Sudden cardiac versus non-cardiac death
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Zand, M.D.[2] Edzel Lorraine Co, DMD, MD[3]
Overview
- Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a natural, rapid, unexpected death secondary to cardiac causes within an hour of symptom onset in witnessed scenarios, and within a day in unwitnessed cases [1].
- Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is the unexpected cessation of pumping blood into vital organs due to electrical disturbance in the pathway of sinoatrial node (SA node), atrioventricular node (AV node), His Purkinje fibers or cardiac pumping failure due to cardiogenic shock, massive pulmonary thromboembolism,fulminant myocarditis, and ruptured left ventricular free wall.
- Without any intervention for immediate restoration of the circulation, biologic death will happen minutes to weeks after cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac death in the United States ranges from 300,000 to 400,000 which is 50% of all causes of deaths. [2] In-hospital cardiac arrest happens in 290,000 adults every year in the United States. The most common cause of sudden cardiac death is coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis. The presence of underlying disorders such as malignancy or liver disease at the time of cardiac arrest makes the condition worse. Patients with acute myocardial infarction and in-hospital cardiac arrest with shockable rhythm have a better prognosis. Post cardiopulmonary resuscitation state management should be focused on neurologic complications, hemodynamic stability, and respiratory support.
References
- ↑ Calvo Cuervo D (2023). "Comment on the ESC Guidelines 2022 for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death". Eur Cardiol. 18: e01. doi:10.15420/ecr.2022.48. PMC 9947934 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 36844932 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Haissaguerre M, Hocini M, Sacher F, Shah A (2010). "[Sudden cardiac death, a major scientific challenge]". Bull Acad Natl Med. 194 (6): 983–93, discussion 993-5. PMID 21513133.