Gynecomastia physical examination: Difference between revisions
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===Appearance of the Patient=== | ===Appearance of the Patient=== | ||
*Patients with gynecomastia are usually well-appearing and [[asymptomatic]].<ref name="pmid25905330">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Swerdloff RS, Ng JCM |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=25905330 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *Patients with gynecomastia are usually well-appearing and [[asymptomatic]].<ref name="pmid25905330">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Swerdloff RS, Ng JCM |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=25905330 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Chest=== | ===Chest=== | ||
*[[Breast enlargement]]<ref name="pmid25905330">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Swerdloff RS, Ng JCM |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=25905330 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *[[Breast enlargement]]<ref name="pmid25905330">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Swerdloff RS, Ng JCM |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=25905330 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
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*[[Glandular tissue]] is centrally located and usually bilateral. | *[[Glandular tissue]] is centrally located and usually bilateral. | ||
*Gynecomastia can be differentiated from pseudo gynecomastia by placing the thumb and index finger on opposite sides of the breast and brought towards the nipple-areolar complex. Gynecomastia is diagnosed as firm, mobile mass located beneath the [[areola]]. | *Gynecomastia can be differentiated from pseudo gynecomastia by placing the thumb and index finger on opposite sides of the breast and brought towards the nipple-areolar complex. Gynecomastia is diagnosed as firm, mobile mass located beneath the [[areola]]. | ||
*Psedudogynecomastia doesn't have any discrete mass, thumb and [[index finger]] will not reach until they reach the nipple.<ref name="pmid17881754">{{cite journal| author=Braunstein GD| title=Clinical practice. Gynecomastia. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2007 | volume= 357 | issue= 12 | pages= 1229-37 | pmid=17881754 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070677 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17881754 }} </ref> | *Psedudogynecomastia doesn't have any discrete [[mass]], [[thumb]] and [[index finger]] will not reach until they reach the [[nipple]].<ref name="pmid17881754">{{cite journal| author=Braunstein GD| title=Clinical practice. Gynecomastia. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2007 | volume= 357 | issue= 12 | pages= 1229-37 | pmid=17881754 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070677 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17881754 }} </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 18:03, 21 August 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Husnain Shaukat, M.D [2]
Overview
Patients with gynecomastia are usually asymptomatic. Common physical examination findings of gynecomastia include breast enlargement and tenderness.
Physical Examination
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with gynecomastia are usually well-appearing and asymptomatic.[1]
Chest
- Breast enlargement[1]
- Size of a nipple-areolar complex may be increased in some patients.
- Breast tenderness
- Glandular tissue is centrally located and usually bilateral.
- Gynecomastia can be differentiated from pseudo gynecomastia by placing the thumb and index finger on opposite sides of the breast and brought towards the nipple-areolar complex. Gynecomastia is diagnosed as firm, mobile mass located beneath the areola.
- Psedudogynecomastia doesn't have any discrete mass, thumb and index finger will not reach until they reach the nipple.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Swerdloff RS, Ng J. PMID 25905330. Vancouver style error: initials (help); Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Braunstein GD (2007). "Clinical practice. Gynecomastia". N Engl J Med. 357 (12): 1229–37. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp070677. PMID 17881754.