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{{Infobox_gene}}
'''Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 1''' also known as '''VPAC<sub>1</sub>''', is a [[protein]], that in humans is encoded by the ''VIPR1'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez"/> VPAC<sub>1</sub> is expressed in the brain ([[cerebral cortex]], [[hippocampus]], [[amygdala]]), [[lung]], [[prostate]], peripheral blood [[leukocytes]], [[liver]], [[small intestine]], [[heart]], [[spleen]], [[placenta]], [[kidney]], [[thymus]] and [[testis]].<ref name="Ishihara, 1992">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ishihara T, Shigemoto R, Mori K, Takahashi K, Nagata S | title = Functional expression and tissue distribution of a novel receptor for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide | journal = Neuron | volume = 8 | issue = 4 | pages = 811–9 | date = Apr 1992 | pmid = 1314625 | doi = 10.1016/0896-6273(92)90101-I }}</ref><ref name="Usdin, 1994">{{cite journal | vauthors = Usdin TB, Bonner TI, Mezey E | title = Two receptors for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide with similar specificity and complementary distributions | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 135 | issue = 6 | pages = 2662–80 | date = Dec 1994 | pmid = 7988457 | doi = 10.1210/en.135.6.2662 }}</ref><ref name="Sreedharan, 1995">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sreedharan SP, Huang JX, Cheung MC, Goetzl EJ | title = Structure, expression, and chromosomal localization of the type I human vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor gene | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 92 | issue = 7 | pages = 2939–43 | date = Mar 1995 | pmid = 7708752 | pmc = 42334 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.92.7.2939 }}</ref>


== Function ==
VPAC<sub>1</sub> is a receptor for [[vasoactive intestinal peptide]] (VIP), a small [[neuropeptide]]. [[Vasoactive]] intestinal peptide is involved in [[smooth muscle]] relaxation, exocrine and endocrine [[secretion]], and water and ion flux in [[lung]] and intestinal [[epithelia]]. Its actions are effected through integral [[membrane receptor]]s associated with a [[guanine]] nucleotide binding protein which activates [[adenylate cyclase]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: VIPR1 vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7433| accessdate = }}</ref>


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VIP acts in an [[autocrine]] fashion via VPAC<sub>1</sub>1 to inhibit [[megakaryocyte]] proliferation and induce [[proplatelet]] formation.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nam C, Case AJ, Hostager BS, O'Dorisio MS | title = The role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in megakaryocyte proliferation | journal = Journal of Molecular Neuroscience | volume = 37 | issue = 2 | pages = 160–7 | date = Feb 2009 | pmid = 18663606 | doi = 10.1007/s12031-008-9119-x }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Freson K, Peeters K, De Vos R, Wittevrongel C, Thys C, Hoylaerts MF, Vermylen J, Van Geet C | title = PACAP and its receptor VPAC1 regulate megakaryocyte maturation: therapeutic implications | journal = Blood | volume = 111 | issue = 4 | pages = 1885–93 | date = Feb 2008 | pmid = 18000164 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1182/blood-2007-06-098558 }}</ref>
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| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


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== Clinical significance ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
Patients with [[idiopathic]] [[achalasia]] show a significant difference in the distribution of [[Single-nucleotide polymorphism|SNP]]s affecting VIPR1.<ref name="Paladini-2009">{{cite journal | vauthors = Paladini F, Cocco E, Cascino I, Belfiore F, Badiali D, Piretta L, Alghisi F, Anzini F, Fiorillo MT, Corazziari E, Sorrentino R | title = Age-dependent association of idiopathic achalasia with vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 gene | journal = Neurogastroenterology and Motility | volume = 21 | issue = 6 | pages = 597–602 | date = Jun 2009 | pmid = 19309439 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01284.x }}</ref>
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =  
| Name = Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1
| HGNCid = 12694
| Symbol = VIPR1
| AltSymbols =; II; FLJ41949; HVR1; PACAP-R-2; RDC1; VAPC1; VIPR; VIRG; VPAC1
| OMIM = 192321
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 3399
| MGIid = 109272
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_VIPR1_205019_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004930 |text = G-protein coupled receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004999 |text = vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006936 |text = muscle contraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007187 |text = G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007268 |text = synaptic transmission}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007586 |text = digestion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008284 |text = positive regulation of cell proliferation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 7433
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000114812
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004615
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004624
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 42519121
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 42554064
    | Hs_Uniprot = P32241
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 22354
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000032528
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011703
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035833
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 121491414
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 121519332
    | Mm_Uniprot = P97751
  }}
}}
'''Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1''', also known as '''VIPR1''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: VIPR1 vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7433| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
VIP and PACAP levels were decreased in anterior vaginal wall of stress [[urinary incontinence]] and [[pelvic organ prolapse]] patients, they may participate in the pathophysiology of these diseases.<ref name="Hong-2008">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hong X, Huang L, Song Y | title = Role of vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in the vaginal wall of women with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse | journal = International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction | volume = 19 | issue = 8 | pages = 1151–7 | date = Aug 2008 | pmid = 18351280 | doi = 10.1007/s00192-008-0585-z }}</ref>
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes a receptor for vasoactive intestinal peptide, a small neuropeptide. Vasoactive intestinal peptide is involved in smooth muscle relaxation, exocrine and endocrine secretion, and water and ion flux in lung and intestinal epithelia. Its actions are effected through integral membrane receptors associated with a guanine nucleotide binding protein which activates adenylate cyclase.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: VIPR1 vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7433| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==See also==
== See also ==
* [[Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor]]
* [[Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor]]


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==Further reading==
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = | title = [Quaternary structure of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthetase] | journal = Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR | volume = 222 | issue = 4 | pages = 997–1000 | date = Jun 1975 | pmid = 807467 | doi =  | trans-title = Quaternary structure of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthetase }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sreedharan SP, Huang JX, Cheung MC, Goetzl EJ | title = Structure, expression, and chromosomal localization of the type I human vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor gene | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 92 | issue = 7 | pages = 2939–43 | date = Mar 1995 | pmid = 7708752 | pmc = 42334 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.92.7.2939 }}
*{{cite journal | author= |title=[Quaternary structure of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthetase] |journal=Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR |volume=222 |issue= 4 |pages= 997-1000 |year= 1975 |pmid= 807467 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Couvineau A, Gaudin P, Maoret JJ, Rouyer-Fessard C, Nicole P, Laburthe M | title = Highly conserved aspartate 68, tryptophane 73 and glycine 109 in the N-terminal extracellular domain of the human VIP receptor are essential for its ability to bind VIP | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 206 | issue = 1 | pages = 246–52 | date = Jan 1995 | pmid = 7818527 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1034 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sreedharan SP, Huang JX, Cheung MC, Goetzl EJ |title=Structure, expression, and chromosomal localization of the type I human vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor gene. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=92 |issue= 7 |pages= 2939-43 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7708752 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gagnon AW, Aiyar N, Elshourbagy NA | title = Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a human liver vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor | journal = Cellular Signalling | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 321–33 | date = Mar 1994 | pmid = 7917790 | doi = 10.1016/0898-6568(94)90037-X }}
*{{cite journal | author=Couvineau A, Gaudin P, Maoret JJ, ''et al.'' |title=Highly conserved aspartate 68, tryptophane 73 and glycine 109 in the N-terminal extracellular domain of the human VIP receptor are essential for its ability to bind VIP. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=206 |issue= 1 |pages= 246-52 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7818527 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sreedharan SP, Patel DR, Xia M, Ichikawa S, Goetzl EJ | title = Human vasoactive intestinal peptide1 receptors expressed by stable transfectants couple to two distinct signaling pathways | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 203 | issue = 1 | pages = 141–8 | date = Aug 1994 | pmid = 8074647 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2160 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gagnon AW, Aiyar N, Elshourbagy NA |title=Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a human liver vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor. |journal=Cell. Signal. |volume=6 |issue= 3 |pages= 321-33 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7917790 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Couvineau A, Rouyer-Fessard C, Darmoul D, Maoret JJ, Carrero I, Ogier-Denis E, Laburthe M | title = Human intestinal VIP receptor: cloning and functional expression of two cDNA encoding proteins with different N-terminal domains | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 200 | issue = 2 | pages = 769–76 | date = Apr 1994 | pmid = 8179610 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1517 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sreedharan SP, Patel DR, Xia M, ''et al.'' |title=Human vasoactive intestinal peptide1 receptors expressed by stable transfectants couple to two distinct signaling pathways. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=203 |issue= 1 |pages= 141-8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8074647 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Moody TW, Zia F, Draoui M, Brenneman DE, Fridkin M, Davidson A, Gozes I | title = A vasoactive intestinal peptide antagonist inhibits non-small cell lung cancer growth | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 90 | issue = 10 | pages = 4345–9 | date = May 1993 | pmid = 8389448 | pmc = 46507 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.90.10.4345 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Couvineau A, Rouyer-Fessard C, Darmoul D, ''et al.'' |title=Human intestinal VIP receptor: cloning and functional expression of two cDNA encoding proteins with different N-terminal domains. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=200 |issue= 2 |pages= 769-76 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8179610 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sreedharan SP, Patel DR, Huang JX, Goetzl EJ | title = Cloning and functional expression of a human neuroendocrine vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 193 | issue = 2 | pages = 546–53 | date = Jun 1993 | pmid = 8390245 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1658 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Moody TW, Zia F, Draoui M, ''et al.'' |title=A vasoactive intestinal peptide antagonist inhibits non-small cell lung cancer growth. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=90 |issue= 10 |pages= 4345-9 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8389448 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Couvineau A, Fabre C, Gaudin P, Maoret JJ, Laburthe M | title = Mutagenesis of N-glycosylation sites in the human vasoactive intestinal peptide 1 receptor. Evidence that asparagine 58 or 69 is crucial for correct delivery of the receptor to plasma membrane | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 35 | issue = 6 | pages = 1745–52 | date = Feb 1996 | pmid = 8639654 | doi = 10.1021/bi952022h }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sreedharan SP, Patel DR, Huang JX, Goetzl EJ |title=Cloning and functional expression of a human neuroendocrine vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=193 |issue= 2 |pages= 546-53 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8390245 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1658 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Pozo D, Guerrero JM, Segura JJ, Calvo JR | title = Thymosin alpha 1 interacts with the VIP receptor-effector system in rat and mouse immunocompetent cells | journal = Immunopharmacology | volume = 34 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 113–23 | date = Sep 1996 | pmid = 8886855 | doi = 10.1016/0162-3109(96)00131-2 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Couvineau A, Fabre C, Gaudin P, ''et al.'' |title=Mutagenesis of N-glycosylation sites in the human vasoactive intestinal peptide 1 receptor. Evidence that asparagine 58 or 69 is crucial for correct delivery of the receptor to plasma membrane. |journal=Biochemistry |volume=35 |issue= 6 |pages= 1745-52 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8639654 |doi= 10.1021/bi952022h }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Couvineau A, Maoret JJ, Rouyer-Fessard C, Carrero I, Laburthe M | title = Cloning and functional characterization of the human VIP1/PACAP receptor promoter | journal = Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | volume = 865 | issue =  | pages = 59–63 | date = Dec 1998 | pmid = 9927997 | doi = 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11163.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Pozo D, Guerrero JM, Segura JJ, Calvo JR |title=Thymosin alpha 1 interacts with the VIP receptor-effector system in rat and mouse immunocompetent cells. |journal=Immunopharmacology |volume=34 |issue= 2-3 |pages= 113-23 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8886855 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Knudsen SM, Tams JW, Wulff BS, Fahrenkrug J | title = Importance of conserved cysteines in the extracellular loops of human PACAP/VIP1 receptor for ligand binding and stimulation of cAMP production | journal = Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | volume = 865 | issue =  | pages = 259–65 | date = Dec 1998 | pmid = 9928020 | doi = 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11186.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Couvineau A, Maoret JJ, Rouyer-Fessard C, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning and functional characterization of the human VIP1/PACAP receptor promoter. |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=865 |issue=  |pages= 59-63 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9927997 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Marie J, Wakkach A, Coudray A, Chastre E, Berrih-Aknin S, Gespach C | title = Functional expression of receptors for calcitonin gene-related peptide, calcitonin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide in the human thymus and thymomas from myasthenia gravis patients | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 162 | issue = 4 | pages = 2103–12 | date = Feb 1999 | pmid = 9973484 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Knudsen SM, Tams JW, Wulff BS, Fahrenkrug J |title=Importance of conserved cysteines in the extracellular loops of human PACAP/VIP1 receptor for ligand binding and stimulation of cAMP production. |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=865 |issue=  |pages= 259-65 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9928020 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Mimuro H, Suzuki T, Suetsugu S, Miki H, Takenawa T, Sasakawa C | title = Profilin is required for sustaining efficient intra- and intercellular spreading of Shigella flexneri | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 275 | issue = 37 | pages = 28893–901 | date = Sep 2000 | pmid = 10867004 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M003882200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Marie J, Wakkach A, Coudray A, ''et al.'' |title=Functional expression of receptors for calcitonin gene-related peptide, calcitonin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide in the human thymus and thymomas from myasthenia gravis patients. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=162 |issue= 4 |pages= 2103-12 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9973484 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nicole P, Maoret JJ, Couvineau A, Momany FA, Laburthe M | title = Tryptophan 67 in the human VPAC(1) receptor: crucial role for VIP binding | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 276 | issue = 2 | pages = 654–9 | date = Sep 2000 | pmid = 11027527 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3375 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mimuro H, Suzuki T, Suetsugu S, ''et al.'' |title=Profilin is required for sustaining efficient intra- and intercellular spreading of Shigella flexneri. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 37 |pages= 28893-901 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10867004 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M003882200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bajo AM, Juarranz MG, Valenzuela P, Martínez P, Prieto JC, Guijarro LG | title = Expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors in human uterus | journal = Peptides | volume = 21 | issue = 9 | pages = 1383–8 | date = Sep 2000 | pmid = 11072126 | doi = 10.1016/S0196-9781(00)00282-5 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nicole P, Maoret JJ, Couvineau A, ''et al.'' |title=Tryptophan 67 in the human VPAC(1) receptor: crucial role for VIP binding. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=276 |issue= 2 |pages= 654-9 |year= 2000 |pmid= 11027527 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3375 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lara-Marquez M, O'Dorisio M, O'Dorisio T, Shah M, Karacay B | title = Selective gene expression and activation-dependent regulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor type 1 and type 2 in human T cells | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 166 | issue = 4 | pages = 2522–30 | date = Feb 2001 | pmid = 11160313 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.166.4.2522 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bajo AM, Juarranz MG, Valenzuela P, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors in human uterus. |journal=Peptides |volume=21 |issue= 9 |pages= 1383-8 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11072126 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Martin Shreeve S | title = Identification of G-proteins coupling to the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor VPAC(1) using immunoaffinity chromatography: evidence for precoupling | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 290 | issue = 4 | pages = 1300–7 | date = Feb 2002 | pmid = 11812005 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6342 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lara-Marquez M, O'Dorisio M, O'Dorisio T, ''et al.'' |title=Selective gene expression and activation-dependent regulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor type 1 and type 2 in human T cells. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=166 |issue= 4 |pages= 2522-30 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11160313 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Dorsam G, Goetzl EJ | title = Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor-1 (VPAC-1) is a novel gene target of the hemolymphopoietic transcription factor Ikaros | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 16 | pages = 13488–93 | date = Apr 2002 | pmid = 11812772 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M107922200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Martin Shreeve S |title=Identification of G-proteins coupling to the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor VPAC(1) using immunoaffinity chromatography: evidence for precoupling. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=290 |issue= 4 |pages= 1300-7 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11812005 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6342 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Branch DR, Valenta LJ, Yousefi S, Sakac D, Singla R, Bali M, Sahai BM, Ma XZ | title = VPAC1 is a cellular neuroendocrine receptor expressed on T cells that actively facilitates productive HIV-1 infection | journal = AIDS | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 309–19 | date = Feb 2002 | pmid = 11834941 | doi = 10.1097/00002030-200202150-00001 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Dorsam G, Goetzl EJ |title=Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor-1 (VPAC-1) is a novel gene target of the hemolymphopoietic transcription factor Ikaros. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 16 |pages= 13488-93 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11812772 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M107922200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Branch DR, Valenta LJ, Yousefi S, ''et al.'' |title=VPAC1 is a cellular neuroendocrine receptor expressed on T cells that actively facilitates productive HIV-1 infection. |journal=AIDS |volume=16 |issue= 3 |pages= 309-19 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11834941 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{NLM content}}
{{NLM content}}
{{G protein-coupled receptors}}
{{G protein-coupled receptors}}
[[Category:G protein coupled receptors]]


{{WH}}
[[Category:G protein-coupled receptors]]
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 18:01, 24 September 2018

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

n/a

n/a

Ensembl

n/a

n/a

UniProt

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

n/a

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 1 also known as VPAC1, is a protein, that in humans is encoded by the VIPR1 gene.[1] VPAC1 is expressed in the brain (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala), lung, prostate, peripheral blood leukocytes, liver, small intestine, heart, spleen, placenta, kidney, thymus and testis.[2][3][4]

Function

VPAC1 is a receptor for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a small neuropeptide. Vasoactive intestinal peptide is involved in smooth muscle relaxation, exocrine and endocrine secretion, and water and ion flux in lung and intestinal epithelia. Its actions are effected through integral membrane receptors associated with a guanine nucleotide binding protein which activates adenylate cyclase.[1]

VIP acts in an autocrine fashion via VPAC11 to inhibit megakaryocyte proliferation and induce proplatelet formation.[5][6]

Clinical significance

Patients with idiopathic achalasia show a significant difference in the distribution of SNPs affecting VIPR1.[7]

VIP and PACAP levels were decreased in anterior vaginal wall of stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse patients, they may participate in the pathophysiology of these diseases.[8]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: VIPR1 vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1".
  2. ↑ Ishihara T, Shigemoto R, Mori K, Takahashi K, Nagata S (Apr 1992). "Functional expression and tissue distribution of a novel receptor for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide". Neuron. 8 (4): 811–9. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(92)90101-I. PMID 1314625.
  3. ↑ Usdin TB, Bonner TI, Mezey E (Dec 1994). "Two receptors for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide with similar specificity and complementary distributions". Endocrinology. 135 (6): 2662–80. doi:10.1210/en.135.6.2662. PMID 7988457.
  4. ↑ Sreedharan SP, Huang JX, Cheung MC, Goetzl EJ (Mar 1995). "Structure, expression, and chromosomal localization of the type I human vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor gene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (7): 2939–43. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.7.2939. PMC 42334. PMID 7708752.
  5. ↑ Nam C, Case AJ, Hostager BS, O'Dorisio MS (Feb 2009). "The role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in megakaryocyte proliferation". Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 37 (2): 160–7. doi:10.1007/s12031-008-9119-x. PMID 18663606.
  6. ↑ Freson K, Peeters K, De Vos R, Wittevrongel C, Thys C, Hoylaerts MF, Vermylen J, Van Geet C (Feb 2008). "PACAP and its receptor VPAC1 regulate megakaryocyte maturation: therapeutic implications". Blood. 111 (4): 1885–93. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-06-098558. PMID 18000164.
  7. ↑ Paladini F, Cocco E, Cascino I, Belfiore F, Badiali D, Piretta L, Alghisi F, Anzini F, Fiorillo MT, Corazziari E, Sorrentino R (Jun 2009). "Age-dependent association of idiopathic achalasia with vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 gene". Neurogastroenterology and Motility. 21 (6): 597–602. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01284.x. PMID 19309439.
  8. ↑ Hong X, Huang L, Song Y (Aug 2008). "Role of vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in the vaginal wall of women with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse". International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction. 19 (8): 1151–7. doi:10.1007/s00192-008-0585-z. PMID 18351280.

Further reading

  • "[Quaternary structure of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthetase]" [Quaternary structure of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen synthetase]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. 222 (4): 997–1000. Jun 1975. PMID 807467.
  • Sreedharan SP, Huang JX, Cheung MC, Goetzl EJ (Mar 1995). "Structure, expression, and chromosomal localization of the type I human vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor gene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (7): 2939–43. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.7.2939. PMC 42334. PMID 7708752.
  • Couvineau A, Gaudin P, Maoret JJ, Rouyer-Fessard C, Nicole P, Laburthe M (Jan 1995). "Highly conserved aspartate 68, tryptophane 73 and glycine 109 in the N-terminal extracellular domain of the human VIP receptor are essential for its ability to bind VIP". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 206 (1): 246–52. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1034. PMID 7818527.
  • Gagnon AW, Aiyar N, Elshourbagy NA (Mar 1994). "Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a human liver vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor". Cellular Signalling. 6 (3): 321–33. doi:10.1016/0898-6568(94)90037-X. PMID 7917790.
  • Sreedharan SP, Patel DR, Xia M, Ichikawa S, Goetzl EJ (Aug 1994). "Human vasoactive intestinal peptide1 receptors expressed by stable transfectants couple to two distinct signaling pathways". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 203 (1): 141–8. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2160. PMID 8074647.
  • Couvineau A, Rouyer-Fessard C, Darmoul D, Maoret JJ, Carrero I, Ogier-Denis E, Laburthe M (Apr 1994). "Human intestinal VIP receptor: cloning and functional expression of two cDNA encoding proteins with different N-terminal domains". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 200 (2): 769–76. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.1517. PMID 8179610.
  • Moody TW, Zia F, Draoui M, Brenneman DE, Fridkin M, Davidson A, Gozes I (May 1993). "A vasoactive intestinal peptide antagonist inhibits non-small cell lung cancer growth". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (10): 4345–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.10.4345. PMC 46507. PMID 8389448.
  • Sreedharan SP, Patel DR, Huang JX, Goetzl EJ (Jun 1993). "Cloning and functional expression of a human neuroendocrine vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 193 (2): 546–53. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.1658. PMID 8390245.
  • Couvineau A, Fabre C, Gaudin P, Maoret JJ, Laburthe M (Feb 1996). "Mutagenesis of N-glycosylation sites in the human vasoactive intestinal peptide 1 receptor. Evidence that asparagine 58 or 69 is crucial for correct delivery of the receptor to plasma membrane". Biochemistry. 35 (6): 1745–52. doi:10.1021/bi952022h. PMID 8639654.
  • Pozo D, Guerrero JM, Segura JJ, Calvo JR (Sep 1996). "Thymosin alpha 1 interacts with the VIP receptor-effector system in rat and mouse immunocompetent cells". Immunopharmacology. 34 (2–3): 113–23. doi:10.1016/0162-3109(96)00131-2. PMID 8886855.
  • Couvineau A, Maoret JJ, Rouyer-Fessard C, Carrero I, Laburthe M (Dec 1998). "Cloning and functional characterization of the human VIP1/PACAP receptor promoter". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 865: 59–63. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11163.x. PMID 9927997.
  • Knudsen SM, Tams JW, Wulff BS, Fahrenkrug J (Dec 1998). "Importance of conserved cysteines in the extracellular loops of human PACAP/VIP1 receptor for ligand binding and stimulation of cAMP production". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 865: 259–65. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11186.x. PMID 9928020.
  • Marie J, Wakkach A, Coudray A, Chastre E, Berrih-Aknin S, Gespach C (Feb 1999). "Functional expression of receptors for calcitonin gene-related peptide, calcitonin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide in the human thymus and thymomas from myasthenia gravis patients". Journal of Immunology. 162 (4): 2103–12. PMID 9973484.
  • Mimuro H, Suzuki T, Suetsugu S, Miki H, Takenawa T, Sasakawa C (Sep 2000). "Profilin is required for sustaining efficient intra- and intercellular spreading of Shigella flexneri". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (37): 28893–901. doi:10.1074/jbc.M003882200. PMID 10867004.
  • Nicole P, Maoret JJ, Couvineau A, Momany FA, Laburthe M (Sep 2000). "Tryptophan 67 in the human VPAC(1) receptor: crucial role for VIP binding". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 276 (2): 654–9. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3375. PMID 11027527.
  • Bajo AM, Juarranz MG, Valenzuela P, Martínez P, Prieto JC, Guijarro LG (Sep 2000). "Expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors in human uterus". Peptides. 21 (9): 1383–8. doi:10.1016/S0196-9781(00)00282-5. PMID 11072126.
  • Lara-Marquez M, O'Dorisio M, O'Dorisio T, Shah M, Karacay B (Feb 2001). "Selective gene expression and activation-dependent regulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor type 1 and type 2 in human T cells". Journal of Immunology. 166 (4): 2522–30. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.4.2522. PMID 11160313.
  • Martin Shreeve S (Feb 2002). "Identification of G-proteins coupling to the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor VPAC(1) using immunoaffinity chromatography: evidence for precoupling". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 290 (4): 1300–7. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6342. PMID 11812005.
  • Dorsam G, Goetzl EJ (Apr 2002). "Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor-1 (VPAC-1) is a novel gene target of the hemolymphopoietic transcription factor Ikaros". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (16): 13488–93. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107922200. PMID 11812772.
  • Branch DR, Valenta LJ, Yousefi S, Sakac D, Singla R, Bali M, Sahai BM, Ma XZ (Feb 2002). "VPAC1 is a cellular neuroendocrine receptor expressed on T cells that actively facilitates productive HIV-1 infection". AIDS. 16 (3): 309–19. doi:10.1097/00002030-200202150-00001. PMID 11834941.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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