Nephrotic syndrome risk factors: Difference between revisions
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{{Nephrotic syndrome}} | {{Nephrotic syndrome}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MJ}} | |||
==Overview== | |||
Multiple risk factors may be involved in the nephrotic syndrome, such as family history, gender, and [[obesity]]. Also, diseases such as [[Hodgkin's lymphoma|Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[leukemia]], [[Virus|viral]] diseases, and medications such as [[lithium]], [[D-penicillamine]] can be risk factors for developing different types of nephrotic syndromes. | |||
==Risk factors== | ==Risk factors== | ||
Risk factors of nephrotic syndrome depend on the type of syndromes as below: | Risk factors of nephrotic syndrome depend on the type of syndromes, as below: | ||
=== Common risk factors === | === Common risk factors === | ||
Risk factors of development of minimal change disease include:<ref name="IijimaHamahira20022">{{cite journal|last1=Iijima|first1=Kazumoto|last2=Hamahira|first2=Kiyoshi|last3=Tanaka|first3=Ryojiro|last4=Kobayashi|first4=Akiko|last5=Nozu|first5=Kandai|last6=Nakamura|first6=Hajime|last7=Yoshikawa|first7=Norishige|title=Risk factors for cyclosporine-induced tubulointerstitial lesions in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome|journal=Kidney International|volume=61|issue=5|year=2002|pages=1801–1805|issn=00852538|doi=10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00303.x}}</ref> | Risk factors of development of [[minimal change disease]] include:<ref name="IijimaHamahira20022">{{cite journal|last1=Iijima|first1=Kazumoto|last2=Hamahira|first2=Kiyoshi|last3=Tanaka|first3=Ryojiro|last4=Kobayashi|first4=Akiko|last5=Nozu|first5=Kandai|last6=Nakamura|first6=Hajime|last7=Yoshikawa|first7=Norishige|title=Risk factors for cyclosporine-induced tubulointerstitial lesions in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome|journal=Kidney International|volume=61|issue=5|year=2002|pages=1801–1805|issn=00852538|doi=10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00303.x}}</ref> | ||
* Children within the Age >1 year but <8 years | * Children within the Age >1 year but <8 years | ||
* [[Hodgkin's lymphoma|Hodgkin lymphoma]] | * [[Hodgkin's lymphoma|Hodgkin lymphoma]] | ||
* [[Leukemia]] | * [[Leukemia]] | ||
* Recent viral illness | * Recent viral illness | ||
* Toxins such as [[Mercury (element)|mercury]], [[gold]], bee stings, fire coral exposure | * Toxins such as [[Mercury (element)|mercury]], [[gold]], bee stings, fire coral exposure. | ||
* Medication such as<ref name="pmid279404603">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vivarelli M, Massella L, Ruggiero B, Emma F |title=Minimal Change Disease |journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=332–345 |date=February 2017 |pmid=27940460 |pmc=5293332 |doi=10.2215/CJN.05000516 |url=}}</ref> | * Medication such as<ref name="pmid279404603">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vivarelli M, Massella L, Ruggiero B, Emma F |title=Minimal Change Disease |journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=332–345 |date=February 2017 |pmid=27940460 |pmc=5293332 |doi=10.2215/CJN.05000516 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**Salazopyrin | **Salazopyrin | ||
| Line 26: | Line 23: | ||
** [[D-penicillamine]] | ** [[D-penicillamine]] | ||
** Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor | ** Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor | ||
The following are considered risk factors for the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS):<ref name="FSGS">{{cite web |url= http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/22820/InTech-Focal_segmental_glomerulosclerosis.pdf|title= Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.|last1= Sohal |first1= DS |last2= Prabhakar |first2= SS |date=November 02, 2011|website= Interchopen |publisher= InTech |accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> | The following are considered risk factors for the development of [[focal segmental glomerulosclerosis]] ([[Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis|FSGS]]):<ref name="FSGS">{{cite web |url= http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/22820/InTech-Focal_segmental_glomerulosclerosis.pdf|title= Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.|last1= Sohal |first1= DS |last2= Prabhakar |first2= SS |date=November 02, 2011|website= Interchopen |publisher= InTech |accessdate=3 December 2013}}</ref> | ||
* Male gender | * Male gender | ||
* Black race | * Black race | ||
| Line 38: | Line 35: | ||
=== Less common risk factors === | === Less common risk factors === | ||
Below conditions and toxins can be a risk factor for nephrotic syndrome<ref name="pmid12944064">{{cite journal| author=Eddy AA, Symons JM| title=Nephrotic syndrome in childhood. | journal=Lancet | year= 2003 | volume= 362 | issue= 9384 | pages= 629-39 | pmid=12944064 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14184-0 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12944064 }}</ref> | Below conditions and toxins can be a risk factor for nephrotic syndrome<ref name="pmid12944064">{{cite journal| author=Eddy AA, Symons JM| title=Nephrotic syndrome in childhood. | journal=Lancet | year= 2003 | volume= 362 | issue= 9384 | pages= 629-39 | pmid=12944064 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14184-0 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12944064 }}</ref> | ||
<div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> | |||
*Adaptation to [[nephron]] reduction | *Adaptation to [[nephron]] reduction | ||
*[[Amyloidosis]] | *[[Amyloidosis]] | ||
*[[Bee sting]] | *[[Bee sting]] | ||
*[[Castleman's disease]] | *[[Castleman's disease]] | ||
*[[Chronic interstitial nephritis]] | *[[Chronic interstitial nephritis]] | ||
| Line 49: | Line 46: | ||
*[[Fabry's disease]] | *[[Fabry's disease]] | ||
*[[Food allergens]] | *[[Food allergens]] | ||
*[[Gold]] | *[[Gold]] | ||
*[[Goodpasture's syndrome]] | *[[Goodpasture's syndrome]] | ||
| Line 88: | Line 84: | ||
*[[Vasculitis]] | *[[Vasculitis]] | ||
*[[Viral hepatitis]] | *[[Viral hepatitis]] | ||
</div> | |||
====Drug Induced==== | ====Drug Induced==== | ||
<div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> | |||
*[[Agalsidase beta]] | *[[Agalsidase beta]] | ||
*[[Certolizumab pegol]] | *[[Certolizumab pegol]] | ||
| Line 96: | Line 94: | ||
*[[Trimethadione]] | *[[Trimethadione]] | ||
*[[Ziv-aflibercept]] | *[[Ziv-aflibercept]] | ||
</div> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category: | |||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Nephrology]] | [[Category:Nephrology]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:58, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mehrian Jafarizade, M.D [2]
Overview
Multiple risk factors may be involved in the nephrotic syndrome, such as family history, gender, and obesity. Also, diseases such as Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, viral diseases, and medications such as lithium, D-penicillamine can be risk factors for developing different types of nephrotic syndromes.
Risk factors
Risk factors of nephrotic syndrome depend on the type of syndromes, as below:
Common risk factors
Risk factors of development of minimal change disease include:[1]
- Children within the Age >1 year but <8 years
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Leukemia
- Recent viral illness
- Toxins such as mercury, gold, bee stings, fire coral exposure.
- Medication such as[2]
- Salazopyrin
- Tiopronin
- Lithium
- D-penicillamine
- Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor
The following are considered risk factors for the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS):[3]
- Male gender
- Black race
- Family history
- Heroin abuse
- Drugs known to be associated with FSGS
- Chronic viral infection
- Single kidney status
- Obesity
Less common risk factors
Below conditions and toxins can be a risk factor for nephrotic syndrome[4]
- Adaptation to nephron reduction
- Amyloidosis
- Bee sting
- Castleman's disease
- Chronic interstitial nephritis
- Dermatomyositis
- Diabetes mellitus
- Endocarditis
- Fabry's disease
- Food allergens
- Gold
- Goodpasture's syndrome
- Graft vs. host disease
- Henoch-Schonlein purpura
- Heroin
- HIV
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Interferon
- Kimura's disease
- Leukemia
- Lipoatrophy
- Lithium
- Lymphomas
- Malaria
- Mercury
- Mixed connective tissue disease
- Multiple myeloma
- NSAID
- Obesity
- Oligomeganephronia
- Orthostatic proteinuria
- Penicillamine
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Pre-eclampsia
- Probenecid
- Renal vein thrombosis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Sarcoidosis
- Sickle cell anemia
- Sjogren's syndrome
- Sorafenib
- Streptococcal Infection
- Syphillis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Thyroid disease
- Toxoplasmosis
- Vasculitis
- Viral hepatitis
Drug Induced
References
- ↑ Iijima, Kazumoto; Hamahira, Kiyoshi; Tanaka, Ryojiro; Kobayashi, Akiko; Nozu, Kandai; Nakamura, Hajime; Yoshikawa, Norishige (2002). "Risk factors for cyclosporine-induced tubulointerstitial lesions in children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome". Kidney International. 61 (5): 1801–1805. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00303.x. ISSN 0085-2538.
- ↑ Vivarelli M, Massella L, Ruggiero B, Emma F (February 2017). "Minimal Change Disease". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 12 (2): 332–345. doi:10.2215/CJN.05000516. PMC 5293332. PMID 27940460.
- ↑ Sohal, DS; Prabhakar, SS (November 02, 2011). "Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis" (PDF). Interchopen. InTech. Retrieved 3 December 2013. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ Eddy AA, Symons JM (2003). "Nephrotic syndrome in childhood". Lancet. 362 (9384): 629–39. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14184-0. PMID 12944064.