Pharyngitis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

The pharynx is often the first site of infection for many contagious diseases such as the common cold. This is because viruses and bacteria often settle in this part of the body after a person inhales dust or water vapor containing the microorganism. Infection can also arise when a person touches their nose or mouth after having touched an object shared with another person with the disease. The foreign invader reproduces rapidly after settling on the body tissue.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	Acetic acid, Grape seed extract, Sodium dichloroisocyanurate,
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Abacavir, Abatacept Injection (patient information), Acetazolamide Oral, Acetohexamide , Aciclovir, Acyclovir , Adalimumab , Adefovir , Alefacept , Alfuzosin , Allopurinol , Altretamine , Amlodipine and Benazepril, Amikacin Sulfate , Amiloride and Hydrochlorothiazide , Amobarbital , Amphotericin B , Ampicillin Sodium , Anagrelide , Anakinra , Anastrozole , Anisindione , Anticholinergic, Antihemophilic Factor (Human) , Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant) , Asparaginase , Atorvastatin , Auranofin , Azelastine Ophthalmic , Aztreonam , Benazepril , Bevacizumab , Bortezomib , Bosentan , Brinzolamide Ophthalmic , Budesonide Inhalation Powder , Bumetanide , Buspirone, Busulfan , Butabarbital , Butorphanol, Candesartan , Capecitabine , Captopril , Carteolol , Cefadroxil , Cefamandole Nafate , Cefazolin Sodium , Cefepime , Cefoperazone Sodium , Cefotaxime Sodium , Cefotetan Disodium , Cefoxitin Sodium , Cefpodoxime , Ceftazidime , Ceftizoxime Sodium , Ceftriaxone Sodium , Cefuroxime Sodium , Cephalexin , Cephradine , Cetuximab , Chlorambucil , Chlorothiazide , Chlorpropamide , Chlorthalidone , Cilostazol , Cladribine , Clofarabine , Clofibrate, Co-trimoxazole , Conjugated estrogens Cromolyn Sodium Oral Inhalation , Cyanocobalamin Nasal , Cytarabine , Dacarbazine , Dactinomycin ,Dapsone Danazol , Darbepoetin Alfa , Daunorubicin , Desloratadine , Desmopressin, Dexmethylphenidate, Diclofenac and Misoprostol , Diethylpropion , Diphtheria, Disopyramide , Docetaxel , Dornase Alfa , Doxorubicin , Efalizumab , Efavirenz , Emtricitabine , Enalapril , Epinastine Ophthalmic , Epirubicin , Epoetin Alfa , Eprosartan , Erlotinib , Erythromycin and Sulfisoxazole , Etanercept , Ethacrynic Acid , Ethosuximide Oral , Etodolac , Etoposide Oral and , Ezetimibe , Fentanyl Skin Patches , Flavoxate , Floxuridine , Flunisolide Nasal Inhalation , Fluorouracil , Fluphenazine , Fluticasone and Salmeterol Oral Inhalation , Formoterol , Fosamprenavir , Foscarnet Sodium , Fosinopril , Fulvestrant , Furosemide , Gabapentin , Ganciclovir , Gatifloxacin , Gemcitabine Hydrochloride , Glatiramer , Glipizide , Glyburide , Grifulvin V, Griseofulvin , Hydrochlorothiazide , Ibandronate , Ifosfamide , Imatinib , Imipenem and Cilastatin Sodium , Infliximab , Insulin Human (rDNA Origin) Inhalation , Interferon beta-1a Intramuscular , Ipratropium and Albuterol Inhalation , Irbesartan , Ketotifen Ophthalmic , Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam , Levocetirizine, Lisinopril , Lomustine , Loratadine , Losartan , Mechlorethamine , Mefenamic acid, Megestrol, Melphalan , Meprobamate , Meropenem, Mercaptopurine, Mesalamine , Methimazole , Methotrexate , Methsuximide Oral , Methyclothiazide , Metolazone , Metoprolol, Minocycline, Mitomycin , Modafinil , Moexipril , Moxifloxacin ophthalmic , Nafcillin Sodium , Natalizumab , Nedocromil oral inhalation , Nisoldipine , Olopatadine ophthalmic , Omeprazole, Oxacillin Sodium , Oxaliplatin , Oxcarbazepine , Paclitaxel, Palivizumab , Pamidronate , Peginterferon alfa-2a , Penicillin G Potassium or Sodium , Penicillamine Pentamidine Isethionate, Pentostatin , Perindopril , Phenobarbital , Phenytoin oral , Pindolol , Pioglitazone , Piperacillin sodium , Plicamycin , Pramlintide , Prazosin and polythiazide , Primaquine , Primidone , Procarbazine , Promethazine , Propafenone , Propranolol Oral , Propylthiouracil , Quetiapine , Quinapril , Rabeprazole, Ramipril , Ranitidine bismuth citrate , Rifabutin , Rimexolone, Risedronate , Risperidone , Rifaximin, Rituximab , Ropinirole , Rosiglitazone , Rosuvastatin , Salmeterol oral inhalation , Sargramostim, Scopolamine, Secobarbital , Sibutramine , Silver sulfadiazine , Sitagliptin , Sodium dichloroisocyanurate, Sodium oxybate , Spironolactone , Streptozocin , Sulfadiazine , Sulfasalazine , Sulfinpyrazone , Sulfisoxazole , Tamsulosin , Telmisartan , Teniposide , Terbinafine , Teriparatide (rDNA origin) , Thioguanine , Thiotepa , Ticarcillin Disodium , Ticlopidine , Tiotropium Oral Inhalation , Tizanidine, Tocainide , Tolazamide , Tolbutamide , Topotecan Hydrochloride , Trandolapril , Trastuzumab , Trazodone, Triamcinolone Nasal Inhalation , Trimethadione , Trimipramine , Valproic Acid , Verapamil and Trandolapril , Vinblastine , Vinorelbine Tartrate , Von Willebrand factor, Zalcitabine , Zolmitriptan Nasal , Zonisamide , Conjugated estrogens
Ear Nose Throat	Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold), Allergic pharynigits, Angina tonsillaris, Epiglottitis, Fungal pharyngitis, Laryngeal cancer, Laryngitis, Oropharyngeal lesion, Peritonsillar abscess, Post-nasal drip, Sinusitis, Thyroiditis, Tonsillitis, Tonsillolith, Tracheobronchitis, Retropharyngeal abscess,
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Smoke
Gastroenterologic	GERD
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	Neutropenia, Leukemia,
Iatrogenic	Endoscopy, Invisalign, Nasogastric intubation, Radiation, Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty,
Infectious Disease	Anthrax, Adenovirus, Arcanobacterium, Candida Albicans, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Coronavirus, Coxsackie A virus, Coxsackie B , Cryptococcus, Cytomegalovirus, Diphtheria, Duke's disease, Ebola, Enterovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus, Fusobacterium, Gonococcal Infections, Group A streptococcal infection, Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Herpangina, Herpesviridae, Histoplasma, Human parainfluenza viruses, Infectious mononucleosis, Influenza, Lassa Fever, Lemierre's syndrome, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mumps, Parainfluenza, Pneumococcus, Poliovirus, Q Fever, Rabies, Rhinovirus, Scarlet fever, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Staphylococcus aureus Strep throat, Syphillis, Tularemia, Mycobacterium, Mycoplasma,
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Encephalitis lethargica,
Nutritional / Metabolic	Ariboflavinosis,
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Laryngeal cancer, Lymphoma
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Cocaine, Hydrogen sulfide, Methotrexate (patient information), Peginterferon alfa-2a (patient information),
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Hay fever, Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, Kawasaki disease, Lymphadenitis,
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Trauma to the throat
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Foreign body Chemical burns

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Abacavir Abatacept Acetazolamide Oral Acetic acid Acetohexamide Aciclovir Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold) Acyclovir Adalimumab Adefovir Adenovirus Alefacept Alfuzosin Allergic Pharyngitis Allopurinol Altretamine Amikacin Sulfate Amiloride and Hydrochlorothiazide Amobarbital Amphotericin B Ampicillin Sodium Anagrelide Anakinra Anastrozole Angina tonsillaris Anisindione Anthrax Anticholinergic Antihemophilic Factor (Human) Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant) Arcanobacterium Ariboflavinosis Asparaginase Atorvastatin Atripala (combination of efavirenz, emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) Auranofin Azelastine Ophthalmic Aztreonam Behcets Syndrome Benazepril Bevacizumab Bezold's abscess Blastomyces Bortezomib Bosentan Brinzolamide Ophthalmic Budesonide Inhalation Powder Bumetanide Buprenorphine Buspirone Busulfan Butabarbital Butorphanol Candesartan Candida albicans Capecitabine Captopril Carteolol Cefadroxil Cefamandole Nafate Cefazolin Sodium Cefepime Cefoperazone Sodium Cefotaxime Sodium Cefotetan Disodium Cefoxitin Sodium Cefpodoxime Ceftazidime Ceftizoxime Sodium Ceftriaxone Sodium Cefuroxime Sodium Cephalexin Cephradine Cervical phlegmon Cetuximab Chemical burns Chemotherapy Chlamydia pneumonia Chlorambucil Chlorothiazide Chlorpropamide Chlorthalidone Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Cilostazol Cladribine Clofarabine Clofibrate Cocaine Coronavirus Co-trimoxazole Coxsackie A virus Coxsackie B Cromolyn Sodium Oral Inhalation Cryptococcus Cyanocobalamin Nasal Cytarabine Cytomegalovirus Dacarbazine Dactinomycin Danazol Darbepoetin Alfa Daunorubicin Deep neck space infections Desloratadine Desmopressin Dexmethylphenidate Diclofenac and Misoprostol Diethylpropion Diphtheria Disopyramide Docetaxel Dornase Alfa

Doxorubicin Duke's disease Ebola Efalizumab Efavirenz Emtricitabine Enalapril Encephalitis lethargica Environmental pollutants Epiglottitis Epinastine Ophthalmic Epirubicin Epoetin Alfa Eprosartan Epstein-Barr Virus Erlotinib Erythromycin and Sulfisoxazole Etanercept Ethacrynic Acid Ethosuximide Oral Etodolac Etoposide Ezetimibe Fentanyl Skin Patches Flavoxate Floxuridine Flunisolide Nasal Inhalation Fluorouracil Fluphenazine Fluticasone (aerosol and spray) Fluticasone and Salmeterol Oral Inhalation Foreign body Formoterol Fosamprenavir Foscarnet Sodium Fosinopril Fulvestrant Furosemide Fusobacterium Gabapentin Ganciclovir Gatifloxacin Gemcitabine Hydrochloride GERD Glatiramer Glipizide Glyburide Gonococcal Infections Grifulvin V Griseofulvin Group A streptococcal infection Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Hay fever Hemophilus Influenza Herpangina Herpesviridae Histoplasma HPV Vaccine (Gardasil) Human parainfluenza viruses Hydrochlorothiazide Hydrogen sulfide Ibandronate Ifosfamide Imatinib Imipenem and Cilastatin Sodium Infectious mononucleosis Infliximab Influenza Insulin Human (rDNA Origin) Inhalation Insulin lispro Interferon beta-1a Intramuscular Invisalign Ipratropium and Albuterol Inhalation Irbesartan Sitagliptin Kawasaki disease Kelbsiella Ketotifen Ophthalmic Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease Laryngeal cancer Laryngitis Lassa Fever Lemierre's syndrome Leukemia Levetiracetam Lisinopril Lomustine Loratadine Losartan Ludwig's angina Lymphadenitis Lymphoma Mechlorethamine Mefenamic acid Melphalan Meprobamate Mercaptopurine Mesalamine Methimazole Methotrexate Methsuximide Oral Methyclothiazide Metolazone Metoprolol Minocycline Mitomycin Modafinil Moexipril Moraxella catarrhalis Moxifloxacin ophthalmic Mumps Mycobacterium Mycoplasma Nafcillin Sodium

Nasogastric intubation Natalizumab Nedocromil oral inhalation Neutropenia Nisoldipine Olopatadine ophthalmic Oropharyngeal lesion Oxacillin Sodium Oxaliplatin Oxcarbazepine Paclitaxel Palivizumab Pamidronate Paracoccidiodes Peginterferon alfa-2a Pemetrexed Pemphigus Penicillin G Potassium or Sodium Pentamidine Isethionate Pentostatin Perindopril Peritonsillar abscess Phenobarbital Phenytoin oral Pindolol Pioglitazone Piperacillin sodium Plicamycin Pneumococcal Vaccine 13-Valent (Prevnar 13): in infants and toddlers Pneumococcus Poliovirus Post-nasal drip Pramlintide Prazosin and polythiazide Primaquine Primidone Procarbazine Promethazine Propafenone Propranolol Oral Propylthiouracil Q Fever Quetiapine Quinapril Rabies Ramipril Ranitidine bismuth citrate Respiratory Syncitial virus Retropharyngeal abscess Rhinosporodium Rhinovirus Rifabutin Risedronate Risperidone Rituximab Ropinirole Rosiglitazone Rosuvastatin Sargramostim Salmeterol oral inhalation Scarlet fever Scrumpox Secobarbital Severe acute respiratory syndrome Sibutramine Silver sulfadiazine Sinusitis Sitagliptin Smoke Sodium dichloroisocyanurate Sodium oxybate Spironolactone Staphylococcus aureus Strep throat Streptozocin Sulfadiazine Sulfasalazine Sulfinpyrazone Sulfisoxazole Syphillis Tamsulosin Telmisartan Teniposide Terbinafine Teriparatide (rDNA origin) Thioguanine Thiotepa Thyroiditis Ticarcillin Disodium Ticlopidine Tiotropium Oral Inhalation Tocainide Tolazamide Tolbutamide Tonsillitis Tonsillolith Topotecan Hydrochloride Toxins Tracheitis Tracheobronchitis Trandolapril Trastuzumab Trazodone Triamcinolone Nasal Inhalation Trimethadione Trimipramine Tularemia Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty Valproic Acid Verapamil and Trandolapril Vinblastine Vinorelbine Tartrate Vocal abuse Von Willebrand factor Zalcitabine Zolmitriptan Nasal Zonisamide