Aphasia causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

Usually, aphasias are a result of damage (lesions) to the language centres of the brain (like Broca's area). These areas are almost always located in the left hemisphere, and in most people this is where the ability to produce and comprehend language is found. However, in a very small number of people language ability is found in the right hemisphere. In either case, damage to these language areas can be caused by a stroke, traumatic brain injury, or other head injury. Aphasia may also develop slowly, as in the case of a brain tumor or progressively neurological disease. It may also be caused by a sudden hemorrhagic event within the brain.

Causes

Common Causes

• Alzheimer's dementia
• Brain tumor
• Dementia
• Head injury
• Migraine
• Status epilepticus
• Stroke
• Traumatic brain injury

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Aortic arch syndrome, bacterial meningitis, cerebral arteriovenous malformation, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, Moyamoya disease, multi-infarct dementia, Parkinson disease, stroke, transient ischemic attack, traumatic brain injury, Wernicke syndrome, Wernicke's encephalopathy
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Insulin shock therapy, santonin, bupropion, ceftibuten, cevimeline, clomipramine, cyproterone, donepezil, ezogabine, fentanyl, foscarnet, gabapentin, galantamine, glatiramer acetate, insulin shock therapy , interferon alpha -2b, lamotrigine, lopromide, memantine, nelarabine, nicotine, octreotide, oxcarbazepine, paroxetine, pregabalin, quinine, rasagiline, rifabutin, ritonavir, ropinirole, sumatriptan and naproxen, trazodone, ziconotide
Ear Nose Throat	Hypoglycemia, Bacterial meningitis, Systemic lupus erythematosus
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Wernicke's encephalopathy, hydrocephalus, Huntington disease,
Genetic	MASA syndrome
Hematologic	Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome, Moyamoya disease,
Iatrogenic	Radiation induced meningioma
Infectious Disease	Brain abscess, herpes simplex encephalitis, tertiary syphilis, bacterial meningitis,
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Intracerebral hemorrhage, Parkinson disease, stroke, hydrocephalus, primary CNS lymphoma, bacterial meningitis, Huntington disease,
Neurologic	Adrenoleukodystrophy, alexia (disorder), Alzheimer's dementia, arcuate fasciculus damage, autism spectrum disorders, bacterial meningitis, benign astrocytoma, benign partial epilepsies of childhood, brain aneurysm, brain abscess, brain failure, brain tumor, cerebral arteriovenous malformation, cerebral atrophy, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, dementia, dissociative state, frontotemporal dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Gerstmann syndrome, head injury, Hemispatial neglect, herpes simplex encephalitis, Huntington disease, hydrocephalus, hypoglycemia,Intracerebral hemorrhage, Intracranial epidural hematoma, intracranial space-occupying lesion, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, malignant astrocytomas, malignant hemispheric infarction, MASA syndrome, meningioma, migraine, motor neuron disease, Moyamoya disease, multi-infarct dementia, multiple sclerosis, status epilepticus, Parkinson disease, Pick's disease, postconcussion syndrome, primary CNS lymphoma, radiation induced meningioma, Rasmussen's encephalitis, Schilder's disease, semantic dementia, senile dementia, status epilepticus, stroke, subdural hematoma, systemic lupus erythematosus, temporal lobe brain abscess, temporal lobe atrophy, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome, tertiary syphilis, transient ischemic attack, traumatic brain injury, Wernicke syndrome, Wernicke's encephalopathy, western equine encephalitis,
Nutritional / Metabolic	Hypoglycemia, Moyamoya disease
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Benign astrocytoma, brain tumor, intracranial epidural hematoma, intracranial space-occupying lesion, malignant astrocytomas, malignant hemispheric infarction, meningioma
Opthalmologic	Huntington disease, hydrocephalus, migraine, Moyamoya disease, primary CNS lymphoma, systemic lupus erythematosus,
Overdose / Toxicity	Insulin shock therapy, santonin, sedative-hypnotic, drug intoxication
Psychiatric	Dementia, dissociative state, frontotemporal dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Huntington disease, multi-infarct dementia, primary CNS lymphoma, semantic dementia, senile dementia
Pulmonary	Aortic arch syndrome
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Moyamoya disease, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual	Tertiary syphilis
Trauma	Head injury, postconcussion syndrome, subdural hematoma, traumatic brain injury
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Acquired epileptic aphasia Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children Adrenoleukodystrophy Alexia (disorder) Alzheimer's dementia Aortic arch syndrome Arcuate fasciculus damage Autism spectrum disorders Bacterial meningitis Benign astrocytoma Benign partial epilepsies of childhood Brain abscess Brain aneurysm Brain failure Brain tumor Bupropion Ceftibuten Cerebral arteriovenous malformation Cerebral atrophy Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis Cevimeline Clomipramine Cyproterone Dementia Dissociative state Donepezil Ezogabine Fentanyl Foscarnet Frontotemporal dementia Frontotemporal lobar degeneration Gabapentin Galantamine Gerstmann's syndrome Glatiramer acetate Head injury Hemispatial neglect Herpes simplex encephalitis Huntington disease Hydrocephalus Hypoglycemia Insulin shock therapy Interferon alpha -2b Intracerebral hemorrhage Intracranial epidural hematoma Intracranial space-occupying lesion Lamotrigine Landau-Kleffner syndrome Lopromide

Malignant astrocytomas Malignant hemispheric infarction MASA syndrome Memantine Meningioma Migraine Motor neuron disease Moyamoya disease Multi-infarct dementia Multiple myeloma Nelarabine Nicotine Octreotide Oxcarbazepine Parkinson disease Paroxetine Pick's disease Postconcussion syndrome Pregabalin Primary CNS lymphoma Quinine Radiation induced meningioma Rasagiline Rasmussen's encephalitis Rifabutin Ritonavir Ropinirole Santonin Schilder's disease Sedative-hypnotic drug intoxication Semantic dementia Senile dementia Status epilepticus Stroke Subdural hematoma Sumatriptan and Naproxen Systemic lupus erythematosus Temporal lobe abscess Temporal lobe atrophy Tertiary syphilis Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome Transient ischemic attack Traumatic brain injury Trazodone Wernicke syndrome Wernicke's encephalopathy Western equine encephalitis Ziconotide

References

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