Gynecomastia natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
===Natural History=== | ===Natural History=== | ||
* The signs of gynecomastia usually develops in neonatal, in pubertal age or in elderly. | * The signs of gynecomastia usually develops in neonatal, in pubertal age or in elderly.<ref name="pmid8421478">{{cite journal| author=Braunstein GD| title=Gynecomastia. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1993 | volume= 328 | issue= 7 | pages= 490-5 | pmid=8421478 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199302183280708 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8421478 }} </ref> | ||
* Without treatment gynecomastia has some associated risk of breast cancer, however, the majority of physiological gynecomastia resolves in months to years time. | * Without treatment gynecomastia has some associated risk of breast cancer, however, the majority of physiological gynecomastia resolves in months to years time. | ||
* Secondary gynecomastia usually responds to treatment or removal of the underlying cause. | * Secondary gynecomastia usually responds to treatment or removal of the underlying cause. | ||
Revision as of 20:02, 8 August 2017
|
Gynecomastia Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Gynecomastia natural history, complications and prognosis On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Gynecomastia natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
FDA on Gynecomastia natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
CDC on Gynecomastia natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
Gynecomastia natural history, complications and prognosis in the news |
|
Blogs on Gynecomastia natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Gynecomastia natural history, complications and prognosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
- If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
- Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
- Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The signs of gynecomastia usually develops in neonatal, in pubertal age or in elderly.[1]
- Without treatment gynecomastia has some associated risk of breast cancer, however, the majority of physiological gynecomastia resolves in months to years time.
- Secondary gynecomastia usually responds to treatment or removal of the underlying cause.
Complications
- Complications of gynecomastia include:
Prognosis
- Gynecomastia is a benign breast enlargement and the majority of adolescent gynecomastia resolved spontaneously.
- Persistent gynecomastia can cause psychosocial stresses and can be treated with surgical options with a good outcome.[5] [6] [7]
References
- ↑ Braunstein GD (1993). "Gynecomastia". N Engl J Med. 328 (7): 490–5. doi:10.1056/NEJM199302183280708. PMID 8421478.
- ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.01.009 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Ordaz DL, Thompson JK (2015). "Gynecomastia and psychological functioning: A review of the literature". Body Image. 15: 141–8. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.08.004. PMID 26408934.
- ↑ Rew L, Young C, Harrison T, Caridi R (2015). "A systematic review of literature on psychosocial aspects of gynecomastia in adolescents and young men". J Adolesc. 43: 206–12. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.06.007. PMID 26151806.
- ↑ Wiesman, IM.; et al. "Gynecomastia: An Outcome Analysis".
- ↑ Li CC, Fu JP, Chang SC, Chen TM, Chen SG (2012). "Surgical treatment of gynecomastia: complications and outcomes". Ann Plast Surg. 69 (5): 510–5. doi:10.1097/SAP.0b013e318222834d. PMID 21712702.
- ↑ Choi BS, Lee SR, Byun GY, Hwang SB, Koo BH (2017). "The Characteristics and Short-Term Surgical Outcomes of Adolescent Gynecomastia". Aesthetic Plast Surg. doi:10.1007/s00266-017-0886-z. PMID 28451801.