Abdominal pain
| Abdominal pain | |
| ICD-10 | R10 |
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| ICD-9 | 789.0 |
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Abdominal pain Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Abdominal pain On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Abdominal pain |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] M.Umer Tariq [3]
Overview
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes Based Upon Location
- Diffuse Abdominal pain | Intraperitoneal | Extraperitoneal | Epigastric and Upper Quadrant | Right Upper Quadrant | Right Lower Quadrant | Left Upper Quadrant | Left Lower Quadrant | Pelvic/Hypogastric Region | Causes by Organ System
Diagnosis
- History | Physicial Examination | Electrolyte and Biomarker Studies | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | Other Imaging Findings
Selected causes
- Parietal peritoneal inflammation
- Due to infection: inflamed or suppurative appendix in appendicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease
- Due to chemical irritation: perforated gastric or peptic ulcer; pancreatitis, Mittelschmerz, ruptured ectopic pregnancy
- Miscellaneous (familial Mediterranean fever)
- Inflammation of bowel wall Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, microscopic colitis, diverticulitis, gastroenteritis
- Autoimmune: sarcoidosis, vasculitis
- Mechanical obstruction of hollow viscera such as the small intestine, the appendix associated with appendicitis, the large intestine (e.g. by intussusception), the biliary tree (e.g. by gallstones), or the ureter (e.g. by urinary calculi)
- vascular disturbances (leading to ischemia): embolism, thrombosis, vascular rupture, torsional occlusion (volvulus), sickle cell anemia, left renal vein entrapment, superior mesenteric artery syndrome (nutcracker syndrome)
- Abdominal wall injury/disruption: mesenteric traction, muscle trauma, muscular infection, abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES), also known as intercostal neuralgia; diverticulosis (rare)
- Digestive: lactose intolerance, Celiac sprue
- distention of visceral surfaces such as the hepatic or renal capsule
- Referred pain from the thorax (pneumonia, coronary occlusion), the spine (radiculitis secondary to arthritis), genitals (testicular torsion)
- Metabolic disturbance: lead poisoning, Black widow spider bite, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, porphyria, C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency, adrenal insufficiency
- Neurogenic pain: tabes dorsalis, herpes zoster, Lyme disease (Lyme radiculitis or Bannwarth syndrome)
- Functional pain, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (affecting up to 20% of the population, IBS is the most common cause of recurrent, intermittent abdominal pain)
- Reproductive organs (in women): mittelschmerz, torsion of the ovary, ectopic pregnancy,
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Endometriosis
- Post-surgical adhesions
- Diarrhea
- Meningitis
See also
References
Additional Reading
- Apley J, Naish N: Recurrent abdominal pains: A field survey of 1,000 school children. Arch Dis Child 1958;33:165 - 170.
- Chronic Pelvic Pain and Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Female Adolescents
- Boyle JT, Hamel-Lambert J: Biopsychosocial issues in functional abdominal pain. Pediatr Ann 2001;30:1.
- [4] Stomach ache or abdominal pain can be misdiagnosed.Consult a Gastroenterologist rather than ER doctor if Pain persists more than a day.
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