dom​, 1don​, 1ml0​, 2bdn​
Identifiers
Symbols	CCL2 ; GDCF-2; GDCF-2 HC11; HC11; HSMCR30; MCAF; MCP-1; MCP1; MGC9434; SCYA2; SMC-CF
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 2245
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is also known as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). It is found at the site of tooth eruption and bone degradation. In the bone, CCL2 is expressed by mature osteoclasts and osteoblasts and is under the control of nuclear factor κB (NFκB). CCL2 recruits immune cells, such as monocytes, to sites of tissue injury and infection. This chemokine is produced as a protein precursor containing signal peptide of 23 amino acids and a mature peptide of 76 amino acids. It is a monomeric polypeptide, with a molecular weight of approximately 13kDa. As with many other CC chemokines, CCL2 is located on chromosome 17 in humans. The cell surface receptors that bind CCL2 are CCR2 and CCR5.

Function

CCL2 induces recruitment of monocytes, T lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils and is responsible for many inflammatory reactions to disease, and has been linked to recruitment of osteoclast precursors.

In human osteoclasts, it has been shown that CCL2 and RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) are unregulated by RANKL (receptor activator of NFκB ligand). And that both MCP-1 and RANTES induced the formation of TRAP-positive, multinuclear cells from M-CSF-treated monocytes in the absence of RANKL, but produced osteoclasts that lacked cathepsin K expression and resorptive capacity. It is proposed that CCL2 and RANTES act as autocrine loop in human osteoclast differentiation.

Further reading

• Yoshimura T, Leonard EJ (1992). "Human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)". Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 305: 47–56. PMID 1661560.
• Wahl SM, Greenwell-Wild T, Hale-Donze H; et al. (2000). "Permissive factors for HIV-1 infection of macrophages". J. Leukoc. Biol. 68 (3): 303–10. PMID 10985244.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Sell H, Eckel J (2007). "Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and its role in insulin resistance". Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 18 (3): 258–62. doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e3281338546. PMID 17495598.