Pulmonary edema causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

Common Causes

• Congestive heart failure
• Coronary Heart Disease
• Aortic Regurgitation
• Aortic Stenosis
• Mitral Regurgitation
• Mitral Stenosis
• Myocarditis
• Pericardial Disease
• Infection
• Sepsis

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Severe Arrhythmias (tachycardia/fast heartbeat or bradycardia/slow heartbeat),Arteriovenous malformation,Anomalous pulmonary venous return, Aortic Regurgitation, Aortic Stenosis, Arrhythmia, Cardiomyopathy, Congenital pulmonary vein stenosis, Congestive heart failure, Coronary Heart Disease, Hypertensive crisis, Left Heart Failure, Left-to-Right Shunt, Mitral Regurgitation, Mitral Stenosis, Myocarditis, Pericardial Disease, Pericardial effusion with tamponade, ST elevation MI with left ventricular failure
Chemical / poisoning	Chemotherapy
Dermatologic
Drug Side Effect	A variety of Drugs, particularly Chemotherapeutic agents such as anthracyclines, Bosutinib, Cytarabine, Gemcitabine, Hydrochlorothiazide, Meropenem, Muromonab-CD3, Oprelvekin, Phenylephrine, Pilocarpine, Pramipexole, Protamine sulfate, prednisolone
Ear Nose Throat	Upper airway obstruction
Endocrine	Pheochromocytoma
Environmental	High altitude sickness. Ascent to high altitude occasionally causes high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), Inhalation of toxic gases such as amonia, Water intoxication
Gastroenterologic	Gastric content aspiration
Genetic
Hematologic	Blood Transfusions, Idiopathic Venoocclusive Disease, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Leukemia
Iatrogenic	Hyperhydration, Blood Transfusions, High altitude sickness. Ascent to high altitude occasionally causes high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)
Infectious Disease	Bacterial toxins, Malaria, Miliary Tuberculosis, Sepsis, Toxic Shock Syndrome
Musculoskeletal / Ortho
Neurologic	Neurogenic, e.g. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Nutritional / Metabolic	Hypoalbuminemia / Albumin deficiency, Water intoxication
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Toxic Shock Syndrome
Oncologic	Chemotherapy
Opthalmologic
Overdose / Toxicity	Chemotherapy, Water intoxication
Psychiatric	Psychogenic polydipsia with hyperhydration, Water intoxication
Pulmonary	Acute Bronchial Asthma, Drowning, Gastric content aspiration, Mediastinitis,Pneumonia, Pulmonary contusion, Pulmonary embolism, Reexpansion, i.e. post pneumonectomy or large volume thoracentesis, Reperfusion injury, i.e. postpulmonary thromboendartectomy or lung transplantation, Upper airway obstruction
Renal / Electrolyte	Acute Renal Failure, Uremia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Goodpasture's Syndrome
Sexual
Trauma	Drowning, Burns, Inhalation of toxic gases, Pulmonary contusion, Trauma
Urologic	Acute Renal Failure, Uremia
Miscellaneous	Decompression sickness, Shock

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Cardiogenic

• Severe arrhythmias (tachycardia/fast heartbeat or bradycardia/slow heartbeat)
• Arteriovenous malformation
• Anomalous pulmonary venous return
• Aortic Regurgitation
• Aortic Stenosis
• Arrhythmia
• Cardiomyopathy
• Congenita pulmonary venous stenosis
• Congestive heart failure
• Coronary Heart Disease
• Cytarabine
• Hypertensive crisis
• Left Heart Failure
• Left-to-Right Shunt
• Mitral Regurgitation
• Mitral Stenosis
• Myocarditis
• Pericardial Disease
• Pericardial effusion with tamponade
• ST elevation MI with left ventricular failure

Non-cardiogenic

This form is contiguous with ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome):

• Acute Bronchial Asthma
• Acute Renal Failure
• Bacterial toxins
• Blood Transfusions
• Burns
• Chronic mediastinitis
• Decompression sickness
• Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
• Drowning
• Drugs
• Fibrotic/inflammatory disease
• Fluid overload, e.g. from kidney failure
• Gastric content aspiration
• Goodpasture's Syndrome
• High altitude sickness. Ascent to high altitude occasionally causes high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)
• Hyperhydration
• Hypoalbuminemia / Albumin deficiency
• Idiopathic Venoocclusive Disease
• Inhalation of toxic gases
• Infection
• Leukemia
• Malaria
• Miliary Tuberculosis
• Neurogenic, e.g. subarachnoid hemorrhage
• Oprelvekin
• Pheochromocytoma
• Pneumonia
• Pulmonary contusion, i.e. high-energy trauma
• Pulmonary Embolism
• Reexpansion, i.e. post pneumonectomy or large volume thoracentesis
• Reperfusion injury, i.e. postpulmonary thromboendartectomy or lung transplantation
• Sepsis
• Shock
• Toxic Shock Syndrome
• Multitrauma, e.g. motor vehicle accident
• Upper airway obstruction
• Uremia