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'''Trace amine-associated receptor 2''' ('''TAAR2'''), formerly known as '''G protein-coupled receptor 58''' ('''GPR58'''), is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''TAAR2'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid10684976">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee DK, Lynch KR, Nguyen T, Im DS, Cheng R, Saldivia VR, Liu Y, Liu IS, Heng HH, Seeman P, George SR, O'Dowd BF, Marchese A | title = Cloning and characterization of additional members of the G protein-coupled receptor family | journal = Biochim Biophys Acta | volume = 1490 | issue = 3 | pages = 311–23 |date=Jun 2000 | pmid = 10684976 | pmc =  | doi =  10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00241-9}}</ref><ref name="pmid15718104">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lindemann L, Ebeling M, Kratochwil NA, Bunzow JR, Grandy DK, Hoener MC | title = Trace amine-associated receptors form structurally and functionally distinct subfamilies of novel G protein-coupled receptors | journal = Genomics | volume = 85 | issue = 3 | pages = 372–85 |date=Feb 2005 | pmid = 15718104 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.11.010 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TAAR2 trace amine associated receptor 2| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9287| accessdate = }}</ref><ref name="IUPHAR TAAR2">{{cite web|author1=Davenport AP, Alexander S, Sharman JL, Pawson AJ, Benson HE, Monaghan AE, Liew WC, Mpamhanga C, Battey J, Benya RV, Jensen RT, Karnik S, Kostenis E, Spindel E, Storjohann L, Tirupula K, Bonner TI, Neubig R, Pin JP, Spedding M, Harmar A|title=TAAR2|url=http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=167|website=IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY|publisher=International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology|accessdate=22 February 2017|date=25 June 2015}}</ref> TAAR2 is coexpressed with [[G alpha subunit|G<sub>α</sub> proteins]];<ref name="IUPHAR TAAR2" /> however, {{as of|February 2017|lc=y|post=,}} its [[signal transduction]] mechanisms have not been determined.<ref name="IUPHAR TAAR2" />
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Human TAAR2 (hTAAR2) is expressed in the [[cerebellum]], [[olfactory sensory neurons]] in the [[olfactory epithelium]], and [[leukocyte]]s (i.e., white blood cells), among other tissues.<ref name="Human trace amines and hTAARs October 2016 review">{{cite journal | vauthors = Khan MZ, Nawaz W | title = The emerging roles of human trace amines and human trace amine-associated receptors (hTAARs) in central nervous system | journal = Biomed. Pharmacother. | volume = 83 | issue = | pages = 439–449 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27424325 | doi = 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.002 | quote = }}</ref><ref name="TAAR2 3-iodothyronamine">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cichero E, Tonelli M | title = New insights into the structure of the trace amine-associated receptor 2: Homology modelling studies exploring the binding mode of 3-iodothyronamine | journal = Chem Biol Drug Des | volume = | issue = | pages = | date = November 2016 | pmid = 27863038 | doi = 10.1111/cbdd.12903 | quote = }}</ref> [[hTAAR1]] and hTAAR2 are both required for white blood cell activation by [[trace amines]] in [[granulocytes]].<ref name="pmid23315425">{{cite journal |vauthors=Babusyte A, Kotthoff M, Fiedler J, Krautwurst D |title=Biogenic amines activate blood leukocytes via trace amine-associated receptors TAAR1 and TAAR2 |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=387–94 |date=March 2013  |pmid=23315425 |doi=10.1189/jlb.0912433 |url=}}</ref> [[Phenethylamine]], [[para-tyramine]], and [[3-iodothyronamine]] are [[full agonist]]s of hTAAR2 with [[EC50|EC<sub>50</sub>]] values of 0.43&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.05&nbsp;{{abbrlink|nM|nanomolar}}, 0.52&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.05&nbsp;nM, and 0.25&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.04&nbsp;nM respectively.<ref name="Human trace amines and hTAARs October 2016 review" />
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A [[single nucleotide polymorphism]] [[nonsense mutation]] of the TAAR2 gene is associated with [[schizophrenia]].<ref name="IUPHAR TAAR2" /><ref name="Human trace amines and hTAARs October 2016 review" /> TAAR2 is a probable [[pseudogene]] in 10–15% of Asians as a result of a [[Genetic polymorphism|polymorphism]] that produces a [[premature stop codon]] at amino acid 168.<ref name="IUPHAR TAAR2" />
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| image = 
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| PDB =
| Name = Trace amine associated receptor 2
| HGNCid = 4514
| Symbol = TAAR2
| AltSymbols =; GPR58
| OMIM = 604849
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 75029
| MGIid = 2685071
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_TAAR2_221394_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 9287
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000146378
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001028252
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001033080
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 6
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 132979982
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 132987107
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q9P1P5
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 209512
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000059763
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_001007266
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_001007267
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 10
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 23630004
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 23630999
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q5QD17
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}}
'''Trace amine associated receptor 2''', also known as '''TAAR2''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TAAR2 trace amine associated receptor 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9287| accessdate = }}</ref>


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==See also==
==See also==
* [[Trace amine]]
* [[Trace amine-associated receptor]]
* [[Trace amine-associated receptor]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
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| citations =  
*{{cite journal | author=Lee DK, Lynch KR, Nguyen T, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning and characterization of additional members of the G protein-coupled receptor family. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1490 |issue= 3 |pages= 311-23 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10684976 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, etal |title=The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. |journal=Nature |volume=425 |issue= 6960 |pages= 805–11 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14574404 |doi= 10.1038/nature02055 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, ''et al.'' |title=The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. |journal=Nature |volume=425 |issue= 6960 |pages= 805-11 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14574404 |doi= 10.1038/nature02055 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504  | pmc=528928 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lindemann L, Ebeling M, Kratochwil NA, ''et al.'' |title=Trace amine-associated receptors form structurally and functionally distinct subfamilies of novel G protein-coupled receptors. |journal=Genomics |volume=85 |issue= 3 |pages= 372-85 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15718104 |doi= 10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.11.010 }}
}}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


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{{G protein-coupled receptors}}
{{G protein-coupled receptors}}
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[[Category:G protein coupled receptors]]
[[Category:G protein coupled receptors]]
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{{WikiDoc Sources}}
 
{{transmembranereceptor-stub}}

Revision as of 11:29, 15 September 2017

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View/Edit Human

Trace amine-associated receptor 2 (TAAR2), formerly known as G protein-coupled receptor 58 (GPR58), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAAR2 gene.[1][2][3][4] TAAR2 is coexpressed with Gα proteins;[4] however, as of February 2017, its signal transduction mechanisms have not been determined.[4]

Human TAAR2 (hTAAR2) is expressed in the cerebellum, olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium, and leukocytes (i.e., white blood cells), among other tissues.[5][6] hTAAR1 and hTAAR2 are both required for white blood cell activation by trace amines in granulocytes.[7] Phenethylamine, para-tyramine, and 3-iodothyronamine are full agonists of hTAAR2 with EC50 values of 0.43 ± 0.05 nM, 0.52 ± 0.05 nM, and 0.25 ± 0.04 nM respectively.[5]

A single nucleotide polymorphism nonsense mutation of the TAAR2 gene is associated with schizophrenia.[4][5] TAAR2 is a probable pseudogene in 10–15% of Asians as a result of a polymorphism that produces a premature stop codon at amino acid 168.[4]


See also

References

  1. ↑ Lee DK, Lynch KR, Nguyen T, Im DS, Cheng R, Saldivia VR, Liu Y, Liu IS, Heng HH, Seeman P, George SR, O'Dowd BF, Marchese A (Jun 2000). "Cloning and characterization of additional members of the G protein-coupled receptor family". Biochim Biophys Acta. 1490 (3): 311–23. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00241-9. PMID 10684976.
  2. ↑ Lindemann L, Ebeling M, Kratochwil NA, Bunzow JR, Grandy DK, Hoener MC (Feb 2005). "Trace amine-associated receptors form structurally and functionally distinct subfamilies of novel G protein-coupled receptors". Genomics. 85 (3): 372–85. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.11.010. PMID 15718104.
  3. ↑ "Entrez Gene: TAAR2 trace amine associated receptor 2".
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Davenport AP, Alexander S, Sharman JL, Pawson AJ, Benson HE, Monaghan AE, Liew WC, Mpamhanga C, Battey J, Benya RV, Jensen RT, Karnik S, Kostenis E, Spindel E, Storjohann L, Tirupula K, Bonner TI, Neubig R, Pin JP, Spedding M, Harmar A (25 June 2015). "TAAR2". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Khan MZ, Nawaz W (October 2016). "The emerging roles of human trace amines and human trace amine-associated receptors (hTAARs) in central nervous system". Biomed. Pharmacother. 83: 439–449. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.002. PMID 27424325.
  6. ↑ Cichero E, Tonelli M (November 2016). "New insights into the structure of the trace amine-associated receptor 2: Homology modelling studies exploring the binding mode of 3-iodothyronamine". Chem Biol Drug Des. doi:10.1111/cbdd.12903. PMID 27863038.
  7. ↑ Babusyte A, Kotthoff M, Fiedler J, Krautwurst D (March 2013). "Biogenic amines activate blood leukocytes via trace amine-associated receptors TAAR1 and TAAR2". J. Leukoc. Biol. 93 (3): 387–94. doi:10.1189/jlb.0912433. PMID 23315425.

Further reading

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.



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