Sudden cardiac death history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Zand, M.D.[2] Edzel Lorraine Co, DMD, MD[3] Nehal Eid, M.D.[4]
Overview
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) often happens without warning and symptoms are usually drastic. History taking should be concise and be more focused on information very pertinent to SCD such as the presence of family history of SCD, epilepsy, deafness due to long QT syndrome (LQTS), sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), or pacemaker implantation at 50 years old or younger [1] [2].
Symptoms
- Symptoms related to arrhythmia or underlying heart diseasemay include the following:
- Palpitation
- Lightheadedness
- Syncope
- Chest pain
- Dyspnea at rest or on exertion
- Orthopnea
- Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), and
- Edema[3]
In young adults, sudden cardiac arrest occurs more frequently at rest and during sleep than during exercise. In a study in which 153 persons aged 19 to 34 years, only 8 (5.2%) occurred during sports related activity.[4]
Other studies have found that among young adults, the sudden cardiac death occurred during exercise in 7% to 15%, whereas 30% to 40% died during sleep.[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10]
Sudden cardiac death during sexual intercourse is rare. An autopsy-based study involving 6847 persons with sudden cardiac death in the UK reported that 17 (0.2%) occurred during or within an hour of sexual intercourse. The mean age of the17 who died suddenly was 38 years,11 (65%) of whom were men. The autopsy results showed that 9 cases (53%) had a structurally normal heart consistent with sudden arrhythmic death syndrome.[11]
References
- ↑ Brignole M, Moya A, de Lange FJ, Deharo JC, Elliott PM, Fanciulli A; et al. (2018). "2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope". Eur Heart J. 39 (21): 1883–1948. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy037. PMID 29562304.
- ↑ Ranthe MF, Winkel BG, Andersen EW, Risgaard B, Wohlfahrt J, Bundgaard H; et al. (2013). "Risk of cardiovascular disease in family members of young sudden cardiac death victims". Eur Heart J. 34 (7): 503–11. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs350. PMID 23150455.
- ↑ Marijon E, Uy-Evanado A, Dumas F, Karam N, Reinier K, Teodorescu C, Narayanan K, Gunson K, Jui J, Jouven X, Chugh SS (January 2016). "Warning Symptoms Are Associated With Survival From Sudden Cardiac Arrest". Ann Intern Med. 164 (1): 23–9. doi:10.7326/M14-2342. PMC 5624713. PMID 26720493.
- ↑ Jayaraman R, Reinier K, Nair S, et al. Risk factors of sudden cardiac death in the young: multiple-year community-wide assessment. Circulation. 2018;137(15):1561-1570. doi:10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031262
- ↑ Bagnall RD, Weintraub RG, Ingles J, et al. A prospective study of sudden cardiac death among children and young adults. NEnglJMed.2016;374 (25):2441-2452. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1510687
- ↑ Wisten A, Krantz P, Stattin EL. Sudden cardiac death among the young in Sweden from 2000 to 2010:an autopsy-based study.Europace.2017;19 (8):1327-1334.
- ↑ Ha FJ, Han HC, Sanders P, et al. Sudden cardiac death in the young:incidence, trends, and risk factors in a nationwide study. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes.2020;13(10):e006470.doi:10.1161/ CIRCOUTCOMES.119.006470
- ↑ Rücklová K, Dobiáš M, Bílek M, et al.Burden of sudden cardiac death in persons aged 1-40 years in the CzechRepublic. CentEurJPublicHealth. 2022;30(1):58-64. doi:10.21101/cejph.a6793
- ↑ Winkel BG, Holst AG, Theilade J, et al. Nationwide study of sudden cardiac death in persons aged1-35years. Eur HeartJ. 2011;32(8): 983-990.doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehq428
- ↑ Lynge TH, Nielsen JL, Risgaard B, van der Werf C, Winkel BG, Tfelt-Hansen J. Causes of sudden cardiac death according to age and sex in persons aged 1-49 years. HeartRhythm.2023;20(1):61-68. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.08.036
- ↑ Finocchiaro G, Westaby J, Behr ER, Papadakis M, Sharma S, Sheppard MN. Association of sexual intercourse with sudden cardiac death in young individuals in the United Kingdom. JAMACardiol. 2022;7(3):358-359. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021. 5532