Gynecomastia physical examination: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Gynecomastia}} | {{Gynecomastia}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{HS}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common physical examination findings of gynecomastia include breast enlargement with or without [[tenderness]]. Patients with gynecomastia are otherwise [[asymptomatic]]. | |||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
===Appearance of the Patient=== | ===Appearance of the Patient=== | ||
*Patients with gynecomastia are usually well-appearing and asymptomatic.<ref name="pmid25905330">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Swerdloff RS, Ng JCM |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=25905330 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *Patients with gynecomastia are usually well-appearing and [[asymptomatic]].<ref name="pmid25905330">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Swerdloff RS, Ng JCM |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=25905330 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Chest=== | ===Chest=== | ||
*Breast enlargement<ref name="pmid25905330">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Swerdloff RS, Ng JCM |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=25905330 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *[[Breast enlargement]]<ref name="pmid25905330">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Swerdloff RS, Ng JCM |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |pmid=25905330 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Size of a nipple-areolar complex may be increased in some patients | *Breast [[tenderness]] | ||
The following findings in patients physical exam are less commonly occuring: | |||
*[[Glandular tissue]] is centrally located and usually bilateral. | |||
*Gynecomastia can be differentiated from pseudo gynecomastia by placing the thumb and index finger on opposite sides of the breast and brought towards the nipple-areolar complex. Gynecomastia is diagnosed as firm, mobile mass located beneath the areola. Psedudogynecomastia doesn't have any discrete mass | *Size of a [[nipple]]-[[areolar]] complex may be increased in some patients. | ||
*Gynecomastia can be differentiated from pseudo gynecomastia by placing the thumb and index finger on opposite sides of the breast and brought towards the nipple-areolar complex. Gynecomastia is diagnosed as firm, mobile mass located beneath the [[areola]]. | |||
*Psedudogynecomastia doesn't have any discrete [[mass]]. The [[thumb]] and [[index finger]] will not counter any resistance until they reach the [[nipple]].<ref name="pmid17881754">{{cite journal| author=Braunstein GD| title=Clinical practice. Gynecomastia. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2007 | volume= 357 | issue= 12 | pages= 1229-37 | pmid=17881754 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070677 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17881754 }} </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 23:43, 15 November 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Husnain Shaukat, M.D [2]
Overview
Common physical examination findings of gynecomastia include breast enlargement with or without tenderness. Patients with gynecomastia are otherwise asymptomatic.
Physical Examination
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with gynecomastia are usually well-appearing and asymptomatic.[1]
Chest
- Breast enlargement[1]
- Breast tenderness
The following findings in patients physical exam are less commonly occuring:
- Glandular tissue is centrally located and usually bilateral.
- Size of a nipple-areolar complex may be increased in some patients.
- Gynecomastia can be differentiated from pseudo gynecomastia by placing the thumb and index finger on opposite sides of the breast and brought towards the nipple-areolar complex. Gynecomastia is diagnosed as firm, mobile mass located beneath the areola.
- Psedudogynecomastia doesn't have any discrete mass. The thumb and index finger will not counter any resistance until they reach the nipple.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, Swerdloff RS, Ng J. PMID 25905330. Vancouver style error: initials (help); Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Braunstein GD (2007). "Clinical practice. Gynecomastia". N Engl J Med. 357 (12): 1229–37. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp070677. PMID 17881754.