Pulmonary edema classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farnaz Khalighinejad, MD [2]
Overview
Pulmonary edema can be classified on the basis of etiology into 2 subtypes, including cardiogenic pulmonary edema (left ventricular failure, myocardial infarction, left ventricle hypertrophy cardiomyopathy) and, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (high altitude pulmonary edema, neurogenic pulmonary edema, reperfusion pulmonary edema, re-expansion pulmonary edema)
Classification
Pulmonary edema may be classified according to etiology into 2 groups:
- Cardiogenic pulmonary edema, which can be secondary to:[1]
- Left ventricular failure
- Dysrhythmia
- Left ventricular hypertrophy cardiomyopathy
- Volume overload
- Myocardial Infarction
- Left ventricular outflow obstruction
- Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema which can be secondary to:[2]
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- High altitude pulmonary edema
- Neurogenic pulmonary edema
- Reperfusion pulmonary edema
- Re-expansion pulmonary edema
- Others(opioid overdose, salicylate toxicity, viral infections)
Pulmonary edema Cardiogenic Non-cardiogenic LV failure Dysrhythmia LV hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy Volume overload Myocardial Infarction LV outflow obstruction Direct injury to lung Hematogenous injury to lung Lung injury plus elevated hydrostatic pressure Chest trauma,pulmonary contusion Aspiration Smoke inhalation Pneumonia Oxygen toxicity Pulmonary embolism,reperfusion High altitude pulmonary edema Neurogenic pulmonary edema Reexpansion pulmonary edema Sepsis Pancreatitis Nonthoracic trauma Multiple transfusions Intravenous drug use. e.g. heroin References
- ↑ Attias D, Mansencal N, Auvert B, Vieillard-Baron A, Delos A, Lacombe P, N'Guetta R, Jardin F, Dubourg O (2010). "Prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of patients presenting with cardiogenic unilateral pulmonary edema". Circulation. 122 (11): 1109–15. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.934950. PMID 20805429.
- ↑ Calenoff L, Kruglik GD, Woodruff A (1978). "Unilateral pulmonary edema". Radiology. 126 (1): 19–24. doi:10.1148/126.1.19. PMID 619405.