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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Antiphospholipid syndrome}} | | [[Image:Home_logo1.png|right|250px|link=https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Antiphospholipid_syndrome]] |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}}{{AE}}{{FT}} |
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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome should be differentiated from conditions such as [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]]-[[thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] (HUS-TTP), [[disseminated intravascular coagulation]] (DIC), and [[vasculitis]] . | | Antiphospholipid syndrome should be differentiated from conditions such as [[hemolytic uremic syndrome]]-[[thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] (HUS-TTP), [[disseminated intravascular coagulation]] (DIC), p[[Vasculitis|aroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]], [[SLE]], [[Cryoglobulinemia|HELLP syndrome]] and other [[Myeloproliferative neoplasm|myeloproliferative]] diseases. |
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| ==Differentiating Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome from other Diseases== | | ==Differentiating Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome from other Diseases== |
| * [[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]-[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] (HUS-TTP) | | * [[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]-[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] (HUS-TTP) |
| * [[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation]] (DIC) | | * [[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation]] (DIC) |
| * [[Vasculitis]] | | * [[Vasculitis|paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]] |
| * Embolic disease | | * [[SLE]] |
| * [[Cryoglobulinemia]] | | * [[Cryoglobulinemia|HELLP syndrome]] |
| * [[Calciphylaxis]] | | * [[Myeloproliferative neoplasm|Myeloproliferative]] diseases |
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| <span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:''' | | <span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:''' |
| ABG= [[Arterial blood gas]], ANA= [[Antinuclear antibody]], ANP= [[Atrial natriuretic peptide]], ASO= [[Antistreptolysin O|Antistreptolysin O antibody]], BNP= [[Brain natriuretic peptide]], CBC= [[Complete blood count]], COPD= [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], CRP= [[C-reactive protein]], CT= [[Computed tomography]], CXR= [[Chest X-ray]], DVT= [[Deep vein thrombosis]], ESR= [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], HRCT= [[High Resolution CT]], IgE= [[Immunoglobulin E]], LDH= [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], PCWP= [[Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure]], PCR= [[Polymerase chain reaction]], PFT= [[Pulmonary function test]].</span> | | ABG= [[Arterial blood gas]], ANA= [[Antinuclear antibody]], ANP= [[Atrial natriuretic peptide]], ASO= [[Antistreptolysin O|Antistreptolysin O antibody]], BNP= [[Brain natriuretic peptide]], CBC= [[Complete blood count]], COPD= [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], CRP= [[C-reactive protein]], CT= [[Computed tomography]], CXR= [[Chest X-ray]], DVT= [[Deep vein thrombosis]], ESR= [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], HRCT= [[High Resolution CT]], IgE= [[Immunoglobulin E]], LDH= [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], PCWP= [[Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure]], PCR= [[Polymerase chain reaction]], PFT= [[Pulmonary function test]].</span> |
| <small>
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| {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center" | | {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center" |
| ! colspan="3" rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Diseases | | ! colspan="3" rowspan="4" |Diseases |
| | colspan="8" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Clinical manifestations''' | | | colspan="7" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Clinical manifestations''' |
| ! colspan="9" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Para-clinical findings | | ! colspan="7" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Para-clinical findings |
| | colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Gold standard''' | | | colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Gold standard''' |
| ! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Additional findings | | ! rowspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Additional findings |
| |- | | |- |
| | colspan="5" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Symptoms''' | | | colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |'''Symptoms''' |
| ! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Physical examination | | ! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Physical examination |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Lab Findings | | ! colspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Lab Findings |
| ! colspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Imaging | | ! colspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Imaging |
| ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Histopathology | | ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Histopathology |
| |- | | |- |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Headache | | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Dyspnea |
| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Fever | | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" | Fever |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss | | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Weight loss |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Arthralgia | | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Arthralgia |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Claudication | | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Skin manifestation |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Bruit
| | ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Organomegaly |
| ! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |HTN | |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Focal neurological disorder | | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Focal neurological disorder |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Biomarker
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC | | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CBC |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |ESR | | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |ESR |
| | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Antibodies |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other | | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CT scan | | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |CT scan |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Angiography
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Ultrasound/ Echocardiography
| |
| ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other | | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" |Other |
| |- | | |- |
| ! rowspan="18" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |Medium-Vessel Vasculitis
| | ! colspan="3" |[[Antiphospholipid syndrome]] |
| ! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]<ref name="pmid25770638">{{cite journal| author=Howard T, Ahmad K, Swanson JA, Misra S| title=Polyarteritis nodosa. | journal=Tech Vasc Interv Radiol | year= 2014 | volume= 17 | issue= 4 | pages= 247-51 | pmid=25770638 | doi=10.1053/j.tvir.2014.11.005 | pmc=4363102 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25770638 }}</ref> | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | ![[Livedoid vasculitis|Livedo]] reticularis, palpable [[purpura]], leg [[Ulcer|ulcers]], [[Raynaud's phenomenon|raynaud]] phenomena |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| | ![[hepatomegaly]], |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | [[splenomegaly]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
| | ![[Stroke]], [[Transient ischemic attack|transient]] ischemic attack |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/- | | ![[Schistocytes]] on peripheral smear,[[Thrombocytopenia]], [[Hemolytic anemia]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[LAMP2|LAMP-2 protein autoantibodies]] | | !↑ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[Normochromic anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
| | ![[Lupus]] [[anticoagulant]],[[Anti-cardiolipin antibodies|anticardiolipin]] antibodies |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑ | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑ [[Creatinine|Cr]] or [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]],
| | ![[Stroke]], |
| ↑ [[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[Proteinuria]]
| | |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Focal regions of [[infarction]] or [[hemorrhage]] | | [[Pulmonary embolism]], [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Multiple [[Aneurysm|microaneurysms]], [[Hemorrhage]] due to focal [[rupture]], [[Occlusion]]
| | ![[Doppler ultrasound|Doppler]] ultrasonography for recurrent [[Deep vein thrombosis|DVT]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Aneurysms]] and [[renal]] [[arteriovenous fistula]] in [[Doppler sonography|color Doppler sonography]] | | !Noninflammatory bland [[thrombosis]] without perivascular [[inflammation]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | !Hx of [[thrombosis]] and [[antiphospholipid antibodies]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrotizing]] [[inflammatory]] lesions | | ![[Miscarriage]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Angiography]] | |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Sudden [[weight loss]], [[Abdominal pain]] | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hepatitis B virus]]-associated [[polyarteritis nodosa]]<ref name="pmid25755502">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sharma A, Sharma K |title=Hepatotropic viral infection associated systemic vasculitides-hepatitis B virus associated polyarteritis nodosa and hepatitis C virus associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis |journal=J Clin Exp Hepatol |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=204–12 |date=September 2013 |pmid=25755502 |pmc=4216827 |doi=10.1016/j.jceh.2013.06.001 |url=}}</ref> | | ! colspan="3" |[[Systemic lupus erythematosus|Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/- | | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/- | | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/- | | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/- | | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | ! [[Leukopenia]], [[Lymphopenia]], [[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytopenia]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hepatitis B surface antigen|HBsAg]]
| | !↑ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[Normochromic anemia]], [[Thrombocytosis]]
| | ![[Anti-dsDNA antibody|Anti dsDNA]], [[ANA]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑ | | !↑[[Creatinine|Cr]] or [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑ [[ALT]] or [[AST]] | | |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Focal regions of [[infarction]] or [[hemorrhage]] | | ↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[Proteinuria]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Aneurysms|Microaneurysms]] in [[mesenteric artery]]
| | !Interstitial lung disease, [[Pneumonitis]], [[Pulmonary emboli]], [[Hemorrhage|Alveolar hemorrhage]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Aneurysms]] and [[renal]] [[arteriovenous fistula]] in [[Doppler sonography|color Doppler sonography]] | | ![[Central nervous system|Central nervous system (CNS)]] [[Systemic lupus erythematosus|lupus]]<nowiki/>white-matter changes in [[MRI]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | !Staging [[lupus nephritis]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrotizing]] [[inflammatory]] lesions
| | ![[Anti-dsDNA antibody|Anti-dsDNA antibody test]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Angiography]] | | ![[Skin rashes]] or [[photosensitivity]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Peripheral neuropathy]], [[Livedo reticularis]] | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Kawasaki disease]]<ref name="pmid21447126">{{cite journal| author=Takahashi K, Oharaseki T, Yokouchi Y| title=Pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease. | journal=Clin Exp Immunol | year= 2011 | volume= 164 Suppl 1 | issue= | pages= 20-2 | pmid=21447126 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04361.x | pmc=3095860 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21447126 }}</ref> | | ! rowspan="7" |[[Thrombosis]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | ! rowspan="4" |[[Thrombophilia]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | ![[Disseminated intravascular coagulation|DIC]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
| | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !+/- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/- | | ! [[Cyanosis|Acral cyanosis]], [[Hemorrhagic]] skin [[Infarction|infarctions]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[NT-proBNP]], [[Meprin A]], [[Filamin A interacting protein 1 like|Filamin C]]
| | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Normochromic anemia]], ↑[[WBC]] with a [[left shift]], [[Thrombocytosis]] | | ![[Thrombocytopenia]], [[Schistocytes]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑ | | !↑ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Acute phase reactant|Acute-phase reactants]], ↓[[Cholesterol]], ↓[[HDL]], ↓[[Apolipoprotein A1|ApolipoA]] | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Coronary artery]] [[Calcification|calcifications]] | | !↑[[D-dimer]], [[aPTT]] and [[PT]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Coronary artery aneurysm|Coronary artery aneurysms]], [[Coronary artery stenosis|stenosis]] or [[Coronary artery anomaly|occlusion]] | | ![[Intracranial hemorrhage]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Coronary artery anomaly]] in [[echocardiography]] | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Electron beam tomography|Electron beam CT (EBCT)]]
| | ![[Ischemia]] and [[necrosis]] due to [[Fibrin|fibrin deposition]] in small and medium-sized [[vessels]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Acute destruction of the [[Tunica media|media]] by [[neutrophils]], with loss of [[elastic fibers]]
| | !Clinical findings coupled with [[Medical laboratory|laboratory abnormalities]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |History and [[physical examination]] | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Diarrhea]], [[Vomiting]] | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! rowspan="10" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Infectious disease]] | | ![[ITP|HUS]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19 infection]]<ref name="pmid12097253">{{cite journal| author=Heegaard ED, Brown KE| title=Human parvovirus B19. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 2002 | volume= 15 | issue= 3 | pages= 485-505 | pmid=12097253 | doi= | pmc=118081 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12097253 }}</ref>
| | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | ![[Liver]]/[[spleen]] swelling |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | ![[Anemia]], |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
| | |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19|B19]] [[DNA]], ↓[[Reticulocyte count]] | | [[Thrombocytopenia]], [[Reticulocyte|Reticulocytosis]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Anemia]] | | !↑ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑ | | ![[ADAMTS13]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |anti–[[parvovirus B19]] [[IgM]]
| | !Increased [[lactate dehydrogenase]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | ![[Thalami]], [[brainstem]], or [[cerebellum]]<nowiki/>abnormality |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hydrops]] in fetal [[ultrasonography]]
| | ![[Thromboses|Microthromboses]]<nowiki/>include [[Fibrin|fibrin thrombi]] that may occlude the [[glomerular]] tufts |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !Clinical findings coupled with [[Medical laboratory|laboratory abnormalities]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | ![[Hematuria]], [[Proteinuria]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Parvovirus B19|B19]] [[DNA]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Purpura|Purpuric rash]], [[Erythema multiforme]] | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Scarlet fever]]<ref name="pmid29081840">{{cite journal| author=Basetti S, Hodgson J, Rawson TM, Majeed A| title=Scarlet fever: a guide for general practitioners. | journal=London J Prim Care (Abingdon) | year= 2017 | volume= 9 | issue= 5 | pages= 77-79 | pmid=29081840 | doi=10.1080/17571472.2017.1365677 | pmc=5649319 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29081840 }}</ref> | | ![[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura|ITP]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !+/- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
| | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | ![[Petechia|Petechiae]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | ![[Splenomegaly]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | ![[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytopenia]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Antistreptococcal antibodies|Antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titers]] | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] | | !Anti platelet factor 4 antibodies |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑ | | ![[HIV]], [[ANA]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[CRP]] | | !R/O other causes |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Thickened [[pulmonary]] markings if [[pneumonia]] | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !Increased number of normal morphologic [[megakaryocytes]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | !Clinical findings coupled with [[thrombocytopenia]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | ![[Easy bruising]], [[Purpura]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Sparse [[Neutropenia|neutrophilic]] [[Perivascular cell|perivascular infiltrate]] | |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |History and [[physical examination]] | |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Sand-paper rashes, [[Sore throat]]
| |
| |- | | |- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Toxic shock syndrome]]<ref name="pmid22180682">{{cite journal| author=Vostral SL| title=Rely and Toxic Shock Syndrome: a technological health crisis. | journal=Yale J Biol Med | year= 2011 | volume= 84 | issue= 4 | pages= 447-59 | pmid=22180682 | doi= | pmc=3238331 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22180682 }}</ref> | | ![[HELLP syndrome|HELLP]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | ![[Hepatomegaly]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/- | | ![[Anemia]], [[Thrombocytopenia]], [[Schistocytes]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Procalcitonin]] | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] with [[left shift]]
| | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑ | | !↑[[Bilirubin]], ↓[[Haptoglobin]], ↑[[Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH]], ↑[[Creatinine|Cr]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Myoglobinuria]], [[Pyuria|Sterile pyuria]] | | !Cortical hypodense areas in the [[Occipital lobe|occipital lobes]], Diffuse [[cerebral edema]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]]
| | !Ultrasonography shows [[Fetal growth retardation|Poor fetal growth]], [[Oligohydramnios]], Abnormal [[umbilical artery]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | ![[Urinalysis|24-hour urine study]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | ![[Seizure]], [[Edema]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrosis|Necrolysis]] of [[keratinocytes]] in [[epidermis]], Perivascular [[lymphocytic]] infiltrate
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Clinical criteria | |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Peeling or [[rashes]], Organ dysfunction | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Mononucleosis]]<ref name="pmid25774295">{{cite journal| author=Balfour HH, Dunmire SK, Hogquist KA| title=Infectious mononucleosis. | journal=Clin Transl Immunology | year= 2015 | volume= 4 | issue= 2 | pages= e33 | pmid=25774295 | doi=10.1038/cti.2015.1 | pmc=4346501 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25774295 }}</ref> | | ! colspan="2" |[[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria|Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !+/- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | ![[Anemia]], [[Reticulocyte|reticulocytosis]], |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]] [[DNA]] | | |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Atypical lymphocyte]]
| | Increased [[lactate]] [[dehydrogenase]] (LDH) and [[bilirubin]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Heterophile antibody test|Heterophile antibodies]]
| | !Direct [[Coombs test|antiglobulin]] (Coombs) testing (DAT) |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[CNS Disease|CNS involvement]]
| | !Increased [[haptoglobin]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Splenomegaly]] | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Encephalitis]] in [[MRI]] | | !Bone marrow biopsy shows normocellular or hypercellular bone marrow with [[Red blood cell|erythroid]] [[hyperplasia]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lymphoproliferative response]] in [[oropharynx]], [[Lymphocytic|Lymphocytic infiltration]] in [[spleen]] | | ![[Flow cytometry]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Heterophile antibody test]] | | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Splenomegaly]], [[Palatal]] [[petechiae]] | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Leptospirosis]]<ref name="pmid11292640">{{cite journal |vauthors=Levett PN |title=Leptospirosis |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=296–326 |date=April 2001 |pmid=11292640 |pmc=88975 |doi=10.1128/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001 |url=}}</ref> | | ! colspan="2" |[[Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia|Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
| | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | * Redness of skin |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | * [[Purpura]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | * Bleeding from the skin |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Interleukin 6|IL-6]], [[IL-8]] and [[IL-10]]
| | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Anemia]] | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | ![[Thrombocytopenia]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[Creatinine|Cr]] or [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], | | !+ |
| ↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[Proteinuria]]
| | !Anti-heparin-PF4 IgG |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | Diffuse [[alveolar]] [[hemorrhage]]
| | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | * Serotonin release assay (SRA) |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | * Heparin induce platelet aggregation (HIPA) assays |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | * Solid-phase immunoassay (SPI) (H-PF4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [[[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|ELISA]]]) |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Toxin]]-mediated break down of [[endothelial cell]] membranes of [[capillaries]]
| | * Particle gel immunoassay (PIFA) |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Culture and the [[Agglutination|microscopic agglutination test]] | | ![[Stroke]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[mesenteric ischemia]], intraabdominal or [[Retroperitoneum|retroperitoneal]] bleeding, or acute limb [[ischemia]]. |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Red eyes]], [[Skin rash]] | | !- |
| | ![[Schistocytes]] |
| | !Serotonin release assay |
| | !Limb gangrene |
| | |
| | Skin necrosis |
| |- | | |- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Lyme disease|Lyme Disease]]<ref name="pmid23319969">{{cite journal| author=Biesiada G, Czepiel J, Leśniak MR, Garlicki A, Mach T| title=Lyme disease: review. | journal=Arch Med Sci | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 6 | pages= 978-82 | pmid=23319969 | doi=10.5114/aoms.2012.30948 | pmc=3542482 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23319969 }}</ref> | | ! colspan="2" |[[Myeloproliferative disease|Myeloproliferative diseases]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/- | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/- | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/- | | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | * [[Petechiae]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | * Anal pruritis |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | ![[Splenomegaly]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[CXCL9|CXCL9 (MIG)]], [[CXCL10|CXCL10 (IP-10)]] and [[CCL19|CCL19 (MIP3B)]] | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukopenia]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
| | !↑[[White blood cells|WBCs]], predominantly [[Neutrophil|neutrophils]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Microscopic hematuria]], [[Proteinuria]], ↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]] | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Punctate lesions in periventricular [[white matter]] in [[brain]] [[SPECT]] | | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | * [[Bone marrow aspiration]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | * [[Biopsy|Trephine biopsy]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | * [[Lumbar puncture]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans]]
| | * [[Lymph node biopsy]]. |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Serological testing|Serologic '''tests''']]
| | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythema migrans]]
| | * Enlarged lymph nodes |
| | * [[Splenomegaly]] |
| | * Splanchnic venous thrombosis |
| | ! [[PET]] scan- [[metastasis]] in bone marrow |
| | ! Terminal [[myeloid]] cell expansion |
| | ![[Philedelphia chromosome]] by PCR or BCR/ABL by FISH |
| | ! |
| | * [[Bruising]] |
| | * [[Epistaxis]] |
| | * [[Bleeding gums]] |
| | * [[Menorrhagia]] |
| | * [[Metrorrhagia]] |
| | * [[Petechiae]] |
| |- | | |- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Measles]]<ref name="pmid22510638">{{cite journal| author=White SJ, Boldt KL, Holditch SJ, Poland GA, Jacobson RM| title=Measles, mumps, and rubella. | journal=Clin Obstet Gynecol | year= 2012 | volume= 55 | issue= 2 | pages= 550-9 | pmid=22510638 | doi=10.1097/GRF.0b013e31824df256 | pmc=3334858 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22510638 }}</ref> | | ! rowspan="3" |[[Recurrent pregnancy loss]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/- | | ! colspan="2" |[[Uterine]] abnormality |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Measles]] [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]] | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukopenia]], [[Lymphocytosis]], [[Thrombocytopenia]] | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]] | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Pneumonia]]
| | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Chest X-ray|CXR]] | | ![[Ultrasound]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Spongiosis and vesiculation in the [[epidermis]] with scattered dyskeratotic [[keratinocytes]] | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[PCR]] | |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rash|Generalized rash]], [[Cough]], [[Coryza]], or [[Conjunctivitis]]
| |
| |- | | |- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever]]<ref name="pmid2504480">{{cite journal| author=Walker DH| title=Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a disease in need of microbiological concern. | journal=Clin Microbiol Rev | year= 1989 | volume= 2 | issue= 3 | pages= 227-40 | pmid=2504480 | doi= | pmc=358117 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2504480 }}</ref> | | ! colspan="2" |[[Chromosomal abnormality]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !-/+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |''[[Rickettsia rickettsii infection|R rickettsii]]'' [[serology]] | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombocytopenia]], [[Anemia]] | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[ALT]] or [[AST]], [[Hyponatremia]] | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Infarction]], [[edema]], and [[meningeal]] enhancement | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Myocardial]] or conduction abnormalities in [[echocardiography]] | | ![[Karyotyping]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Immunofluorescent]] or [[immunoperoxidase]] staining of ''[[Rickettsia rickettsii infection|R rickettsii]]''
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Clinical criteria and [[tick]] exposure
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Rash on the [[Palms of the hands|palms]] and [[soles]]
| |
| |- | | |- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome|Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome]]<ref name="pmid27651848">{{cite journal| author=Mishra AK, Yadav P, Mishra A| title=A Systemic Review on Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): A Rare and Critical Disease of Neonates. | journal=Open Microbiol J | year= 2016 | volume= 10 | issue= | pages= 150-9 | pmid=27651848 | doi=10.2174/1874285801610010150 | pmc=5012080 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27651848 }}</ref> | | ! colspan="2" |[[Hypothyroidism]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| | !-/+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | ![[Myxedema]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | Dry skin |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
| | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
| | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Anti exfoliatin and [[Alpha toxin|anti alpha-toxin antibodies]] | | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] with [[left shift]] | | !+ |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Blood culture]]
| | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Pneumonia]]
| | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | * Low [[T3]],[[T4]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| | |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Epidermal bullosa simplex|Intraepidermal blister]], dense superficial perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate | | * Normal/ low [[Thyroid-stimulating hormone|TSH]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Blood culture]] and clinical findings
| | |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythroderma|'''Widespread''' skin erythema]], [[Blisters|fluid-filled '''blisters''']] | | * Rest of [[pituitary]] hormone levels WNL |
| |-
| | !- |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis]]<ref name="pmid27239294">{{cite journal| author=Hoetzenecker W, Mehra T, Saulite I, Glatz M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Guenova E et al.| title=Toxic epidermal necrolysis. | journal=F1000Res | year= 2016 | volume= 5 | issue= | pages= | pmid=27239294 | doi=10.12688/f1000research.7574.1 | pmc=4879934 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27239294 }}</ref> | | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | * Assays for anti-TPO and anti-Tg Ab |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+ | | ! |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| | * Dry skin |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | * [[Bradycardia]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |- | | * Hair loss |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[MicroRNA|MicroRNA-124]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia|Normochromic normocytic anemia]], [[Eosinophilia]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Fluid loss]] and [[electrolyte abnormalities]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Tracheobronchial]] [[inflammation]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Necrotic]] [[keratinocytes]] with full-thickness [[epithelial]] [[necrosis]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Histopathology]] and clinical findings
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Erythematous rash|Erythematous macular rash]] with [[purpuric]] centers
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="3" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cardiovascular disease]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Atrial Myxoma]]<ref name="pmid8407260">{{cite journal |vauthors=MacGowan SW, Sidhu P, Aherne T, Luke D, Wood AE, Neligan MC, McGovern E |title=Atrial myxoma: national incidence, diagnosis and surgical management |journal=Ir J Med Sci |volume=162 |issue=6 |pages=223–6 |date=June 1993 |pmid=8407260 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Calretinin]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Mild [[anemia]], [[Leukocytosis]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑ | |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑[[Interleukin 6|IL-6]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Atrial]] filling defect larger than a [[thrombus]] | |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Tumor]] location, size, attachment, and mobility in [[echocardiography]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Size, shape, and surface characteristics in [[MRI]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lipid|Lipidic]] cells embedded in a [[vascular]] myxoid stroma
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Echocardiography]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Dyspnea on exertion]], [[Syncope]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Cholesterol Embolism]]<ref name="pmid21886725">{{cite journal| author=Avci G, Akoz T, Gul AE| title=Cutaneous cholesterol embolization. | journal=J Dermatol Case Rep | year= 2009 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 27-9 | pmid=21886725 | doi=10.3315/jdcr.2009.1031 | pmc=3157794 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21886725 }}</ref>
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/- | |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Interleukin 5|IL-5]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Eosinophilia]], [[Leukocytosis]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Eosinophiluria]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thoracic aorta|Thoracic]] and [[Abdominal aorta|abdominal aortic]] sources of [[embolism]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Atheroembolism]] in [[abdominal aorta]] and the [[lower extremity]] [[arteries]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Excluding an [[intracardiac]] source of [[embolism]] with [[echocardiography]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Birefringent]] crystals or biconvex needle-shaped ghostly clefts within the [[arterial]] [[lumen]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Angiography]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Livedo reticularis]],
| |
|
| |
|
| [[Ischemic|Ischemic patches]] | | * [[Myxedema]] |
| |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Segmental arteries|Segmental arterial]] mediolysis<ref name="Chao2009">{{cite journal|last1=Chao|first1=Christine|title=Segmental Arterial Mediolysis|journal=Seminars in Interventional Radiology|volume=26|issue=03|year=2009|pages=224–232|issn=0739-9529|doi=10.1055/s-0029-1225666}}</ref>
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Visceral]] artery [[aneurysm]] in [[CT angiography]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Alternating [[aneurysms]] and [[stenoses]] (beading)
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Retroperitoneal hematoma]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Disruption of the [[smooth muscle]] in the [[Tunica media|media]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Angiography]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hematuria]], [[Ischemic colitis]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Systemic disease]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Antiphospholipid syndrome|Antiphospholipid Syndrome]]<ref name="pmid26637701">{{cite journal| author=Chaturvedi S, McCrae KR| title=The antiphospholipid syndrome: still an enigma. | journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue= | pages= 53-60 | pmid=26637701 | doi=10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.53 | pmc=4877624 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26637701 }}</ref>
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Antiphospholipid antibodies]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombocytopenia]], [[Hemolytic anemia]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lupus anticoagulant|Lupus anticoagulant (LA)]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Stroke]],
| |
|
| |
|
| [[Pulmonary embolism]], [[Budd-Chiari syndrome]]
| | * Delayed relaxation phase of deep [[Tendon reflex|tendon reflexes]] |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Thrombus]] in major [[vessels]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Valve thickening, vegetations, or insufficiency in [[echocardiography]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Noninflammatory bland [[thrombosis]] without perivascular [[inflammation]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Hx of [[thrombosis]] and [[antiphospholipid antibodies]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Miscarriage]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis]]<ref name="pmid22753788">{{cite journal |vauthors=Espinosa M, Gottlieb BS |title=Juvenile idiopathic arthritis |journal=Pediatr Rev |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=303–13 |date=July 2012 |pmid=22753788 |doi=10.1542/pir.33-7-303 |url=}}</ref>
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |+/-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |-
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rheumatoid factor|Rheumatoid factor (RF)]], [[S100A12]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Lymphocytosis]], [[Thrombocytopenia]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |↑
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Myeloid-related proteins 8/14 (MRP8/14)
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Synovial]] [[hypertrophy]], Joint effusions
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Cerebral vasculitis]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Inflamed [[synovium]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Bone scan|Bone scanning]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Vascular congestion]], [[Extravasation|RBC extravasation]], Venular lumen occlusion
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Conventional [[radiography]]
| |
| ! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Rash|Evanescent rash]], [[Dactylitis]]
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |} | | |} |
| </small>
| |
|
| |
|
| ==References== | | ==References== |